{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:45:16Z","timestamp":1783723516574,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":311,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007188","name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HU0001\\u201315-2\\u2013003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU0001\\u201315-2\\u2013003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007188","name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110\\u2013417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110\\u2013417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007188","name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HU0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007188","name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003896","name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gait & Posture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T11:12:35Z","timestamp":1637925155000},"page":"284-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lumbopelvic coordination while walking in service members with unilateral lower limb loss: Comparing variabilities derived from vector coding and continuous relative phase"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Joseph G.","family":"Wasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian C.","family":"Acasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross H.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad D.","family":"Hendershot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199904000-00005","article-title":"Phantom limb, residual limb, and back pain after lower extremity amputations","volume":"361","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.11.0147","article-title":"Review of secondary physical conditions associated with lower-limb amputation and long-term prosthesis use","volume":"45","author":"Gailey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib3","article-title":"Understanding low back pain in traumatic lower limb amputees: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Sivapuratharasu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Rehabil. Res. Clin. Transl."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181a10241","article-title":"Quality of life among veterans with war-related unilateral lower extremity amputation: a long-term survey in a prosthesis center in Iran","volume":"23","author":"Taghipour","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130431","article-title":"Stepping asymmetry among individuals with unilateral transtibial limb loss might be functional in terms of gait stability","volume":"94","author":"Hak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1913","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-16-00356","article-title":"Gait and functional outcomes for young, active males with traumatic unilateral transfemoral limb loss","volume":"182","author":"Mahon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.11.005","article-title":"Evaluating asymmetry in prosthetic gait with step-length asymmetry alone is flawed","volume":"35","author":"Roerdink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.136","article-title":"Three-dimensional motions of trunk and pelvis during transfemoral amputee gait","volume":"89","author":"Goujon-Pillet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2013.12.005","article-title":"Three-dimensional joint reaction forces and moments at the low back during over-ground walking in persons with unilateral lower-extremity amputation","volume":"29","author":"Hendershot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. Bristol Avon"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80528-1","article-title":"Prosthetic gait of unilateral transfemoral amputees: A kinematic study","volume":"76","author":"Jaegers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.G. Wasser, J.C. Acasio, R.H. Miller, and B.D. Hendershot, Overall greater demands on the musculoskeletal system at multiple walking speeds in Service members with lower limb loss, J. Appl. Biomech., vol. Ahead of Print, doi: 10.1123\/jab.2020\u20130287.","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2020-0287"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.01.008","article-title":"Persons with lower-limb amputation have impaired trunk postural control while maintaining seated balance","volume":"38","author":"Hendershot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.11.012","article-title":"Asymmetrical movements of the lumbopelvic region: is this a potential mechanism for low back pain in people with lower limb amputation?","volume":"82","author":"Devan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.034","article-title":"\u201cThe prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis among veteran traumatic amputees and nonamputees,\u201d","volume":"86","author":"Norvell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPT.0000281949.48193.d9","article-title":"Optimal movement variability: a new theoretical perspective for neurologic physical therapy","volume":"30","author":"Stergiou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. JNPT"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.01.011","article-title":"A history of low back pain affects pelvis and trunk coordination during a sustained manual materials handling task","volume":"5","author":"Seay","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.11.012","article-title":"Low back pain status affects pelvis-trunk coordination and variability during walking and running","volume":"26","author":"Seay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. Bristol Avon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(98)90092-4","article-title":"A dynamical systems approach to lower extremity running injuries","volume":"14","author":"Hamill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2018.02.004","article-title":"Using relative phase analyses and vector coding to quantify Pelvis-Thorax coordination during lifting\u2014A methodological investigation","volume":"39","author":"Zehr","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/105971230601400103","article-title":"Movement models from sports provide representative task constraints for studying adaptive behavior in human movement systems","volume":"14","author":"Davids","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adapt. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00341-X","article-title":"Limitations in the use and interpretation of continuous relative phase","volume":"36","author":"Peters","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.03.008","article-title":"On the use of continuous relative phase: Review of current approaches and outline for a new standard","volume":"29","author":"Lamb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. Bristol Avon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.12.007","article-title":"Inertial sensor-based measures of gait symmetry and repeatability in people with unilateral lower limb amputation","volume":"72","author":"Clemens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib24","article-title":"Segmental Movement Compensations in Patients with Transtibial Amputation Identified Using Angular Momentum Separation","author":"Gaffney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron. Theses Diss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.01.015","article-title":"Identification of trunk and pelvis movement compensations in patients with transtibial amputation using angular momentum separation","volume":"45","author":"Gaffney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000212","article-title":"Are Gait parameters for through-knee amputees different from matched transfemoral amputees?","volume":"477","author":"Schuett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib27","unstructured":"\u201cBiomechanics & Motor Control of Human Movement 2nd Edition by David Winter.\u201d https:\/\/www.powells.com\/book\/biomechanics-motor-control-of-human-movement-2nd-edition-9780471509080 (Accessed 28 February 2021)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.07.007","article-title":"Two simple methods for determining gait events during treadmill and overground walking using kinematic data","volume":"27","author":"Zeni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.12.032","article-title":"Quantifying lumbar-pelvis coordination during gait using a modified vector coding technique","volume":"47","author":"Needham","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib30","first-page":"407","article-title":"Issues in Quantifying Variability from a Dynamical Systems Perspective","volume":"16","author":"Hamill","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib31","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of pelvic obliquity patterns during gait in persons with transtibial and transfemoral amputation","volume":"37","author":"Michaud","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21962","article-title":"Back pain as a secondary disability in persons with lower limb amputations","volume":"82","author":"Ehde","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.031","article-title":"Phantom pain, residual limb pain, and back pain in amputees: results of a national survey","volume":"86","author":"Ephraim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2006.3177","article-title":"Chronic low back pain in individuals with lower-limb amputation","volume":"6","author":"Kusljugi\u0107","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bosn. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2018.03.006","article-title":"Trunk muscle activation patterns during walking among persons with lower limb loss: influences of walking speed","volume":"40","author":"Butowicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(03)00043-9","article-title":"Coordination of muscle activity to assure stability of the lumbar spine","volume":"13","author":"McGill","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00066-8","article-title":"Adjustments in gait symmetry with walking speed in trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees","volume":"17","author":"Nolan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.02.027","article-title":"Proximal gait adaptations in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Iijima","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.05.014","article-title":"Variability in kinematic coupling assessed by vector coding and continuous relative phase","volume":"43","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech."}],"container-title":["Gait & Posture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636221006093?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636221006093?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T08:06:03Z","timestamp":1778573163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966636221006093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0966636221006093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-6362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lumbopelvic coordination while walking in service members with unilateral lower limb loss: Comparing variabilities derived from vector coding and continuous relative phase","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gait & Posture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}