{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:16:32Z","timestamp":1787170592300,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009238","name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gait & Posture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T05:08:54Z","timestamp":1744088934000},"page":"118-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of step length alterations on intact limb medial tibiofemoral joint contact force in individuals with unilateral lower limb amputation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0005-8734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Daniel","family":"Syrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Darter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.10.010","article-title":"Incidence of overuse musculoskeletal injuries in military service members with traumatic lower limb amputation","volume":"99","author":"Farrokhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-73-7-344","article-title":"Contralateral lower extremity evaluation with a lower limb prosthesis","volume":"73","author":"Mussman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.08.220","article-title":"The prevalence of osteoarthritis of the intact hip and knee among traumatic leg amputees","volume":"90","author":"Struyf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.09.012","article-title":"Osteoarthritis as a disease of mechanics","volume":"21","author":"Felson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.11.013","article-title":"Biomechanical factors in osteoarthritis","volume":"25","author":"Guilak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib6","article-title":"Higher knee contact forces might underlie increased osteoarthritis rates in high functioning amputees: a pilot study","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.06.006","article-title":"Three-dimensional knee joint contact forces during walking in unilateral transtibial amputees","volume":"47","author":"Silverman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2960","article-title":"Medial knee joint contact force in the intact limb during walking in recently ambulatory service members with unilateral limb loss: a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.02.003","article-title":"Biomechanics and physiological parameters during gait in lower-limb amputees: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Sagawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Error-manipulation gait training for veterans with non-traumatic lower limb amputation: a randomized controlled trial protocol","author":"Kline","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/JPO.0b013e3181cc0e34","article-title":"Differences in the spatiotemporal parameters of transtibial and transfemoral amputee gait","volume":"22","author":"Highsmith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Orthot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.06.013","article-title":"Independent influence of gait speed and step length on stability and fall risk","volume":"32","author":"Espy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.24295","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees","volume":"82","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.01.016","article-title":"Does stride length influence metabolic cost and biomechanical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in obese women?","volume":"25","author":"Russell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4046713","article-title":"Modifying stride length in isolation and in combination with foot progression angle and step width can improve knee kinetics related to osteoarthritis; a preliminary study in healthy subjects","volume":"142","author":"Edd","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2020.110004","article-title":"Decreasing the ambulatory knee adduction moment without increasing the knee flexion moment individually through modifications in footprint parameters: a feasibility study for a dual kinetic change in healthy subjects","volume":"111","author":"Ulrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2023.111449","article-title":"Walking with shorter stride length could improve knee kinetics of patients with medial knee osteoarthritis","volume":"147","author":"Ulrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2023.01.012","article-title":"High tibiofemoral contact and muscle forces during gait are associated with radiographic knee OA progression over 3 years","volume":"41","author":"Amiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187583","article-title":"Medial knee loading is altered in subjects with early osteoarthritis during gait but not during step-up-and-over task","volume":"12","author":"Meireles","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4023151","article-title":"Predicting sagittal plane biomechanics that minimize the axial knee joint contact force during walking","volume":"135","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24031","article-title":"Walking velocity and step length adjustments affect knee joint contact forces in healthy weight and obese adults","volume":"36","author":"Milner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.09.105","article-title":"Reliability and minimal detectible change values for gait kinematics and kinetics in healthy adults","volume":"35","author":"Wilken","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib23","unstructured":"Sensor Locations, n.d. \u3008http:\/\/www.seniam.org\/\u3009 (Accessed January 18, 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.03.014","article-title":"Minimum detectable change for knee joint contact force estimates using an EMG-driven model","volume":"38","author":"Gardinier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20050394","article-title":"Gait coordination after stroke: benefits of acoustically paced treadmill walking","volume":"87","author":"Roerdink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110583","article-title":"Assessing the effects of gait asymmetry: using a split-belt treadmill walking protocol to change step length and peak knee joint contact force symmetry","volume":"125","author":"Syrett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib27","unstructured":"Overview of the OpenSim Workflow, n.d. \u3008https:\/\/simtk-confluence.stanford.edu:8443\/display\/OpenSim\/Overview+of+the+OpenSim+Workflow\u3009 (Accessed July 17, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib28","unstructured":"Gait 2392 and 2354 Models, n.d. \u3008https:\/\/simtk-confluence.stanford.edu\/display\/OpenSim\/Gait+\u20092392+and+\u20092354+Models\u3009 (Accessed July 16, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.12.049","article-title":"How tibiofemoral alignment and contact locations affect predictions of medial and lateral tibiofemoral contact forces","volume":"48","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11960","article-title":"Transtibial limb loss does not increase metabolic cost in three-dimensional computer simulations of human walking","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4049227","article-title":"Hip joint contact loading and muscle forces during running with a transtibial amputation","volume":"143","author":"Sepp","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20255","article-title":"Contributions of muscles, ligaments, and the ground-reaction force to tibiofemoral joint loading during normal gait","volume":"24","author":"Shelburne","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.140376","article-title":"A unified perspective on ankle push-off in human walking","volume":"219","author":"Zelik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000144970.05107.7e","article-title":"The mechanobiology of articular cartilage development and degeneration","volume":"427","author":"Carter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.08.010","article-title":"Knee internal contact force in a varus malaligned phenotype in knee osteoarthritis (KOA)","volume":"25","author":"Dell\u2019Isola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257171","article-title":"Effect of a valgus brace on medial tibiofemoral joint contact force in knee osteoarthritis with varus malalignment: a within-participant cross-over randomised study with an uncontrolled observational longitudinal follow-up","volume":"17","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.12.030","article-title":"Effect of lateral wedged insoles on the knee internal contact forces in medial knee osteoarthritis","volume":"68","author":"Mannisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269331","article-title":"Tibiofemoral contact force differences between flat flexible and stable supportive walking shoes in people with varus-malaligned medial knee osteoarthritis: a randomized cross-over study","volume":"17","author":"Starkey","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0764-0","article-title":"Effect of speed on the energy cost of walking in unilateral traumatic lower limb amputees","volume":"103","author":"Genin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0210121","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4023255","article-title":"Update on grand challenge competition to predict in vivo knee loads","volume":"135","author":"Kinney","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.11.009","article-title":"Is treadmill walking biomechanically comparable to overground walking? A systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Semaan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gait Posture"}],"container-title":["Gait & Posture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636225001675?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636225001675?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T05:43:23Z","timestamp":1746769403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966636225001675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0966636225001675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-6362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of step length alterations on intact limb medial tibiofemoral joint contact force in individuals with unilateral lower limb amputation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gait & Posture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}