{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:17:57Z","timestamp":1769753877051,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3625,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Three Gorges University","award":["12ZD14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12ZD14"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Fuel Processing Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,21]],"date-time":"2013-09-21T06:41:51Z","timestamp":1379745711000},"page":"117-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Study on an iron\u2013nickel bimetallic Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis catalyst"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Tingzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hulin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongwang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1039\/B927060D","article-title":"Is a renaissance of coal imminent?\u2014challenges for catalysis","volume":"46","author":"Traa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemical Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/er.1596","article-title":"A review on coal-to-liquid fuels and its coal consumption","volume":"34","author":"H\u00f6\u00f6k","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Energy Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2011.12.018","article-title":"An investigation of the kinetics and mechanism of Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis on Fe\u2013Co\u2013Mn supported catalyst","volume":"96","author":"Arsalanfar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fuel Processing Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2004.08.014","article-title":"Present and future applications of the Fischer\u2013Tropsch process","volume":"276","author":"Dry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis A: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2012.01.003","article-title":"Kinetic study of CO hydrogenation over co-precipitated iron\u2013nickel catalyst","volume":"18","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10562-004-3096-7","article-title":"Strong dependence on pressure of the performance of a Co\/SiO2 catalyst in Fischer\u2013Tropsch slurry reactor synthesis","volume":"100","author":"de la Pe\u00f1a O'Shea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Catalysis Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(03)00304-3","article-title":"Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis: relationship between iron catalyst composition and process variables","volume":"84","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Catalysis Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2008.04.036","article-title":"Effect of reduction pressure on precipitated potassium promoted iron\u2013manganese catalyst for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"345","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis A: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1081\/CR-100101170","article-title":"Kinetics and selectivity of the Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis: a literature review","volume":"41","author":"Laan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Catalysis Reviews: Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1021\/ie060491h","article-title":"Development and testing of a new macro kinetic expression for the iron-based low-temperature Fischer\u2013Tropsch reaction","volume":"45","author":"Botes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(01)00453-9","article-title":"The Fischer\u2013Tropsch process: 1950\u20132000","volume":"71","author":"Dry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Catalysis Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2012.01.008","article-title":"Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis: development of kinetic expression for a sol\u2013gel Fe\u2013Ni\/Al2O3 catalyst","volume":"97","author":"Sarkari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fuel Processing Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.527","article-title":"High quality diesel via the Fischer\u2013Tropsch process-review","volume":"77","author":"Dry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2005.07.127","article-title":"A highly active and stable Fe\u2013Mn catalyst for slurry Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"106","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Catalysis Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00469a029","article-title":"Strong metal-support interactions. Group 8 noble metals supported on titanium dioxide","volume":"100","author":"Tauster","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00811708","article-title":"Metal-support interaction: titania-supported nickel\u2013iron catalysts","volume":"41","author":"Loosdrecht","year":"1996","journal-title":"Catalysis Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1006\/jcat.1999.2735","article-title":"Carbon deposition on iron\u2013nickel during interaction with ethylene\u2013carbon monoxide\u2013hydrogen mixtures","volume":"190","author":"Park","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-9953(09)60068-2","article-title":"Effects of preparation and operation conditions on precipitated iron nickel catalysts for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"19","author":"Feyzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-9834(00)84115-9","article-title":"Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over SiO2-supported Fe\u2013Co, Co\u2013Ni and Ni\u2013Fe bimetallic catalysts","volume":"30","author":"Ishihara","year":"1987","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1021\/ie970680n","article-title":"Titania-supported bimetallic catalysts combined with HZSM-5 for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"37","author":"Jothimurugesan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-9834(00)80719-8","article-title":"New iron\/nickel alloy catalyst for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"57","author":"Cooper","year":"1990","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1246\/cl.1984.1291","article-title":"TiO2-supported Fe\u2013Co, Co\u2013Ni, and Ni\u2013Fe alloy catalysts for Fisher\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"1984","author":"Arai","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chemistry Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9517(81)90081-6","article-title":"Iron alloy Fischer\u2013Tropsch catalysts: III. Conversion dependence of selectivity and water\u2013gas shift","volume":"72","author":"Amelse","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9517(80)90094-9","article-title":"Iron alloy Fischer\u2013Tropsch catalysts: I: carburization studies of the Fe Ni system","volume":"63","author":"Unmuth","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9517(80)90360-7","article-title":"Iron alloy Fischer\u2013Tropsch catalysts: I. Oxidation\u2013reduction studies of the Fe Ni system","volume":"61","author":"Unmuth","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(01)00670-6","article-title":"Preparation, reduction and CO chemisorption properties of cyanide-derived NixFe\/Al2O3 catalysts","volume":"224","author":"Boellaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01491953","article-title":"Nickel\u2013iron catalysts prepared by homogeneous deposition\u2013precipitation of cyanide complexes on a titania support","volume":"2","author":"van de Loosdrecht","year":"1995","journal-title":"Topics in Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-5813(07)60004-8","article-title":"Structural properties and reduction behavior of Ni promoted FeMnK\/SiO2 catalysts for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2010.04.009","article-title":"Study of bimetallic interactions and promoter effects of FeZn, FeMn and FeCr Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis catalysts","volume":"326","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-011-0125-2","article-title":"Co-methanation of CO and CO2 on the NiX\u2013Fe1\u2212X\/Al2O3 catalysts; effect of Fe contents","volume":"28","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2011.10.011","article-title":"Development of a kinetic model for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis over Co\/Ni\/Al2O3 catalyst","volume":"18","author":"Fazlollahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2011.09.007","article-title":"Synthesis of porous NiFe2O4 microparticles and its catalytic properties for methane combustion","volume":"176","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.09.125","article-title":"Nickel\u2013iron layered double hydroxide (LDH): textural properties upon hydrothermal treatments and application on dye sorption","volume":"165","author":"Saiaha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2011.03.164","article-title":"The CO removal performances of Cr-free Fe\/Ni catalysts for high temperature WGSR under LNG reformate condition without additional steam","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2004.02.018","article-title":"Effect of potassium promoter on precipitated iron\u2013manganese catalyst for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"266","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2011.03.017","article-title":"Mossbauer, Raman and X-ray diffraction studies of superparamagnetic NiFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by sol\u2013gel auto-combustion method","volume":"323","author":"Ahlawat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5093(00)00653-5","article-title":"Investigation on interface atomic state in compacted NiFe2O4 nanocrystalline by M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy","volume":"286","author":"Sui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2009.08.018","article-title":"The effect of Cu content on the structure of Ni1\u2212xCuxFe2O4 spinels","volume":"44","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Materials Research Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2009.11.031","article-title":"Size-controlled synthesis and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 hollow nanospheres via a gel-assistant hydrothermal route","volume":"491","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1006\/jcat.1995.1247","article-title":"Activation of precipitated Iron Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis catalysts","volume":"156","author":"Shroff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2008.10.004","article-title":"Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis: catalyst activation of low alpha iron catalyst","volume":"140","author":"Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Catalysis Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4140","DOI":"10.1021\/ie100308f","article-title":"Cobalt Fischer\u2013Tropsch catalysts using nickel promoter as a rhenium substitute to suppress deactivation","volume":"49","author":"Rytter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(96)00242-8","article-title":"Supercritical-phase process for selective synthesis of wax from syngas: catalyst and process development","volume":"36","author":"Fan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Catalysis Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2006.06.025","article-title":"Phase transformation of unpromoted and promoted Fe catalysts and the formation of carbonaceous compounds during Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis reaction","volume":"312","author":"Ning","year":"2006","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s10562-012-0795-3","article-title":"NiFe2O4@SiO2 nanoparticles stabilized by porous silica shells","volume":"142","author":"Shukla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Catalysis Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9517(86)90126-0","article-title":"Effects of potassium and calcination pretreatment on the adsorption and chemical\/physical properties of Fe\/SiO2","volume":"100","author":"Rankin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2005.11.004","article-title":"Study of an iron\u2013manganese Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis catalyst promoted with copper","volume":"237","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013284217689","article-title":"Effects of Zn, Cu, and K promoters on the structure and on the reduction, carburization, and catalytic behavior of iron-based Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis catalysts","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Catalysis Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10562-005-5858-2","article-title":"Novel precipitated iron Fischer\u2013Tropsch catalysts with Fe3O4 coexisting with \u03b1-Fe2O3","volume":"102","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Catalysis Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(99)00149-0","article-title":"Characterization of slurry phase iron catalysts for Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"186","author":"Mansker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5743","DOI":"10.1021\/jp010288u","article-title":"Structure and site evolution of iron oxide catalyst precursors during the Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"105","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry B"}],"container-title":["Fuel Processing Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378382013002762?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378382013002762?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T04:02:59Z","timestamp":1759896179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378382013002762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0378382013002762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-3820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-3820","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Study on an iron\u2013nickel bimetallic Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis catalyst","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Fuel Processing Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuproc.2013.08.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}