{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:15:04Z","timestamp":1782746104598,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G12MD007597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G12MD007597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ghadvances.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastro Hep Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T23:53:49Z","timestamp":1646870029000},"page":"487-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Clinical and Endoscopic Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients With\u00a0Gastrointestinal Bleeding"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4048-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Ashktorab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziano","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Oskrochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Latella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Massironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi G.","family":"Chirumamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeyinka O.","family":"Laiyemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Brim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-021-00699-y","article-title":"SARS-Cov2: a meta-analysis of symptom distribution by continent in 7310 adult COVID-19 infected patients","volume":"32","author":"Singhavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virusdisease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.31486\/toj.20.0086","article-title":"Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19: a review of what we know","volume":"21","author":"Groff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2021.071","article-title":"Acute gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Iqbal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13232","article-title":"Gastrointestinal bleeding in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score matched cohort study","volume":"289","author":"Trindade","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000805","article-title":"Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a matched case-control study","volume":"115","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02243-z","article-title":"Safety of intermediate dose of low molecular weight heparin in COVID-19 patients","volume":"51","author":"Mattioli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.12.022","article-title":"A\u00a0\u201cdouble-hit\u201d damage mechanism can explain self-limited GI bleeding in COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"93","author":"Dioscoridi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912484","article-title":"Timing of endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"382","author":"Lau","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.003","article-title":"Endoscopy units and the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a multicenter experience from Italy","volume":"159","author":"Repici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15132","article-title":"A\u00a0snapshot of urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy care during the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy","volume":"35","author":"D'Ovidio","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2020.1782466","article-title":"The impact of covid-19 pandemic on urgent endoscopy in Italy: a nation-wide multicenter study","volume":"55","author":"Salerno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2020-101592","article-title":"Reduced survival after upper gastrointestinal bleed endoscopy in the COVID-19 era is a secondary effect of the response to the global pandemic: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Tavabie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001465","article-title":"Incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with COVID-19: results of the UMC-19-S12","volume":"56","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01796-4","article-title":"The role of endoscopy and findings in COVID-19 patients, an early North American cohort","volume":"21","author":"Kuftinec","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.045","article-title":"Endoscopic findings in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Lombardy, Italy","volume":"18","author":"Massironi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.07.025","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19 inpatients: incidence and management in a multicenter experience from Northern Italy","volume":"45","author":"Mauro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000710","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease as a common cause of bleeding in patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"115","author":"Melazzini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.101602","article-title":"Anticoagulation does not increase risk of mortality or ICU admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: results from a New York Health System","volume":"45","author":"Rustgi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2020-000578","article-title":"Gastrointestinal mucosal damage in patients with COVID-19 undergoing endoscopy: an international multicentre study","volume":"8","author":"Vanella","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1194-4864","article-title":"Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2013less is more!","volume":"52","author":"Holzwanger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000978","article-title":"Gastrointestinal hemorrhages in patients with COVID-19 managed with transarterial embolization","volume":"116","author":"Ierardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.04.028","article-title":"Management of upper GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"92","author":"Cavaliere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib25","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 217 COVID-19 patients in Northwest Ohio, United States","volume":"13","author":"Balla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047121","article-title":"Prognostic model to identify and quantify risk factors for mortality among hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in the USA","volume":"11","author":"Incerti","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000965","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in Northern Italy: a single-center cohort study","volume":"116","author":"Schettino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000460","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.16.2000460","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020","volume":"25","author":"Colaneri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.011","article-title":"COVID-19 digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes in a large academic hospital in Milan, Italy","volume":"18","author":"Aghemo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.07.049","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, management and in-hospital mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Genoa, Italy","volume":"26","author":"Vena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib31","series-title":"StatPearls [internet]","article-title":"Gastrointestinal bleeding","author":"DiGregorio","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/ljm.v6i0.6283","article-title":"The characteristics of adults with upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to Tripoli Medical Center: a retrospective case-series analysis","volume":"6","author":"Elghuel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Libyan J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib33","series-title":"Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations","article-title":"Hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia","author":"Wilson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14726","article-title":"SARS CoV-2 related microvascular damage and symptoms during and after COVID-19: consequences of capillary transit-time changes, tissue hypoxia and inflammation","volume":"9","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110195","article-title":"New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.10.540","article-title":"COVID-19: pressure ulcers, pain and the cytokine storm","volume":"29","author":"Gefen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004587","article-title":"Corticosteroids and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Narum","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib38","unstructured":"Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Accessed April 4, 2022. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/gastrointestinal-bleeding\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20372732."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.12.009","article-title":"Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: a meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gox006","article-title":"Predictors of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in diabetic ketoacidosis: a retrospective observational study in minority population","volume":"5","author":"Badipatla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib41","first-page":"712","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"94","author":"Odelowo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2009.04.011","article-title":"Gastrointestinal bleeding in the cancer patient","volume":"27","author":"Yarris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib43","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Patients with heart\u00a0failure and preserved ejection fraction are at risk\u00a0of gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"8","author":"Schrutka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.182452","article-title":"Outcome of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with coronary artery disease: a matched case\u2013control study","volume":"22","author":"Thanapirom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Gastro Hep Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772572322000395?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772572322000395?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T11:32:41Z","timestamp":1757417561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772572322000395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772572322000395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5723","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical and Endoscopic Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients With\u00a0Gastrointestinal Bleeding","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastro Hep Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.02.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}