{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:17:01Z","timestamp":1791566221218,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gait &amp; Posture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T12:46:26Z","timestamp":1560429986000},"page":"195-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of instrumental analysis of stiff knee gait on treatment appropriateness and associated costs in stroke patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Merlo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Campanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-6362(96)01063-6","article-title":"Hemiparetic gait following stroke. Part 1: characteristics","volume":"4","author":"Olney","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(97)00040-4","article-title":"The modelling of adult spastic paretic stiff-legged gait swing period based on actual kinematic data","volume":"7","author":"Kerrigan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00106-4","article-title":"The importance of swing-phase initial conditions in stiff-knee gait","volume":"36","author":"Goldberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.06.006","article-title":"Contributions of muscles to terminal-swing knee motions vary with walking speed","volume":"40","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"March (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of rectus femoris function during initial swing phase","volume":"9","author":"Nene","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gait Posture [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.12.005","article-title":"Muscles that influence knee flexion velocity in double support: Implications for stiff-knee gait","volume":"37","author":"Goldberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.05.003","article-title":"A method to differentiate the causes of stiff-knee gait in stroke patients","volume":"38","author":"Campanini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait Posture [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00144-1","article-title":"The influence of muscles on knee flexion during the swing phase of gait","volume":"29","author":"Piazza","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.05.030","article-title":"Importance of preswing rectus femoris activity in stiff-knee gait","volume":"41","author":"Reinbolt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.10.008","article-title":"Does the rectus femoris nerve block improve knee recurvatum in adult stroke patients? A kinematic and electromyographic study","volume":"39","author":"Gross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0055","first-page":"361","article-title":"Use of gait parameters to predict the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection in the spastic rectus femoris muscle of stroke patients with stiff knee gait","volume":"51","author":"Roche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med. [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182465feb","article-title":"The effects of onabotulinum toxin a injection into rectus femoris muscle in hemiplegic stroke patients with stiff-knee gait","volume":"91","author":"Tok","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200104000-00002","article-title":"Spastic paretic stiff-legged gait: joint kinetics","volume":"80","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.11.008","article-title":"Effect of chemodenervation of the rectus femoris muscle in adults with a stiff knee gait due to spastic paresis: a systematic review with a meta-analysis in patients with stroke","volume":"95","author":"Tenniglo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2016.1198318","article-title":"High doses of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of post-stroke spasticity: are they safe and effective?","volume":"12","author":"Santamato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol [Internet]"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.516153","article-title":"Effect of simultaneous botulinum toxin injections into several muscles on impairment, activity, participation, and quality of life among stroke patients presenting with a stiff knee gait","volume":"39","author":"Caty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.04.003","article-title":"The effect of botulinum toxin injections on gait control in spastic stroke patients presenting with a stiff-knee gait","volume":"30","author":"Bleyenheuft","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"May 2017","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.07.002","article-title":"Electromyographic activity of the vastus intermedius muscle in patients with stiff-knee gait after stroke. A retrospective observational study","volume":"60","author":"Mazzoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Posture [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.08.010","article-title":"Influence of effort intensity and gastrocnemius stretch on co-contraction and torque production in the healthy and paretic ankle","volume":"124","author":"Vinti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0100","series-title":"Surface Electromyography: Physiology, Engineering and Applications","first-page":"440","article-title":"Applications in movement and gait analysis","author":"Merlo","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.11138\/FNeur\/2017.32.2.089","article-title":"The Italian real-life post-stroke spasticity survey: unmet needs in the management of spasticity with botulinum toxin type A","volume":"32","author":"Picelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Funct Neurol [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.06.004","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A for treating spasticity in adults: costly for French hospitals?","volume":"58","author":"Schnitzler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med. [Internet]"},{"issue":"July (7)","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2017.12.006","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of poststroke distal lower limb spasticity: a randomized trial","volume":"10","author":"Wein","year":"2018","journal-title":"PM&R [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.07.005","article-title":"Relevance of botulinum toxin injection and nerve block of rectus femoris to kinematic and functional parameters of stiff knee gait in hemiplegic adults","volume":"29","author":"Robertson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31824fa9ca","article-title":"Patient registry of outcomes in spasticity care","volume":"91","author":"Esquenazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. [Internet]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0130","series-title":"Ultrasound, Electromyography, Electrical Stimulation; Techniques Aiding More Effective Botulinum Toxin Therapy. In: Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Clinical Medicine [Internet]","first-page":"259","author":"Alter","year":"2018"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0135","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection of the electromechanical delay and its components during voluntary isometric contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle","volume":"5","author":"Begovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Physiol [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0084-7","article-title":"Biceps femoris late latency responses and the \u201cnotching sign\u201d in spasticity","volume":"12","author":"G\u00fcrb\u00fcz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"issue":"July","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.08.003","article-title":"SIAMOC position paper on gait analysis in clinical practice: general requirements, methods and appropriateness. Results of an Italian consensus conference","volume":"58","author":"Benedetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308318837","article-title":"Validation of a speed-based classification system using quantitative measures of walking performance poststroke","volume":"22","author":"Bowden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"}],"container-title":["Gait &amp; Posture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636218314553?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636218314553?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T18:09:23Z","timestamp":1760810963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966636218314553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0966636218314553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-6362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of instrumental analysis of stiff knee gait on treatment appropriateness and associated costs in stroke patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gait & Posture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.06.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}