{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:46:38Z","timestamp":1785894398516,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JYTMS20231291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYTMS20231291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fungal Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:39:50Z","timestamp":1782171590000},"page":"101804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological characterization and phytotoxicity divergence of Elsino\u00eb arachidis causing peanut scab in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Siqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzi","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rujun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-41582005000600005","article-title":"Pathogenicity, molecular characterization, and cercosporin content of Brazilian isolates of Cercospora kikuchii","volume":"30","author":"Almeida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fitopatol. Bras."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2018.702.247","article-title":"Morphological variation among different isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from various crops in western Maharashtra, India","volume":"7","author":"Bandgar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-021-01965-5","article-title":"Cercosporin production by Cercospora coffeicola isolates: spectrophotometry and HPLC quantification and image analysis","volume":"76","author":"Botelho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib4","first-page":"23","article-title":"Preliminary study on the investigation of a new peanut disease\u2014scab in Fujian Province","author":"Cai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fujian Nongye Keji"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib5","first-page":"118","article-title":"Occurrence characteristics and prevention measures of peanut scab in Jiaobo Town, Funan County","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"South China Agriculture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-18-0468","article-title":"The CTB1 gene encoding a fungal polyketide synthase is required for cercosporin biosynthesis and fungal virulence of Cercospora nicotianae","volume":"18","author":"Choquer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13870","article-title":"The genetic basis of local adaptation for pathogenic fungi in agricultural ecosystems","volume":"26","author":"Croll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.12675","article-title":"Phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity of Elsino\u00eb ampelina, the causal agent of grapevine anthracnose in Brazil and Australia","volume":"166","author":"dos Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2017.02.001","article-title":"Phylogeny and taxonomy of the scab and spot anthracnose fungus Elsino\u00eb (Myriangiales, Dothideomycetes)","volume":"87","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst012","article-title":"Building phylogenetic trees from molecular data with MEGA","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib11","first-page":"22","article-title":"Occurrence and control of peanut scab","author":"Hu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Prot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483-024-00298-x","article-title":"Trans-kingdom sRNA silencing in the prevention and control of crop Fusarium wilt disease","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib13","first-page":"115","article-title":"Pathogenic function of toxin produced by Elsino\u00eb arachidis and its physiological and biochemical characteristics","volume":"41","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oil Crop Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218391","article-title":"Elsinochrome phytotoxin production and pathogenicity of Elsino\u00eb arachidis isolates in China","volume":"14","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0261487","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261487","article-title":"Genomic analysis of Elsino\u00eb arachidis reveals its potential pathogenic mechanism and the biosynthesis pathway of elsinochrome toxin","volume":"16","author":"Jiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034728","article-title":"Phenotypic diversification is associated with host-induced transposon derepression in the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum","volume":"7","author":"Kasuga","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","article-title":"MEGA7: molecular Evolutionary Genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib18","first-page":"183","article-title":"Mycelial compatibility groups and sensitivity to prothioconazole of Sclerotium rolfsii from peanut in Henan Province","volume":"51","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Prot."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.12702","article-title":"Morphological characterization and optimization of conditions for conidial production of Elsino\u00eb ampelina, the causal organism of grapevine anthracnose","volume":"166","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13076","article-title":"Current status and future prospects of grapevine anthracnose caused by Elsino\u00eb ampelina: an important disease in humid grape-growing regions","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.02234.x","article-title":"Cellular toxicity of elsinochrome phytotoxins produced by the pathogenic fungus, Elsino\u00eb fawcettii causing citrus scab","volume":"177","author":"Liao","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib22","first-page":"272","article-title":"Extraction technology and bioactivity of toxin from Elsino\u00eb arachidis","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Shenyang Agric. Univ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib23","first-page":"159","article-title":"Research progress on control of main peanut diseases in China","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anhui Agric. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12063473","article-title":"Resistance to Elsino\u00eb ampelina and expression of related resistant genes in Vitis rotundifolia Michx","volume":"12","author":"Louime","year":"2011","journal-title":"grapes. Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120215-035203","article-title":"Regulation and role of fungal secondary metabolites","volume":"50","author":"Macheleidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.13343","article-title":"Identification of Elsino\u00eb phaseoli causing bean scab in Kenya and evaluation of sporulation using five adapted techniques","volume":"172","author":"Masheti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib27","first-page":"5249","article-title":"Aggressiveness, diversity and distribution of Alternaria brassicae isolates infecting oilseed brassica in India","volume":"6","author":"Meena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib28","article-title":"Cultural, morphological, and pathogenicity variation in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing wilt of tomato","volume":"2","author":"Nirmaladevi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Batman Univ. J. Life Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-10-19-2144-RE","article-title":"Morphological and pathogenic characterization of Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of southern blight disease on common bean in Uganda","volume":"104","author":"Paparu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2023.11.003","article-title":"Characterisation of the mating-type loci in species of Elsino\u00eb causing scab diseases","volume":"127","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.14015","article-title":"Elsino\u00eb species: the rise of scab diseases","volume":"74","author":"Pham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib32","first-page":"49","article-title":"Occurrence and control of peanut scab","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod. Rural Sci. Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib33","first-page":"212","article-title":"Cultural and morphological variability in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) causing anthracnose of field bean","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharma Innov. J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020305","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence factors of Fusarium graminearum including factors discovered using next generation sequencing technologies and proteomics","volume":"8","author":"Rauwane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16090408","article-title":"The emerging Fusarium graminearum NA3 population produces high levels of mycotoxins in wheat and barley","volume":"16","author":"Rhoades","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s42360-018-0087-y","article-title":"Morphological and cultural variability in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis causing wilt of lentil","volume":"72","author":"Saxena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Phytopathol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.9734\/ijpss\/2023\/v35i214062","article-title":"Morphological variability of Curvularia lunata associated with grain discoloration of rice","volume":"35","author":"Shivakumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Plant Soil Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9671-0","article-title":"Vibrio sp. DSM 14379 pigment production\u2014a competitive advantage in the environment?","volume":"60","author":"Stari\u010d","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11060327","article-title":"Effects of disruption of five FUM genes on Fumonisin biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Fusarium proliferatum","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib41","first-page":"44","article-title":"Occurrence and control techniques of peanut scab in Qingdao","volume":"43","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Peanut Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(06)57006-3","article-title":"Genetic and genomic dissection of the Cochliobolus heterostrophus Tox1 locus controlling biosynthesis of the polyketide virulence factor T-toxin","volume":"57","author":"Turgeon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-080516-035551","article-title":"Adaptation to the host environment by plant-pathogenic fungi","volume":"55","author":"van der Does","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2014.984244","article-title":"Biogeography of Fusarium graminearum species complex and chemotypes: a review","volume":"32","author":"van der Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-10-20-2145-RE","article-title":"Phylogenetic, morphological, and pathogenic characterization of Alternaria Species associated with fruit rot of mandarin in California","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1874437000903010001","article-title":"Factors affecting the production of elsinochrome phytotoxin by the citrus scab pathogen, Elsino\u00eb fawcettii","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open Mycol. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib47","first-page":"613","article-title":"Relationship between pathogenicity differentiation and toxin production of different strains of tree canker pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhejiang A F Univ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib48","first-page":"56","article-title":"Occurrence status and research progress of peanut scab","volume":"42","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Peanut Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib49","first-page":"461","article-title":"Study on ecological suitability evaluation of peanut in China","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oil Crop Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib50","first-page":"46","article-title":"Occurrence and control key points of peanut scab in Tangshan area","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hebei Agric. Univ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib51","first-page":"34","article-title":"Investigation and study on peanut scab-a new disease in Guangdong","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Peanut Sci. Technol (04)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib52","first-page":"19","article-title":"Cause analysis and control strategies for severe outbreak of peanut scab in Liaoning Province in 2011","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"China Plant Prot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib53","first-page":"826","article-title":"Genome-wide mining of PKS gene clusters and bioinformatic analysis of the toxin biosynthesis gene ESCB1 in the peanut scab pathogen","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oil Crop Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib54","first-page":"676","article-title":"Effects of meteorological factors in different ecological regions on peanut yield-related traits","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oil Crop Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib55","first-page":"99","article-title":"Infection conditions of Sphaceloma arachidis and host resistance response in peanut","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oil Crop Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-19-2349-RE","article-title":"Elsino\u00eb australis causing spot anthracnose on poplar in China","volume":"104","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib57","first-page":"159","article-title":"Investigation on occurrence of peanut scab and analysis of epidemic factors in Liaoning Province","volume":"39","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Prot."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804_bib58","first-page":"597","article-title":"Resistance of peanut cultivars to scab and dynamic analysis of epidemic timing in Liaoning Province","volume":"41","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Plant Prot"}],"container-title":["Fungal Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878614626000899?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878614626000899?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:53:45Z","timestamp":1785891225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878614626000899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1878614626000899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-6146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-6146","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphological characterization and phytotoxicity divergence of Elsino\u00eb arachidis causing peanut scab in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fungal Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.funbio.2026.101804","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101804"}}