{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:33:50Z","timestamp":1787243630199,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gait &amp; Posture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T23:05:14Z","timestamp":1743548714000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lower limb contracture definitions in children and adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Marron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Milnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Conry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Kiernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.02.017","article-title":"Effects of contracture on gait kinematics: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Attias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2014.03.003","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of children with cerebral palsy","volume":"45","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib3","first-page":"257","article-title":"Progressive bone and joint abnormalities of the spine and lower extremities in cerebral palsy","volume":"22","author":"Morrell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiogr. A Rev. Publ. Radiol. Soc. North Am., Inc."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6738","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1971308","article-title":"Relationship between scoliosis, windswept hips and contractures with pain and asymmetries in sitting and supine in 2450 children with cerebral palsy","volume":"44","author":"Casey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05548-7","article-title":"Sequence of flexion contracture development in the lower limb: a longitudinal analysis of 1,071 children with cerebral palsy","volume":"23","author":"Cloodt","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10184128","article-title":"Is the prevalence of equinus foot in cerebral palsy overestimated? Results from a meta-analysis of 4814 feet","volume":"10","author":"Horsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2021.1912941","article-title":"Knee flexion contracture impacts functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy with various degree of involvement: a cross-sectional register study of 2,838 individuals","volume":"92","author":"Pantzar-Castilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.08.002","article-title":"Impact of multilevel joint contractures of the hips, knees and ankles on the Gait Profile score in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"59","author":"Holmes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/children8030252","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pathology in cerebral palsy: a classification system and reliability study","volume":"8","author":"Graham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B11.34385","article-title":"Prevention of dislocation of the hip in children with cerebral palsy: 20-year results of a population-based prevention programme","volume":"96-b","author":"H\u00e4gglund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-284","article-title":"Prevalence of hip dislocation among children with cerebral palsy in regions with and without a surveillance programme: a cross sectional study in Sweden and Norway","volume":"12","author":"Elkamil","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib12","unstructured":"Cerebral Palsy Integrated Pathway Scotland (CPIPS) \u3008https:\/\/apcpcsporguk\/system\/files\/cpips_manual_2017pdf\u3009. 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib13","unstructured":"UPPF\u00d6LJNINGSPROGRAM F.\u00d6.R. Cerebral Pares (CPUP). \u3008https:\/\/cpupse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/CPUPcritical_valuesChildrenpdf\u3009."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073810362266","article-title":"Evaluation of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy using Ashworth and Tardieu Scales compared with laboratory measures","volume":"25","author":"Alhusaini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002310","article-title":"Surgical management of severe equinus deformity in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy","volume":"43","author":"Soufi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13659","article-title":"Demographic and modifiable factors associated with knee contracture in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"60","author":"Cloodt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15804","article-title":"Ankle contractures are frequent among children with cerebral palsy and associated with lower gross motor function and degree of spasticity","volume":"110","author":"Krarup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib19","unstructured":"Joanna Briggs Institute. Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. \u3008https:\/\/jbiglobal\/critical-appraisal-tools\u3009."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.09.005","article-title":"Dynamic versus fixed equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy: how does the triceps surae muscle work?","volume":"91","author":"\u0160vehl\u00edk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib21","unstructured":"C.W. Norkin, D.J. WhiteMeasurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry 2017.."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1992.tb11400.x","article-title":"Peripheral and central mechanisms of hindfoot equinus in childhood hemiplegia","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0958-2592(94)90018-3","article-title":"Combined lengthening of the plantar flexors of the ankle and foot for equinus gait in cerebral palsy","volume":"4","author":"Matsuo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3390\/children9070956","article-title":"Gh, our M, Putz C, Renkawitz T, et al. Defining Equinus Foot in Cerebral Palsy","volume":"9","author":"Horsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01273","article-title":"Is Gastrocnemius tightness a normal finding in children?: a cross-sectional study of 204 Norwegian schoolchildren","volume":"103","author":"Liyanarachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2021.2007558","article-title":"Prevalence of knee contractures is high in children with cerebral palsy in Denmark","volume":"39","author":"Klen\u00f8","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.02.024","article-title":"Effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical management of crouch gait in cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Galey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20976","article-title":"The knee kinematic pattern associated with disruption of the knee extensor mechanism in ambulant patients with diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"23","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15717","article-title":"Hip contractures were associated with low gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"110","author":"Mechlenburg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31824b2a42","article-title":"Hip flexion contracture and diminished functional outcomes in cerebral palsy","volume":"32","author":"Pinero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.09.019","article-title":"The effect of asymmetrical limited hip flexion on seating posture, scoliosis and windswept hip distortion","volume":"71","author":"\u00c1g\u00fastsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Dev. Disabil."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib32","first-page":"Cr323","article-title":"Reliability of goniometric measurements in children with spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"13","author":"Mutlu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib33","first-page":"236","article-title":"Ankle joint range of motion measurements in spastic cerebral palsy children: intraobserver and interobserver reliability and reproducibility of goniometry and visual estimation","volume":"11","author":"Allington","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(00)00068-0","article-title":"The variability of goniometric measurements in ambulatory children with spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"12","author":"McDowell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpb.0000228389.39807.b4","article-title":"Radiographic hip disorders and associated complications in severe cerebral palsy","volume":"16","author":"Boldingh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop. Part B"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14825.x","article-title":"Neurophysiology of lower-limb function in hemiplegic children","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-05035-z","article-title":"Recurrence of knee flexion contracture after surgical correction in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"45","author":"Cheewasukanon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2020.1848154","article-title":"Knee and foot contracture occur earliest in children with cerebral palsy: a longitudinal analysis of 2,693 children","volume":"92","author":"Cloodt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2023.06.003","article-title":"Ex vivo adult stem cell characterization from multiple muscles in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy during early development of contractures","volume":"133","author":"Corvelyn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199404000-00039","article-title":"Chronological outcome of surgical tendoachilles lengthening and natural-history of gastroc-soleus contracture in cerebral-palsy - A 2-part study","volume":"301","author":"Damron","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01300","article-title":"Long-term results after distal rectus femoris transfer as a part of multilevel surgery for the correction of stiff-knee gait in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"94","author":"Dreher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.06.013","article-title":"Muscle architecture in children with cerebral palsy and ankle contractures: an investigation using diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"68","author":"D'Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib43","first-page":"18","article-title":"Intramuscular fat in children with unilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"62","author":"D'Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.05.016","article-title":"Persistent increase in anterior pelvic tilt after hamstring lengthening in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"103","author":"Hanson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-019-00238-2","article-title":"Prevalence and classification of equinus foot in bilateral spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"15","author":"Horsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00003","article-title":"Botulinum toxin as an adjunct to serial casting treatment in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"86","author":"Kay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2015.01.007","article-title":"Relationship between stature and tibial length for children with moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy","volume":"37","author":"Kihara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib48","article-title":"Muscle and tendon morphology alterations in children and adolescents with mild forms of spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"18","author":"Kruse","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11794.x","article-title":"Extensibility of hip adductors in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"36","author":"Lespargot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199711000-00013","article-title":"Dynamic implications of hip flexion contractures","volume":"76","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e32835717b0","article-title":"Mesh Achilles tendon lengthening - a new method to treat equinus deformity in patients with spastic cerebral palsy: surgical technique and early results","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop. -Part B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04362-x","article-title":"The influence of preoperative knee flexion contracture severity on short-term outcome of orthopedic surgery in ambulatory children with bilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"22","author":"Pantzar-Castilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181e4f3a8","article-title":"Excessive hip flexion during gait in patients with static encephalopathy an examination of contributing factors","volume":"30","author":"Rethlefsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib54","first-page":"S150","article-title":"Biomechanical and clinical correlates of stance-phase knee flexion in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy and flexed-knee gait","volume":"6","author":"Rha","year":"2014","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.05.010","article-title":"Crouch gait patterns defined using k-means cluster analysis are related to underlying clinical pathology","volume":"30","author":"Rozumalski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb08203.x","article-title":"Equinus deformity in cerebral palsy: recurrence after tendo Achillis lengthening","volume":"39","author":"Sala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B4.0820535","article-title":"The Baumann procedure for fixed contracture of the gastrosoleus in cerebral palsy: evaluation of function of the ankle after multilevel surgery","volume":"82","author":"Saraph","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Ser. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e32833a5f72","article-title":"Genu recurvatum in cerebral palsy--part A: influence of dynamic and fixed equinus deformity on the timing of knee recurvatum in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"19","author":"Svehl\u00edk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181b76a7c","article-title":"Outcomes of gastrocnemius-soleus complex lengthening for isolated equinus contracture in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"29","author":"Tylkowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.12.035","article-title":"Gastrocnemius and soleus lengths in cerebral palsy equinus gait--differences between children with and without static contracture and effects of gastrocnemius recession","volume":"37","author":"Wren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181e00c80","article-title":"Achilles tendon length and medial gastrocnemius architecture in children with cerebral palsy and equinus gait","volume":"30","author":"Wren","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2003.10.002","article-title":"Classification of equinus in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy - Discrimination between dynamic tightness and fixed contracture","volume":"20","author":"Zwick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gait Posture"}],"container-title":["Gait &amp; Posture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636225001584?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636225001584?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T05:42:51Z","timestamp":1746769371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966636225001584"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0966636225001584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-6362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lower limb contracture definitions in children and adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gait & Posture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.03.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}