{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:38:55Z","timestamp":1789173535016,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Forensic Science International: Synergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T17:46:42Z","timestamp":1753984002000},"page":"100621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The problem with eliminations: Why forensic comparisons need false negative rates"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7242-9453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Cuellar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Criteria for identification committee report","volume":"24","author":"AFTE Criteria for Identification Committee","year":"1992","journal-title":"AFTE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b2","series-title":"AFTE theory of identification","author":"The Association of Firearm and Toolmark Examiners (AFTE)","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b3","series-title":"President\u2019s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology: Forensic Science in Criminal Courts: Ensuring Scientific Validity of Feature-comparison Methods","author":"PCAST","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b4","series-title":"Methodological problems in every black-box study of forensic firearm comparisons","author":"Cuellar","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1086\/385908","article-title":"Blackstone\u2019s science of legislation","volume":"27","author":"Lieberman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Br. Stud."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b6","first-page":"449","article-title":"Does \u201dyes\u201d really mean yes? The attempt to close debate on the admissibility of fingerprint testimony","volume":"45","author":"Cole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jurimetrics"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b7","first-page":"317","article-title":"Treatment of inconclusives in the AFTE range of conclusions","volume":"19","author":"Hofmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Law, Probab. Risk"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1037\/mac0000158","article-title":"Implicit blackstone ratios in decisions made by firearm and toolmark examiners","volume":"13","author":"Scurich","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70047","article-title":"The hawthorne effect in studies of firearm and toolmark examiners","author":"Scurich","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b10","article-title":"Is a match really a match? A primer on the procedures and validity of firearm and toolmark identification","volume":"11","author":"Bunch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b11","series-title":"National Research Council: Strengthening forensic science in the United States: A path forward","author":"NRC","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-9713.2019.01252.x","article-title":"Machine learning in forensic applications","volume":"16","author":"Carriquiry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Significance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b13","series-title":"Physical characteristics","author":"National Institute of Justice","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15152","article-title":"Accuracy of comparison decisions by forensic firearms examiners","volume":"68","author":"Monson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2024.112287","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of bullet comparison decisions by forensic examiners","volume":"365","author":"Hicklin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0379-0738","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b16","series-title":"Firearms examination: Test no. 23-5261 summary report","author":"Collaborative Testing Services, Inc.","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b17","series-title":"Validation Study of the Accuracy, Repeatability, and Reproducibility of Firearm Comparisons","author":"Bajic","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15258","article-title":"Commentary on: Monson KL, smith ED, peters EM. Accuracy of comparison decisions by forensic firearms examiners","volume":"68","author":"Scurich","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b19","first-page":"28","article-title":"An assessment of the foundational validity of firearms identification using ten consecutively button-rifled barrels","volume":"54","author":"Best","year":"2022","journal-title":"AFTE J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b20","first-page":"197","article-title":"Identification of polygonal barrel sub-family characteristics","volume":"35","author":"Hocherman","year":"2003","journal-title":"AFTE J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b21","article-title":"Is a match really a match? A primer on the procedures and validity of firearm and toolmark identification","volume":"11","author":"Bunch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.5.553","article-title":"What do we know about eyewitness identification?","volume":"48","author":"Wells","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12805","article-title":"Context management toolbox: A linear sequential unmasking (LSU) approach for minimizing cognitive bias in forensic decision making","volume":"60","author":"Dror","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b24","article-title":"Inconclusive decisions and error rates in forensic science","volume":"8","author":"Swofford","year":"2024","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int.: Synerg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/lpr\/mgac011","article-title":"Inconclusives in firearm error rate studies are not \u2018a pass\u2019","volume":"21","author":"Scurich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Law, Probab. Risk","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1470-8396","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Forensic Science International: Synergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589871X25000506?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589871X25000506?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T09:23:57Z","timestamp":1765617837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589871X25000506"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S2589871X25000506"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-871X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-871X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The problem with eliminations: Why forensic comparisons need false negative rates","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2025.100621","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100621"}}