{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:46:07Z","timestamp":1793216767039,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gait & Posture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T05:12:37Z","timestamp":1618549957000},"page":"177-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of bi-axial ankle strengthening on muscle co-contraction during gait in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4816-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6447-8829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon-Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9624-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hogene","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the 11 th International Congress of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy","first-page":"469","article-title":"The effect of electrogoniometric feedback on knee hyperextension following stroke","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.149393","article-title":"Foot drop: where, why and what to do?","volume":"8","author":"Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pract. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.689","article-title":"Effects of ankle joint mobilization with movement and weight-bearing exercise on knee strength, ankle range of motion, and gait velocity in patients with stroke: a pilot study","volume":"28","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0020","first-page":"61","article-title":"Intensive seated robotic training of the ankle in patients with chronic stroke differentially improves gait","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0025","first-page":"353","article-title":"Muscle strength training, gait performance and physiotherapy after stroke","volume":"99","author":"Lexell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307300697","article-title":"Prospective, blinded, randomized crossover study of gait rehabilitation in stroke patients using the Lokomat gait orthosis","volume":"21","author":"Mayr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310388666","article-title":"Combined passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina46060054","article-title":"Motor control theories and their applications","volume":"46","author":"Latash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090399","article-title":"Proprioceptive acuity assessment via joint position matching: from basic science to general practice","volume":"90","author":"Goble","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2008.10.001","article-title":"Posture, dynamic stability, and voluntary movement","volume":"38","author":"Bouisset","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01160","article-title":"Strength or motor control: what matters in high-functioning stroke?","volume":"9","author":"Lodha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.07.408","article-title":"Fine motor skills predict performance in the Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test after stroke","volume":"128","author":"Allg\u00f6wer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.26810","article-title":"Locomotor-specific measure of spasticity of plantarflexor muscles after stroke","volume":"82","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-016-0158-1","article-title":"Task-specific ankle robotics gait training after stroke: a randomized pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Forrester","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0129","article-title":"Progressive resistance training after stroke: effects on muscle strength, muscle tone, gait performance and perceived participation","volume":"40","author":"Flansbjer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0018","article-title":"Muscle strength and muscle training after stroke","volume":"39","author":"Bohannon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.04.014","article-title":"Effects of passive Bi-axial ankle stretching while walking on uneven terrains in older adults with chronic stroke","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.07.305","article-title":"Feedback-controlled and programmed stretching of the ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors in stroke: effects of a 4-week intervention program","volume":"86","author":"Selles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280010029930","article-title":"Contractures in orthopaedic and neurological conditions: a review of causes and treatment","volume":"23","author":"James","year":"2001","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090012","article-title":"Increasing muscle extensibility: a matter of increasing length or modifying sensation?","volume":"90","author":"Weppler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01417.x","article-title":"Current trends in stroke rehabilitation. A review with focus on brain plasticity","volume":"123","author":"Johansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2014.12.004","article-title":"Force irradiation effects during upper limb diagonal exercises on contralateral muscle activation","volume":"25","author":"Abreu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0115","article-title":"Motor control and learning: a behavioral emphasis","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Kinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198401000-00021","article-title":"Factors affecting balance and ambulation following stroke","author":"Keenan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199903000-00007","article-title":"Analysis of the clinical factors determining natural and maximal gait speeds in adults with A Stroke1","volume":"78","author":"Nadeau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.12.042","article-title":"The relation between ankle impairments and gait velocity and symmetry in people with stroke","volume":"87","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.10.016","article-title":"Lower limb co-contraction during walking in subjects with stroke: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Rosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2008.03.002","article-title":"Age-related differences in postural reaction time and coordination during voluntary sway movements","volume":"27","author":"Tucker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00028-6","article-title":"Coactivation during gait as an adaptive behavior after stroke","volume":"10","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1971.10734898","article-title":"A closed-loop theory of motor learning","volume":"3","author":"Adams","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Mot. Behav."}],"container-title":["Gait & Posture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636221001338?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636221001338?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T18:14:03Z","timestamp":1760811243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966636221001338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0966636221001338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-6362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of bi-axial ankle strengthening on muscle co-contraction during gait in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gait & Posture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}