{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:55:57Z","timestamp":1793328957367,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007226","name":"Villanova University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gait & Posture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T08:07:36Z","timestamp":1772525256000},"page":"110136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Predicting gait kinematics in youth with cerebral palsy using clinically informed machine learning algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Lennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"de Jesus Salazar-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Nataraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freeman","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1134-8056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cereceda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"109","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib1","first-page":"8","article-title":"A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy april 2006","volume":"109","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Youth Neurol. Suppl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib2","first-page":"489","article-title":"The role of gait analysis in treating gait abnormalities in cerebral palsy","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop. Clin."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200209000-00020","article-title":"Natural pro-\u02dc gression of gait in youth with cerebral palsy","volume":"22","author":"Bell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.08.022","article-title":"The change in sagittal plane gait patterns from youthhood to maturity in bilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"90","author":"Kanashvili","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cupe.2004.10.002","article-title":"Musculoskeletal problems in cerebral palsy","volume":"15","author":"Quinby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Paediatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.11.1357","article-title":"Prognosis for gross motor function in cerebral palsy: creation of motor development curves","volume":"288","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49883-8","article-title":"Quantitative gait analysis and prediction using artificial intelligence for patients with gait disorders","volume":"13","author":"Ben Chaabane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270121","article-title":"Causal factors affecting gross motor function in youth diagnosed with cerebral palsy","volume":"17","author":"MacWilliams","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.775359","article-title":"Gait function and decline in adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65906","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3289986","article-title":"Explainable machine learning in human gait analysis: a study on youth with cerebral palsy","volume":"11","author":"Slijepcevic","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04143.x","article-title":"Single-event multilevel surgery for youth with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"McGinley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Youth Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00410","article-title":"Single-event multilevel surgery in youth with spastic diplegia: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"93","author":"Thomason","year":"2011","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00457.x","article-title":"Short-term outcome of multilevel surgical intervention in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy compared with the natural history","volume":"46","author":"Gough","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Youth Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13618","article-title":"Long-term development of gait after multilevel surgery in youth with cerebral palsy: a multicentre cohort study","volume":"60","author":"Dreher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Youth Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long-term follow-up after multilevel surgery in cerebral palsy","author":"Visscher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001522","article-title":"Long-term outcomes following multilevel surgery in cerebral palsy","volume":"40","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4023-7","article-title":"Long-term results of multilevel surgery in adults with cerebral palsy","volume":"43","author":"Putz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib18","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Kinematic changes throughout youthhood in youth with cerebral palsy: influence of age and orthopaedic surgery","volume":"11","author":"Lennon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Youth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib19","series-title":"Foundations of Machine Learning","author":"Mohri","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00715","article-title":"Multivariate analysis and machine learning in cerebral palsy research","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.01.009","article-title":"Application of supervised machine learning algorithms in the classification of sagittal gait patterns of cerebral palsy youth with spastic diplegia","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38748-8","article-title":"Explaining the unique nature of individual gait patterns with deep learning","volume":"9","author":"Horst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.09.025","article-title":"Gait classification in youth with cerebral palsy by bayesian approach","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3076366","article-title":"Machine-learning-based prediction of gait events from emg in cerebral palsy youth","volume":"29","author":"Morbidoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.851527","article-title":"Application of a neuro-fuzzy network for gait event detection using electromyography in the youth with cerebral palsy","volume":"52","author":"Lauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.01.015","article-title":"Machine learning approach to gait deviation prediction based on isokinetic data acquired from biometric sensors","volume":"101","author":"Krechowicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.09.032","article-title":"Statistical method for prediction of gait kinematics with gaussian process regression","volume":"47","author":"Yun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5046","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31906-z","article-title":"A comparison of machine learning models\u2019 accuracy in predicting lower-limb joints\u2019 kinematics, kinetics, and muscle forces from wearable sensors","volume":"13","author":"Moghadam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301230","article-title":"Demonstrating the utility of instrumented gait analysis in the treatment of youth with cerebral palsy","volume":"19","author":"Schwartz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.05.020","article-title":"The gait profile score and movement analysis profile","volume":"30","author":"Baker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.01.010","article-title":"Correlations of the gait profile score and the movement analysis profile relative to clinical judgments","volume":"32","author":"Beynon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x","article-title":"Gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy","volume":"39","author":"Palisano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Youth Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib33","series-title":"Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) users manual","author":"Russell","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib34","unstructured":"Diversitydatakids.org, Youth opportunity index 2.0 zip code data, \u3008https:\/\/data.diversitydatakids.org\/dataset\/coi20_zipcodes-youth-opportunity-index-2-0-zip-code-data\u3009, accessed: 2024-10-05 (2020)."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15228","article-title":"Walking activity after multilevel orthopedic surgery in youth with cerebral palsy","volume":"64","author":"Church","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Youth Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.03.29","article-title":"Predictive analytics with gradient boosting in clinical medicine","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9090424","article-title":"Human age prediction based on dna methylation using a gradient boosting regressor","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib38","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib39","unstructured":"G. Van Rossum, et al., Python programming language., in: USENIX annual technical conference, Vol. 41, Santa Clara, CA, 2007, pp. 1\u201336."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib40","first-page":"435","article-title":"Flexed-knee gait in youth with cerebral palsy: a 10-year follow-up study","volume":"7","author":"Haumont","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Youth\u2019S. Orthop."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.06.010","article-title":"Long-term outcome of planovalgus foot surgical correction in youth with cerebral palsy","volume":"52","author":"Kadhim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."}],"container-title":["Gait & Posture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636226000445?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0966636226000445?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:16:18Z","timestamp":1778818578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0966636226000445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0966636226000445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136","relation":{},"ISSN":["0966-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0966-6362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Predicting gait kinematics in youth with cerebral palsy using clinically informed machine learning algorithms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gait & Posture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2026.110136","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110136"}}