{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:02:55Z","timestamp":1778770975140,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-1-PL01-KA103-080462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1-PL01-KA103-080462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fuel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T10:40:30Z","timestamp":1675075230000},"page":"127526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A review on biomass ignition: Fundamental characteristics, measurements, and predictions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"340","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5810-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Mularski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0005","unstructured":"Government subsidies for electricity generation and combined heat and power (CHP) from solid biomass 2022. https:\/\/trinomics.eu\/project\/government-subsidies-for-electricity-generation-and-combined-heat-and-power-chp-from-solid-biomass\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2011.09.011","article-title":"Numerical investigation of NO emissions from an entrained flow reactor under oxy-coal conditions","volume":"93","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.10.022","article-title":"Dust ignition characteristics of different coal ranks, biomass and solid waste","volume":"237","author":"Rybak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0020","article-title":"Biomass Preprocessing and Pretreatments for Production of Biofuels","author":"Tumuluru","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mechan Chem Therm Method"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03531","article-title":"Biomass torrefaction as an emerging technology to aid in energy production","volume":"6","author":"Mamvura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0030","first-page":"308","article-title":"The effect of torrefaction, slow, and fast pyrolysis on the single particle combustion of agricultural biomass and lignite coal at high heating rates","author":"G\u00fcrel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(00)00137-0","article-title":"Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and chemicals","volume":"42","author":"Demirba\u015f","year":"2001","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2009.11.038","article-title":"Overview of recent advances in thermo-chemical conversion of biomass","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2015.12.021","article-title":"Design and thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid power plant using torrefied biomass and coal blends","volume":"111","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2014.11.074","article-title":"Assessment of self-ignition risks of solid biofuels by thermal analysis","volume":"143","author":"Garcia Torrent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.07.045","article-title":"Influence of the composition of solid biomass in the flammability and susceptibility to spontaneous combustion","volume":"184","author":"Garc\u00eda Torrent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.10.096","article-title":"Experimental determination of self-heating and self-ignition risks associated with the dusts of agricultural materials commonly stored in silos","volume":"175","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5870","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b01065","article-title":"Studies of Ignition Behavior of Biomass Particles in a Down-Fire Reactor for Improving Co-firing Performance","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123456","article-title":"Effects of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin on the ignition behaviors of biomass in a drop tube furnace","volume":"310","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-2180(93)90159-Z","article-title":"An analysis of the ignition of coal dust clouds","volume":"92","author":"Zhang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0961-9534(02)00180-0","article-title":"Drying characteristics of wood cylinders for conditions pertinent to fixed-bed countercurrent gasification","volume":"25","author":"Di Blasi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2019.05.020","article-title":"Numerical simulation of ignition mode and ignition delay time of pulverized biomass particles","volume":"206","author":"Fatehi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2009.02.036","article-title":"A radiant heating wire mesh single-particle biomass combustion apparatus","volume":"88","author":"Flower","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2004.09.023","article-title":"Biomass-coal co-combustion: Opportunity for affordable renewable energy","volume":"84","author":"Baxter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2008.10.023","article-title":"Effects of particle shape and size on devolatilization of biomass particle","volume":"89","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2010.09.007","article-title":"Combustion behavior in air of single particles from three different coal ranks and from sugarcane bagasse","volume":"158","author":"Levendis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2014.11.088","article-title":"Single particle flame-combustion studies on solid biomass fuels","volume":"151","author":"Mason","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10809","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b01457","article-title":"Combustion Behavior of Relatively Large Pulverized Biomass Particles at Rapid Heating Rates","volume":"30","author":"Mock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-2361(02)00369-1","article-title":"An experimental study of biomass ignition","volume":"82","author":"Grotkj\u00e6r","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.04.016","article-title":"Assessment of the devolatilization behavior of fuel pellets in fluidized bed","volume":"115","author":"Miccio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2018.10.006","article-title":"The multi-scale challenges of biomass fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading: Review of the state of art and future research directions","volume":"71","author":"Sharifzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2017.07.004","article-title":"Numerical models for thermochemical degradation of thermally thick woody biomass, and their application in domestic wood heating appliances and grate furnaces","volume":"63","author":"Haberle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2015.12.014","article-title":"Detailed analysis of reacting particles in an entrained-flow gasifier","volume":"144","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1080\/00102200302392","article-title":"Experimental and numerical analysis of sawdust-char combustion reactivity in a drop tube reactor","volume":"175","author":"Meesri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Combust Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2006.12.001","article-title":"Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis","volume":"34","author":"Di Blasi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6940","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.0c04139","article-title":"Recent development in numerical simulations and experimental studies of biomass thermochemical conversion","volume":"35","author":"Fatehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou L. Chapter 3. Fundamentals of Combustion Theory. 2018. Doi: 10.1016\/b978-0-12-813465-8.00003-x.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813465-8.00003-X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.118956","article-title":"Ignition and combustion of single pulverized biomass and coal particles in N2\/O2 and CO2\/O2 environments","volume":"283","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2018.05.095","article-title":"Single particle ignition and combustion of pulverized pine wood, wheat straw, rice husk and grape pomace","volume":"37","author":"Weng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.03.101","article-title":"Temporally and spectrally resolved images of single burning pulverized wheat straw particles","volume":"224","author":"Weng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2011.09.009","article-title":"Combustion behavior of single particles from three different coal ranks and from sugar cane bagasse in O 2\/N 2 and O 2\/CO 2 atmospheres","volume":"159","author":"Khatami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2012.06.019","article-title":"Ignition characteristics of single coal particles from three different ranks in O 2\/N 2 and O 2\/CO 2 atmospheres","volume":"159","author":"Khatami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2014.03.018","article-title":"Combustion of single biomass particles in air and in oxy-fuel conditions","volume":"64","author":"Riaza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2016.11.002","article-title":"Characterising pulverised fuel ignition in a visual drop tube furnace by use of a high-speed imaging technique","volume":"157","author":"Sarroza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2016.06.102","article-title":"Effect of gas temperature and oxygen concentration on single particle ignition behavior of biomass fuels","volume":"36","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-015-6253-3","article-title":"Characterization of single coal particle combustion within oxygen-enriched environments using high-speed OH-PLIF","volume":"121","author":"K\u00f6ser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Phys B Lasers Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2016.07.083","article-title":"Investigation of ignition and volatile combustion of single coal particles within oxygen-enriched atmospheres using high-speed OH-PLIF","volume":"36","author":"K\u00f6ser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0215","first-page":"31","article-title":"Ignition and devolatilization of pulverized bituminous coal particles during oxygen\/carbon dioxide coal combustion","author":"Molina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2011.05.028","article-title":"Pulverized coal stream ignition delay under conventional and oxy-fuel combustion conditions","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Greenh Gas Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2013.05.002","article-title":"Visualizing CH* chemiluminescence in sooting flames","volume":"160","author":"Karnani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.11.032","article-title":"Characterization on hetero-homogeneous ignition of pulverized coal particle streams using CH\u2217chemiluminescence and 3 color pyrometry","volume":"184","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2014.01.010","article-title":"A comparison of various models in predicting ignition delay in single-particle coal combustion","volume":"161","author":"Goshayeshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2018.05.116","article-title":"Multi-parameter diagnostics for high-resolution in-situ measurements of single coal particle combustion","volume":"37","author":"K\u00f6ser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.120101","article-title":"Homogeneous ignition and volatile combustion of single solid fuel particles in air and oxy-fuel conditions","volume":"291","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2008.06.157","article-title":"Particle imaging of ignition and devolatilization of pulverized coal during oxy-fuel combustion","volume":"32","author":"Shaddix","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.06.069","article-title":"Ignition behavior of Turkish biomass and lignite fuels at low and high heating rates","volume":"207","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-6031(95)02727-0","article-title":"Studying the mechanisms of ignition of coal particles by tg-dta","volume":"275","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thermochim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.12.124","article-title":"Comparison of single particle combustion behaviours of raw and torrefied biomass with Turkish lignites","volume":"241","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1021\/ef301343q","article-title":"Experimental study on effects of particle shape and operating conditions on combustion characteristics of single biomass particles","volume":"27","author":"Momeni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2015.02.019","article-title":"Low temperature ignition of biomass","volume":"134","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.06.009","article-title":"Size, shape, and density changes of biomass particles during rapid devolatilization","volume":"206","author":"Holmgren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5b00953","article-title":"Effects of Particle Shrinkage and Devolatilization Models on High-Temperature Biomass Pyrolysis and Gasification","volume":"29","author":"Ku","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.04.051","article-title":"Pulverised wood combustion in a vertical furnace: Experimental and computational analyses","volume":"112","author":"Elfasakhany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b07415","article-title":"Advances in Multiscale Modeling of Lignocellulosic Biomass","volume":"8","author":"Ciesielski","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1021\/ef502204v","article-title":"Biomass particle models with realistic morphology and resolved microstructure for simulations of intraparticle transport phenomena","volume":"29","author":"Ciesielski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10683","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.8b02309","article-title":"Integrated Particle- and Reactor-Scale Simulation of Pine Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed","volume":"32","author":"Pecha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2020.01.017","article-title":"Experimental study on ignition and combustion of coal-rice husk blends pellets in air and oxy-fuel conditions","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Energy Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.121249","article-title":"Experimental and numerical modelling of solid and hollow biomass pellets high-temperature rapid oxy-steam combustion: The effect of integrated CO2\/H2O concentration","volume":"303","author":"Mostafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6463","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.9b01089","article-title":"Ignition and Kinetic Studies: The Influence of Lignin on Biomass Combustion","volume":"33","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0325","first-page":"556","article-title":"Research on the minimum temperature for ignition of agricultural dusts","volume":"24","author":"Tomohiro","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int Chem Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.04.193","article-title":"Biomass pyrolysis - A review of modelling, process parameters and catalytic studies","volume":"50","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116168","article-title":"Torrefaction, pyrolysis and two-stage thermodegradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin","volume":"258","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.01.413","article-title":"A thermogravimetric analysis of lignin char combustion","volume":"158","author":"Farrokh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2020.01.016","article-title":"Comprehensive mechanism of initial stage for lignin pyrolysis","volume":"215","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.01.102","article-title":"Thermal decomposition of castor oil, corn starch, soy protein, lignin, xylan, and cellulose during fast pyrolysis","volume":"278","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116681","article-title":"Vapor\u2013solid interaction among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin","volume":"263","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2006.12.013","article-title":"Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis","volume":"86","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2017.12.003","article-title":"Comparative studies on the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin based on combined kinetics","volume":"92","author":"Yeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Energy Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2022.112142","article-title":"Insight into biomass pyrolysis mechanism based on cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin: Evolution of volatiles and kinetics, elucidation of reaction pathways, and characterization of gas, biochar and bio-oil","volume":"242","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2013.01.012","article-title":"The effect of the biomass components lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose on TGA and fixed bed pyrolysis","volume":"101","author":"Burhenne","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anal Appl Pyrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.03.057","article-title":"A Thermogravimetric study of the characteristics of pyrolysis of cellulose isolated from selected biomass","volume":"220","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2018.10.011","article-title":"Influence of lignocellulose and plant cell walls on biomass char morphology and combustion reactivity","volume":"119","author":"Pang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2019.03.015","article-title":"In-depth comparison of the physicochemical characteristics of bio-char derived from biomass pseudo components: Hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin","volume":"140","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anal Appl Pyrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2017.12.008","article-title":"Studies on combustion behaviours of single biomass particles using a visualization method","volume":"109","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116421","article-title":"Alkali metals association in biomass and their impact on ash melting behaviour","volume":"261","author":"Mlonka-M\u0119drala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2011.06.025","article-title":"Two strategies to reduce gaseous KCl and chlorine in deposits during biomass combustion - Injection of ammonium sulphate and co-combustion with peat","volume":"105","author":"Kassman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2006.11.030","article-title":"The effect of alkali metals on combustion and pyrolysis of Lolium and Festuca grasses, switchgrass and willow","volume":"86","author":"Fahmi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2006.07.093","article-title":"An investigation of the thermal and catalytic behaviour of potassium in biomass combustion","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.08.045","article-title":"Effects of potassium and calcium on the early stages of combustion of single biomass particles","volume":"209","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.05.106","article-title":"Prediction of potassium compounds released from biomass during combustion","volume":"250","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2022.01.014","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects and interactions of initial chlorine and sulphur contents on the release of potassium compounds during biomass combustion","volume":"101","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Energy Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2009.03.038","article-title":"Chemical fractionation for the characterisation of fly ashes from co-combustion of biofuels using different methods for alkali reduction","volume":"88","author":"Pettersson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2008.05.030","article-title":"Application of chemical fractionation methods for characterisation of biofuels, waste derived fuels and CFB co-combustion fly ashes","volume":"87","author":"Pettersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zevenhoven M, Yrjas P, Backman R, Skrifvars BJ, Hupa M. The \u00e5bo akademi database -fuel characterization. Proc 18th Int Conf Fluid Bed Combust 2005 2005:667\u201378. Doi: 10.1115\/fbc2005-78093.","DOI":"10.1115\/FBC2005-78093"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.123570","article-title":"Potassium release during pulverized biomass combustion in a tubular burner investigated by TDLAS","volume":"317","author":"Cen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8887","DOI":"10.3390\/app11198887","article-title":"Potassium release from biomass particles during combustion\u2014real-time in situ tdlas detection and numerical simulation","volume":"11","author":"Qu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2014.06.115","article-title":"LIBS measurements and numerical studies of potassium release during biomass gasification","volume":"35","author":"Fatehi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2016.06.079","article-title":"Modeling of alkali metal release during biomass pyrolysis","volume":"36","author":"Fatehi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2020.06.079","article-title":"Numerical study on K\/S\/Cl release during devolatilization of pulverized biomass at high temperature","volume":"38","author":"Fatehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2013.06.016","article-title":"Ignition and NO emissions of coal and biomass blends under different oxy-fuel atmospheres","volume":"37","author":"Riaza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.02.057","article-title":"Oxy-fuel combustion of coal and biomass blends","volume":"41","author":"Riaza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.09.069","article-title":"An experimental study of ignition and combustion of single biomass pellets in air and oxy-fuel","volume":"188","author":"Shan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2018.04.008","article-title":"Experimental investigation of ignition and combustion characteristics of single coal and biomass particles in O 2 \/N 2 and O 2 \/H 2 O","volume":"92","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Energy Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2008.06.004","article-title":"Characteristics of high heating rate biomass chars prepared under N2 and CO2 atmospheres","volume":"77","author":"Borrego","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Coal Geol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.09.118","article-title":"Evaluation of the combustion characteristics of raw and torrefied grape pomace in a thermogravimetric analyzer and in a drop tube furnace","volume":"212","author":"Botelho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2018.05.096","article-title":"Effect of feedstock water leaching on ignition and PM1.0 emission during biomass combustion in a flat-flame burner reactor","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.07.054","article-title":"Coal particle volatile combustion and flame interaction. Part II: Effects of particle Reynolds number and turbulence","volume":"234","author":"Tufano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.07.045","article-title":"Review on CFD based models for co-firing coal and biomass","volume":"51","author":"Tabet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.117620","article-title":"A review of recent studies of the CFD modelling of coal gasification in entrained flow gasifiers, covering devolatilization, gas-phase reactions, surface reactions, models and kinetics","volume":"271","author":"Mularski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2021.100938","article-title":"Advanced modeling approaches for CFD simulations of coal combustion and gasification","volume":"86","author":"Hasse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.09.096","article-title":"Carrier-phase DNS of pulverized coal particle ignition and volatile burning in a turbulent mixing layer","volume":"212","author":"Rieth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0535","first-page":"37","article-title":"Carrier-Phase DNS of biomass particle ignition and volatile burning in a turbulent mixing layer","volume":"65","author":"Rieth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.118911","article-title":"Predicting the macroscopic combustion characteristics of diverse forms of biomass in p. p. firing","volume":"283","author":"Niksa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4292","DOI":"10.1021\/ef800551t","article-title":"Chemical kinetics of biomass pyrolysis","volume":"22","author":"Ranzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3884","DOI":"10.1021\/ef500525v","article-title":"Pyrolysis of centimeter-scale woody biomass particles: Kinetic modeling and experimental validation","volume":"28","author":"Corbetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6544","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5b01753","article-title":"Extractives Extend the Applicability of Multistep Kinetic Scheme of Biomass Pyrolysis","volume":"29","author":"Debiagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.02.105","article-title":"Coal particle volatile combustion and flame interaction. Part I: Characterization of transient and group effects","volume":"229","author":"Tufano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1285(03)00033-9","article-title":"Coal conversion submodels for design applications at elevated pressures. Part I. Devolatilization and char oxidation","volume":"29","author":"Niksa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0570","article-title":"bio-FLASHCHAIN\u00ae theory for rapid devolatilization of biomass 1","volume":"263","author":"Niksa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lignin devolatilization Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0575","article-title":"bio-FLASHCHAIN\u00ae theory for rapid devolatilization of biomass 2. Predicting total yields for torrefied woods","volume":"263","author":"Niksa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0580","article-title":"bio-FLASHCHAIN\u00ae theory for rapid devolatilization of biomass 3. Predicting total yields for torrefied grasses and agricultural residues","volume":"263","author":"Niksa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(00)80693-1","article-title":"Predicting the rapid devolatilization of diverse forms of biomass with bio-FLASHCHAIN","volume":"28","author":"Niksa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2011.07.003","article-title":"Influence of particle shape and internal thermal gradients of biomass particles on pulverised coal\/biomass co-fired flames","volume":"92","author":"Gubba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.01.008","article-title":"Modelling the pyrolysis of wet wood - I. Three-dimensional formulation and analysis","volume":"50","author":"Yuen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1021\/ef700305r","article-title":"Combustion of a single particle of biomass","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2016.12.018","article-title":"Pyrolysis of large mallee wood particles: Temperature gradients within a pyrolysing particle and effects of moisture content","volume":"158","author":"Hasan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-2361(02)00296-X","article-title":"Modelling wood combustion under fixed bed conditions","volume":"82","author":"Bruch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1021\/ef800006z","article-title":"Comprehensive study of biomass particle combustion","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2509(89)85096-1","article-title":"A model for pyrolysis of wet wood","volume":"44","author":"Alves","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1080\/00102202.2014.883255","article-title":"A comprehensive mathematical model for biomass combustion","volume":"186","author":"Fatehi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Combust Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0630","first-page":"79","article-title":"Kinetic modelling of sawdust and beech wood pyrolysis in drop tube reactors using advanced predictive models","volume":"37","author":"Rabacal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1021\/ef300574n","article-title":"Prediction of tar and light gas during pyrolysis of black liquor and biomass","volume":"26","author":"Fletcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2014.08.014","article-title":"Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin interactions on Arundo donax steam assisted pyrolysis","volume":"110","author":"Giudicianni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anal Appl Pyrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b03445","article-title":"Unresolved Issues on the Kinetic Modeling of Pyrolysis of Woody and Nonwoody Biomass Fuels","volume":"31","author":"Ferreiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1021\/i260036a005","article-title":"Kinetics of thermal decomposition of pulverized coal particles","volume":"9","author":"Badzioch","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(75)80392-4","article-title":"Rapid devolatilization of pulverized coal","volume":"15","author":"Anthony","year":"1975","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(77)80341-X","article-title":"Coal devolatilization at high temperatures","volume":"16","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(79)80016-8","article-title":"Coal devolatilization","volume":"17","author":"Solomon","year":"1979","journal-title":"Coal devolatilization Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2018.03.002","article-title":"Underground coal gasification \u2013 Part II: Fundamental phenomena and modeling","volume":"67","author":"Perkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.04.052","article-title":"An overview of distributed activation energy model and its application in the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass","volume":"36","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.04.104","article-title":"A combined genetic algorithm and least squares fitting procedure for the estimation of the kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis of agricultural residues","volume":"125","author":"Ferreiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(98)80537-7","article-title":"Modeling of biomass pyrolysis kinetics","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0690","first-page":"83","article-title":"General Model of Coal Devolatilization","volume":"32","author":"Solomon","year":"1987","journal-title":"ACS Div Fuel Chem Prepr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0695","first-page":"12123","article-title":"Review of 30 Years of Research Using the Chemical Percolation Devolatilization Model","volume":"33","author":"Fletcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"EnergyFuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.06.011","article-title":"Modelling heat of reaction in biomass pyrolysis with detailed reaction schemes","volume":"206","author":"Anca-Couce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.07.061","article-title":"Kinetic scheme of biomass pyrolysis considering secondary charring reactions","volume":"87","author":"Anca-Couce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0710","first-page":"43","article-title":"Kinetic scheme to predict product composition of biomass torrefaction","volume":"37","author":"Anca-Couce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.11.062","article-title":"Application of a detailed biomass pyrolysis kinetic scheme to hardwood and softwood torrefaction","volume":"167","author":"Anca-Couce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S1540-7489(02)80054-2","article-title":"Modeling biomass devolatilization using the chemical percolation devolatilization model for the main components","volume":"29","author":"Sheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.121726","article-title":"Bio-FLASHCHAIN\u00ae theory for rapid devolatilization of biomass. 4. V.2.0 decomposition mechanism for mineral-free cellulose","volume":"306","author":"Niksa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2015.10.002","article-title":"Reaction mechanisms and multi-scale modelling of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis","volume":"53","author":"Anca-Couce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0735","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"GRI-Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0740","unstructured":"Kazakov A, Frenklach M. Reduced reaction rates based on GRI-Mech 1.2 n.d. http:\/\/combustion.berkeley.edu\/drm\/ (accessed December 8, 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2014.11.030","article-title":"New reaction classes in the kinetic modeling of low temperature oxidation of n-alkanes","volume":"162","author":"Ranzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2012.03.004","article-title":"Hierarchical and comparative kinetic modeling of laminar flame speeds of hydrocarbon and oxygenated fuels","volume":"38","author":"Ranzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2009.09.002","article-title":"An experimental and kinetic modeling study of n-propanol and iso-propanol combustion","volume":"157","author":"Frassoldati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2009.07.023","article-title":"A predictive multi-step kinetic model of coal devolatilization","volume":"89","author":"Sommariva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/kin.20867","article-title":"Reduced Kinetic Schemes of Complex Reaction Systems: Fossil and Biomass-Derived Transportation Fuels: REDUCED KINETIC SCHEMES OF COMPLEX REACTION SYSTEMS","volume":"46","author":"Ranzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Chem Kinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9004","DOI":"10.1021\/ie403272f","article-title":"Lumping and reduction of detailed kinetic schemes: An effective coupling","volume":"53","author":"Stagni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1285(84)90118-7","article-title":"Chemical kinetic modeling of hydrocarbon combustion","volume":"10","author":"Westbrook","year":"1984","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/00102208108946970","article-title":"Simplified Reaction Mechanisms for the Oxidation of Hydrocarbon Fuels in Flames","volume":"27","author":"Dryer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Combust Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-2180(88)90021-1","article-title":"Global reaction schemes for hydrocarbon combustion","volume":"73","author":"Jones","year":"1988","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s10494-014-9551-7","article-title":"Numerical simulation of non-premixed turbulent combustion using the eddy dissipation concept and comparing with the steady laminar flamelet model","volume":"93","author":"Lysenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Flow Turbul Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.2514\/3.2645","article-title":"Two-dimensional radiating gas flow by a moment method","volume":"2","author":"Cheng","year":"1964","journal-title":"AIAA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2007.01.011","article-title":"The ignition, combustion and flame structure of carbon monoxide\/hydrogen mixtures. Note 1: Detailed kinetic modeling of syngas combustion also in presence of nitrogen compounds","volume":"32","author":"Frassoldati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1088\/1364-7830\/5\/4\/309","article-title":"Stochastic simulation of transport and chemical kinetics in turbulent CO\/H2\/N2 flames","volume":"5","author":"Hewson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Combust Theory Model"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2007.02.026","article-title":"The ignition, combustion and flame structure of carbon monoxide\/hydrogen mixtures. Note 2: Fluid dynamics and kinetic aspects of syngas combustion","volume":"32","author":"Cuoci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1021\/i160062a001","article-title":"Diffusion and Reaction in a Stagnant Boundary Layer about a Carbon Particle","volume":"16","author":"Caram","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ind Eng Chem Fundam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.04.011","article-title":"Ignition and combustion of single particles of coal and biomass","volume":"202","author":"Riaza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116334","article-title":"Shape and size transformations of biomass particles during combustion","volume":"261","author":"Riaza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2008.08.001","article-title":"Combustion and gasification rates of lignocellulosic chars","volume":"35","author":"Di Blasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-2180(69)90002-9","article-title":"Rate of combustion of size-graded fractions of char from a low-rank coal between 1 200\u00b0K and 2 000\u00b0K","volume":"13","author":"Field","year":"1969","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/00102207108952290","article-title":"Predicting the Combustion Behaviour of Coal Particles","volume":"3","author":"Baum","year":"1971","journal-title":"Combust Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(82)80281-6","article-title":"The combustion rates of coal chars: A review","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"1982","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-2180(01)00263-2","article-title":"A turnover model for carbon reactivity. I Development","volume":"126","author":"Haynes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(06)80375-9","article-title":"Determination of global kinetics of coal volatiles combustion","volume":"23","author":"Shaw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-2180(97)00240-X","article-title":"A Kinetic Model of Carbon Burnout in Pulverized Coal Combustion","volume":"113","author":"Hurt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(96)80162-7","article-title":"Statistical kinetics for pulverized coal combustion","volume":"26","author":"Hurt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-2180(01)00234-6","article-title":"Semi-global intrinsic kinetics for char combustion modeling\u2020\u2020Entry 2 has also been referred to as \u201cLangmuir kinetics\u201d. The present paper adopts common chemical engineering usage, in which the designation \u201cLangmuir\u201d is applied to the equilibrium adsorption","volume":"125","author":"Hurt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S1540-7489(02)80056-6","article-title":"Char Combustion Reactivities for a Suite of Diverse Solid Fuels and Char-Forming Organic Model Compounds","volume":"29","author":"Lang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2004.08.001","article-title":"Coal conversion submodels for design applications at elevated pressures. Part II. Char gasification","volume":"30","author":"Niksa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.119232","article-title":"Predicting biomass gasification histories with CBK\/G. Part 1. Kinetic parameter assignments","volume":"285","author":"Niksa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.118993","article-title":"Interpreting biomass gasification histories with CBK\/G. Part 2. Extrapolations to entrained-flow gasification conditions","volume":"285","author":"Niksa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(06)80146-3","article-title":"Unified high-temperature char combustion kinetics for a suite of coals of various rank","volume":"24","author":"Hurt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Symp Combust Combust Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(06)80145-1","article-title":"ON THE COMBUSTION KINETICS OF HETEROGENEOUS CHAR PARTICLE POPULATIONS","volume":"24","author":"Hurt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0905","series-title":"Investigation into the roles of surface oxide complexes and their distributions in the carbon-oxygen heterogeneous reaction mechanism","author":"Campbell","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2007.11.002","article-title":"The impact of the distributions of surface oxides and their migration on characterization of the heterogeneous carbon-oxygen reaction","volume":"154","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2008.06.015","article-title":"Modeling char oxidation behavior under Zone II burning conditions at elevated pressures","volume":"156","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2015.05.009","article-title":"Coal and biomass char reactivities in gasification and combustion environments","volume":"162","author":"Tilghman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b02148","article-title":"Comprehensive Char Particle Gasification Model Adequate for Entrained-Flow and Fluidized-Bed Gasifiers","volume":"31","author":"Tilghman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2018.06.022","article-title":"A predictive model of biochar formation and characterization","volume":"134","author":"Debiagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anal Appl Pyrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0935","first-page":"97","article-title":"Yield, composition and active surface area of char from biomass pyrolysis","volume":"65","author":"Debiagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.6b03098","article-title":"Mathematical Modeling of Fast Biomass Pyrolysis and Bio-Oil Formation. Note II: Secondary Gas-Phase Reactions and Bio-Oil Formation","volume":"5","author":"Ranzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.6b03096","article-title":"Mathematical Modeling of Fast Biomass Pyrolysis and Bio-Oil Formation. Note I: Kinetic Mechanism of Biomass Pyrolysis","volume":"5","author":"Ranzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2013.08.014","article-title":"Kinetic modeling of the thermal degradation and combustion of biomass","volume":"110","author":"Ranzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2017.08.007","article-title":"Algae characterization and multistep pyrolysis mechanism","volume":"128","author":"Debiagi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anal Appl Pyrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2004.08.085","article-title":"Co-firing pulverised coal and biomass: a modeling approach","volume":"30","author":"Backreedy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.06.058","article-title":"CFD modelling of co-firing of biomass with coal under oxy-fuel combustion in a large scale power plant","volume":"159","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2013.03.075","article-title":"Effects of firing coal and biomass under oxy-fuel conditions in a power plant boiler using CFD modelling","volume":"113","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1021\/ef201149p","article-title":"Numerical simulation of multifuel combustion in a 200 MW tangentially fired utility boiler","volume":"26","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2009.11.045","article-title":"CFD analysis of the effects of co-firing biomass with coal","volume":"51","author":"Ghenai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2006.12.019","article-title":"Modelling the combustion of pulverized biomass in an industrial combustion test furnace","volume":"86","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2010.05.016","article-title":"Pulverized straw combustion in a low-NOx multifuel burner: Modeling the transition from coal to straw","volume":"89","author":"Mand\u00f8","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2009.05.025","article-title":"Numerical study of co-firing coal and Cynara cardunculus in a 350 MWe utility boiler","volume":"90","author":"Pallar\u00e9s","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.01.018","article-title":"Co-firing straw with coal in a swirl-stabilized dual-feed burner: Modelling and experimental validation","volume":"101","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2010.01.015","article-title":"Burnout of pulverized biomass particles in large scale boiler - Single particle model approach","volume":"34","author":"Saastamoinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.07.075","article-title":"A detailed one-dimensional model of combustion of a woody biomass particle","volume":"102","author":"Haseli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2005.08.012","article-title":"Mathematical modelling of the combustion of a single wood particle","volume":"87","author":"Porteiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1021\/ef0701891","article-title":"A model for the combustion of large particles of densified wood","volume":"21","author":"Porteiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690481029","article-title":"Thermal conversion of biomass: Comprehensive reactor and particle modeling","volume":"48","author":"Wurzenberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIChE J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.10.061","article-title":"Prediction of high-temperature rapid combustion behaviour of woody biomass particles","volume":"165","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.04.027","article-title":"Characterization of biomass combustion at high temperatures based on an upgraded single particle model","volume":"156","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9937","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.1c00283","article-title":"Comprehensive Assessment of Particle-Scale Modeling for Biomass Pyrolysis: One-Dimensional versus Three-Dimensional Models","volume":"35","author":"Mart\u00ed-Rossell\u00f3","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.12.022","article-title":"Study on the ignition behavior and kinetics of combustion of biomass","volume":"142","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2018.10.004","article-title":"Experimental study on the ignition characteristics of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and their mixtures","volume":"92","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Energy Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2012.06.152","article-title":"Flamelet modeling of coal particle ignition","volume":"34","author":"Vascellari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1021\/ef00014a011","article-title":"Chemical Model of Coal Devolatilization Using Percolation Lattice Statistics","volume":"3","author":"Grant","year":"1989","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1021\/ef00019a010","article-title":"Chemical percolation model for devolatilization. 2. Temperature and heating rate effects on product yields","volume":"4","author":"Fletcher","year":"1990","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2005.11.002","article-title":"An algorithm for determining the kinetics of devolatilisation of complex solid fuels from thermogravimetric experiments","volume":"61","author":"Scott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(77)80342-1","article-title":"Rapid devolatilization of pulverized coal in hot combustion gases","volume":"16","author":"Ubhayakar","year":"1977","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2014.03.008","article-title":"The transition of heterogeneous-homogeneous ignitions of dispersed coal particle streams","volume":"161","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.10.011","article-title":"Numerical investigation of influence of homogeneous\/heterogeneous ignition\/combustion mechanisms on ignition point position during pulverized coal combustion in oxygen enriched and recycled flue gases atmosphere","volume":"54","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1090","unstructured":"Ansys Fluent User guide n.d. https:\/\/www.sharcnet.ca\/Software\/Ansys\/18.2.2\/en-us\/help\/ai_sinfo\/flu_intro.html (accessed March 9, 2019)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9850","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.8b01322","article-title":"Characterization on Ignition and Volatile Combustion of Dispersed Coal Particle Streams: In Situ Diagnostics and Transient Modeling","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1100","first-page":"241","article-title":"The determination method of the ignition modes of single coal particle with a transient coal ignition and combustion model","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2021.111693","article-title":"Numerical investigation and assessment of flamelet-based models for the prediction of pulverized solid fuel homogeneous ignition and combustion","volume":"235","author":"Farmand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-2180(94)90055-8","article-title":"The influence of burner injection mode on pulverized coal and biomass co-fired flames","volume":"99","author":"Abbas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2007.03.024","article-title":"Ignition characteristics of coal blends in an entrained flow furnace","volume":"86","author":"Fa\u00fandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.10.033","article-title":"Kinetic models for the oxy-fuel combustion of coal and coal\/biomass blend chars obtained in N2 and CO2 atmospheres","volume":"48","author":"Gil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1285(92)90012-P","article-title":"Interactive processes in gasification and combustion. Part I: Liquid drop arrays and clouds","volume":"18","author":"Annamalai","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1285(93)90010-C","article-title":"Interactive processes in gasification and combustion-II. Isolated carbon, coal and porous char particles","volume":"19","author":"Annamalai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1285(94)90002-7","article-title":"Interactive processes in gasification and combustion -Part III : Coal\/char particle arrays, streams and clouds","volume":"20","author":"Annamalai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-2180(59)90052-5","article-title":"The cooperative mechanism in the ignition of dust dispersions","volume":"3","author":"Cassel","year":"1959","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-2180(89)90101-6","article-title":"Ignition of Coal Particles: A Review","volume":"77","author":"Essenhigh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Combust Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-2361(91)90231-X","article-title":"Autoignition temperatures for coal particles dispersed in air","volume":"70","author":"Hertzberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(06)80378-4","article-title":"THE IGNITION, BURNING RATE AND REACTIVITY OF PETROLEUM COKE","volume":"23","author":"Wall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Symp Combust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116956","article-title":"Study on the combustion behaviours of two high-volatile coal particle streams with high-speed OH-PLIF","volume":"265","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2018.07.002","article-title":"Numerical study of coal particle ignition in air and oxy-atmosphere","volume":"37","author":"Farazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Combust Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.11.029","article-title":"Numerical simulation of ignition in pulverized coal combustion with detailed chemical reaction mechanism","volume":"190","author":"Muto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1175","first-page":"136","article-title":"Experimental investigations of single particle and particle group combustion in a laminar flow reactor using simultaneous volumetric OH-LIF imaging and diffuse backlight-illumination","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526_b1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/745\/3\/032119","article-title":"Direct Numerical Simulation of biomass pyrolysis and combustion with gas phase reactions","volume":"745","author":"Awasthi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"}],"container-title":["Fuel"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016236123001394?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016236123001394?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T01:51:12Z","timestamp":1718761872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016236123001394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":236,"alternative-id":["S0016236123001394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-2361","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A review on biomass ignition: Fundamental characteristics, measurements, and predictions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fuel","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.127526","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"127526"}}