{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:43:42Z","timestamp":1790887422175,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gait &amp; Posture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:08:21Z","timestamp":1761898101000},"page":"110025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of running technique characteristics on the patellofemoral joint load: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingze","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100493","article-title":"Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Pedisic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.08.001","article-title":"Effects of running on chronic diseases and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality","volume":"90","author":"Lavie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093885","article-title":"Health benefits of different sport disciplines for adults: systematic review of observational and intervention studies with meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Oja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib4","first-page":"21","article-title":"The proportion of lower limb running injuries by gender, anatomical location and specific pathology: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Francis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00996.x","article-title":"Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Boling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190892","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-5674.2018.00015.1","article-title":"Prevalence of anterior knee pain in marathon runners","volume":"12","author":"Mistry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Physiother. Occup. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2011.09.006","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint stress during running in females with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"19","author":"Wirtz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2017-0229","article-title":"Runners with patellofemoral pain exhibit greater peak patella cartilage stress compared with pain-free runners","volume":"34","author":"Liao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000617","article-title":"Femur rotation increases patella cartilage stress in females with patellofemoral pain","volume":"47","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09605-3","article-title":"Gait retraining as an intervention for patellofemoral pain","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib12","first-page":"549","article-title":"Effect of 12-week gait retraining on patellofemoral joint contact force and patellofemoral joint stress","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Tianjin Inst. Phys. Educ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a78c3a","article-title":"Increasing running step rate reduces patellofemoral joint forces","volume":"46","author":"Lenhart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12383","article-title":"Influence of step length and landing pattern on patellofemoral joint kinetics during running","volume":"25","author":"Willson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib15","series-title":"The Biomechanics Characteristics of Female Runners with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Different Trunk Posture","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.01.006","article-title":"Effects of three gait retraining techniques in runners with patellofemoral pain","volume":"36","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.03.010","article-title":"The effects of gait retraining in runners with patellofemoral pain: a randomized trial","volume":"35","author":"Roper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517736277","article-title":"Gait retraining for the reduction of injury occurrence in novice distance runners: 1-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7275","article-title":"Sound-intensity feedback during running reduces loading rates and impact peak","volume":"47","author":"Tate","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib20","first-page":"1636","article-title":"Running quietly reduces ground reaction force and vertical loading rate and alters foot strike technique","volume":"35","author":"Phan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377","article-title":"The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions","volume":"52","author":"Downs","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.6019","article-title":"Biomechanical differences of foot-strike patterns during running: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004128","article-title":"Leaning the trunk forward decreases patellofemoral joint loading during uneven running","volume":"36","author":"AminiAghdam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.09.593","article-title":"The influence of cadence and shoes on patellofemoral joint kinetics in runners with patellofemoral pain","volume":"21","author":"Bonacci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.02.004","article-title":"Reduced step length reduces knee joint contact forces during running following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction but does not alter inter-limb asymmetry","volume":"43","author":"Bowersock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1321775","article-title":"Lower extremity joint loads in habitual rearfoot and mid\/forefoot strike runners with normal and shortened stride lengths","volume":"36","author":"Boyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib27","first-page":"52","article-title":"Research on the influence of foot strike pattern and heel-to-toe drop of shoes-sole on the stress of patellofemoral joint of runners","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Guangzhou Sport Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.11.002","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint stress measured across three different running techniques","volume":"68","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cumulative patellofemoral force and stress are lower during faster running compared to slower running in recreational runners","author":"Doyle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sensor location influences the associations between IMU and motion capture measurements of impact landing in healthy male and female runners at multiple running speeds","author":"Doyle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.1048655","article-title":"Running gait modifications can lead to immediate reductions in patellofemoral pain","volume":"4","author":"Esculier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Sports Act. Living"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.21.5.277","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint compressive forces in forward and backward running","volume":"21","author":"Flynn","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003194","article-title":"Increasing step frequency reduces patellofemoral joint stress and patellar tendon force impulse more at low running speed","volume":"55","author":"Hagen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.33.737","article-title":"Comparisons of trunk and knee mechanics during various speeds of treadmill running between runners with and without patellofemoral pain: a preliminary study","volume":"33","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31829efcf7","article-title":"Forefoot strikers exhibit lower running-induced knee loading than rearfoot strikers","volume":"45","author":"Kulmala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib36","first-page":"77","article-title":"Effects of 12-week step frequency control training on gait, lower limb stiffness and mechanical characteristics of patellofemoral joint during running","volume":"37","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hebei Inst. Phys. Educ."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib37","first-page":"139","article-title":"A comparative study of patellofemoral joint compression forces produced at the supporting stage of forward and backward running","volume":"22","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Educ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.03.020","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint compression forces in backward and forward running","volume":"45","author":"Roos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3920\/CEP160013","article-title":"Effects of a 10 week footstrike transition in habitual rearfoot runners with patellofemoral pain","volume":"12","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp. Exerc. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13972","article-title":"The effect of speed on Achilles tendon forces and patellofemoral joint stresses in high-performing endurance runners","volume":"31","author":"Starbuck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218957700000136","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint compressive forces during backward and forward running at the same speed","volume":"4","author":"Sussman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.5249","article-title":"Sagittal plane trunk posture influences patellofemoral joint stress during running","volume":"44","author":"Teng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.05.002","article-title":"Short-term effects of a trunk modification program on patellofemoral joint stress in asymptomatic runners","volume":"44","author":"Teng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib44","article-title":"Per-step and cumulative load at three common running injury locations: the effect of speed, surface gradient, and cadence","volume":"34","author":"Van Hooren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000503","article-title":"Patellofemoral joint stress during running with alterations in foot strike pattern","volume":"47","author":"Vannatta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib46","article-title":"Twelve-week gait retraining reduced patellofemoral joint stress during running in male recreational runners","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2023.10.006","article-title":"Influence of foot strike patterns and cadences on patellofemoral joint stress in male runners with patellofemoral pain","volume":"65","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2013.12.016","article-title":"Effects of step length on patellofemoral joint stress in female runners with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"29","author":"Willson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.10.043","article-title":"The effects of body-borne loads and cadence manipulation on patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joint kinetics during running","volume":"49","author":"Willy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2024.12.017","article-title":"Effects of habitual foot strike patterns on patellofemoral joint and Achilles tendon loading in recreational runner","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00369-9","article-title":"Foot strike patterns during overground distance running: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bovalino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-110225","article-title":"Gait retraining from rearfoot strike to forefoot strike does not change running economy","volume":"38","author":"Roper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182465115","article-title":"Foot strike and injury rates in endurance runners: a retrospective study","volume":"44","author":"Daoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120934715","article-title":"Effects of foot strike techniques on running biomechanics: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5872","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62464-3","article-title":"Foot strike pattern during running alters muscle-tendon dynamics of the gastrocnemius and the soleus","volume":"10","author":"Yong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0819-1","article-title":"The effect of foot strike pattern on achilles tendon load during running","volume":"41","author":"Almonroeder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib57","first-page":"525","article-title":"Changes in lower extremity movement and power absorption during forefoot striking and barefoot running","volume":"7","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00504-0","article-title":"What is the effect of changing running step rate on injury, performance and biomechanics? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002891","article-title":"Factors associated with self-selected step rate in high school cross country runners","volume":"35","author":"Luedke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0151","article-title":"Running economy: neuromuscular and joint-stiffness contributions in trained runners","volume":"14","author":"Tam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.02.023","article-title":"Changes in muscle activation patterns when running step rate is increased","volume":"36","author":"Chumanov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.5575","article-title":"Hip muscle loads during running at various step rates","volume":"44","author":"Lenhart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181ebedf4","article-title":"Effects of step rate manipulation on joint mechanics during running","volume":"43","author":"Heiderscheit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.02.012","article-title":"Gluteal muscle activation during running in females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Willson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2016.06.005","article-title":"Running related gluteus medius function in health and injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Semciw","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1664639","article-title":"Step length and grade effects on energy absorption and impact attenuation in running","volume":"20","author":"Baggaley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.064527","article-title":"Muscular strategy shift in human running: dependence of running speed on hip and ankle muscle performance","volume":"215","author":"Dorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1938691","article-title":"Uneven running: How does trunk-leaning affect the lower-limb joint mechanics and energetics?","volume":"22","author":"AminiAghdam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.03.009","article-title":"In-shoe plantar pressure distribution and lower extremity muscle activity patterns of backward compared to forward running on a treadmill","volume":"46","author":"Sterzing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait Posture"}],"container-title":["Gait &amp; Posture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636225007520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636225007520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:33:05Z","timestamp":1773325985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966636225007520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0966636225007520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-6362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of running technique characteristics on the patellofemoral joint load: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gait & Posture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2025.110025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110025"}}