{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:59:24Z","timestamp":1773226764760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gait &amp; Posture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T12:59:49Z","timestamp":1673355589000},"page":"236-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of external loads and biological sex on coupling variability during load carriage"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Brooke","family":"Hoolihan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wheat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Dascombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Vickery-Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kane","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2015.1132731","article-title":"Self-reported load carriage injuries of military soldiers","volume":"24","author":"Orr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Inj. Contr. Saf. Promot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199908000-00015","article-title":"Epidemiological patterns of musculoskeletal injuries and physical training","volume":"31","author":"Almeida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(99)00173-7","article-title":"High injury rates among female army trainees: a function of gender?","volume":"18","author":"Bell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.18.2.110","article-title":"Variability of stride characteristics and joint coordination among individuals with unilateral patellofemoral pain","volume":"18","author":"Heiderscheit","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514560153","article-title":"Altered lower extremity movement variability in female soccer players during side-step cutting after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"43","author":"Pollard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.11.012","article-title":"Low back pain status affects pelvis-trunk coordination and variability during walking and running","volume":"26","author":"Seay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90119-3","article-title":"Identification of axial rigidity during locomotion in parkinson disease","volume":"80","author":"Van Emmerik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib8","first-page":"29","article-title":"Considerations of movement variability in biomechanics research","author":"James","year":"2004","journal-title":"Innov. Anal. Hum. Mov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPT.0000281949.48193.d9","article-title":"Optimal movement variability: a new theoretical perspective for neurologic physical therapy","volume":"30","author":"Stergiou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.978902","article-title":"A dynamical systems analysis of assisted and unassisted anterior and posterior hand-held load carriage","volume":"58","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.12.018","article-title":"Effects of a hip belt on transverse plane trunk coordination and stability during load carriage","volume":"41","author":"Sharpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2012.02.006","article-title":"Coordination variability during load carriage walking: can it contribute to low back pain","volume":"31","author":"Yen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2020-0340","article-title":"Increases in load carriage magnitude and forced marching change lower-extremity coordination in physically active, recruit-aged women","volume":"37","author":"Dever","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109949","article-title":"Trunk-pelvis coordination during load carriage running","volume":"109","author":"Liew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.040","article-title":"Loaded forced-marching shifts mechanical contributions proximally and disrupts stride-to-stride joint work modulation in recruit aged women","volume":"88","author":"Krajewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.109772","article-title":"Load carriage magnitude and locomotion strategy alter knee total joint moment during bipedal ambulatory tasks in recruit-aged women","volume":"105","author":"Krajewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.582219","article-title":"Load magnitude and locomotion pattern alter locomotor system function in healthy young adult women","volume":"8","author":"Krajewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.05.030","article-title":"Using machine learning and wearable inertial sensor data for the classification of fractal gait patterns in women and men during load carriage","volume":"185","author":"Ahamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.U. Ahamed, K.T. Krajewski, C.C. Johnson, A.J. Sterczala, J.P. Greeves, S.L. Wardle, T.J. O\u2019Leary, Q. Mi, S.D. Flanagan, B.C. Nindl, C. Connaboy, IEEE, Using Wavelet-based Fractal Analysis of Inertial Measurement Unit Signals to Examine Gait Data from Men and Women during a Load Carriage Task, 2020 IEEE 20TH Int. Conf. Bioinforma. Bioeng. (BIBE 2020). (2020) 494\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BIBE50027.2020.00085.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBE50027.2020.00085"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1265139","article-title":"Age and sex influences on running mechanics and coordination variability","volume":"35","author":"Boyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.21.2.143","article-title":"Gender differences in lower extremity coupling variability during an unanticipated cutting maneuver","volume":"21","author":"Pollard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2020.1772379","article-title":"No physiological or biomechanical sex-by-load interactions during treadmill-based load carriage","volume":"63","author":"Vickery-Howe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app11062840","article-title":"Lower-extremity intra-joint coordination and its variability between fallers and non-fallers during gait","volume":"11","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.12.011","article-title":"Trunk, pelvis and lower limb coordination between anticipated and unanticipated sidestep cutting in females","volume":"85","author":"Dutaillis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.207","article-title":"Coordination variability in runners after surgical Achilles tendon repair","volume":"4","author":"Jandacka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Sport. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/10913670701294047","article-title":"Submaximal treadmill exercise test to predict VO2max in fit adults","volume":"11","author":"Vehrs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib27","series-title":"Load Carriage in Military Operations: a review of historical, physiological, biomechanical and medical aspects","author":"Knapik","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1298595","article-title":"Assessing bias: the importance of considering confounding","volume":"3","author":"Skelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid. Based Spine Care. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.12.046","article-title":"Musculoskeletal stiffness changes linearly in response to increasing load during walking gait","volume":"48","author":"Caron","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00087-3","article-title":"Repeatability of gait analysis variables using a marker cluster model and functional determination of joint centres and axes","volume":"36","author":"Besier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.02.003","article-title":"Prediction of the hip joint centre in adults, children, and patients with cerebral palsy based on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"40","author":"Harrington","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Wu, S. Siegler, P. Allard, C. Kirtley, A. Leardini, D. Rosenbaum, M. Whittle, D.D. D\u2019Lima, L. Cristofolini, H. Witte, O. Schmid, I. Stokes, ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion - part I: ankle, hip, and spine, J. Biomech. 35 (2002) 543\u2013548. 10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138397","article-title":"A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: application to the knee","volume":"105","author":"Grood","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.03.008","article-title":"On the use of continuous relative phase: review of current approaches and outline for a new standard","volume":"29","author":"Lamb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v031.i10","article-title":"CircStat: a MATLAB toolbox for circular statistics","volume":"31","author":"Berens","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib36","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.07.031","article-title":"Vector field statistical analysis of kinematic and force trajectories","volume":"46","author":"Pataky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2010.527837","article-title":"One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping in Python","volume":"15","author":"Pataky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib39","series-title":"Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.A. Scott, L. Ramabhai, Comparison of male and female responses to carrying absolute and relative loads while on a three hour military march, in: Proc. IEA 2000\/HFES 2000 Congr., 2000: pp. 161\u2013164.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004401711"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073927","article-title":"Mechanical differences between men and women during overground load carriage at self-selected walking speeds","volume":"19","author":"Middleton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.09.016","article-title":"How to sprain your ankle - a biomechanical case report of an inversion trauma","volume":"46","author":"Gehring","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00090","article-title":"Lower extremity biomechanical changes associated with symmetrical torso loading during simulated marching","volume":"179","author":"Seay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.02.009","article-title":"Lower-limb coordination and variability during gait: the effects of age and walking surface","volume":"85","author":"Ippersiel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.3.1236","article-title":"Relationship between distance running mechanics, running economy, and performance","volume":"63","author":"Williams","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1709561","article-title":"Variability of running coordination in experts and novices: a 3D uncontrolled manifold analysis","volume":"20","author":"M\u00f6hler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1066-1","article-title":"Uncontrolled manifold analysis of segmental angle variability during walking: preadolescents with and without down syndrome","volume":"183","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.09.015","article-title":"Inter-joint coordination of overground versus treadmill walking in young adults","volume":"41","author":"Chiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.11.004","article-title":"Variability of segment coordination using a vector coding technique: reliability analysis for treadmill walking and running","volume":"51","author":"Hafer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"}],"container-title":["Gait &amp; Posture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636223000024?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636223000024?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T18:20:17Z","timestamp":1760811617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966636223000024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0966636223000024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-6362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of external loads and biological sex on coupling variability during load carriage","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gait & Posture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}