{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T07:56:22Z","timestamp":1780732582524,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008538","name":"PSC Partners Seeking a Cure","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ghadvances.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastro Hep Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T09:21:27Z","timestamp":1720948887000},"page":"944-953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Oral Cholate Challenge Test Quantifies Risk for Liver-Related Clinical Outcomes in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Helmke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kittelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne C.","family":"Imperial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2126-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"McRae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory T.","family":"Everson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21337","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: summary of a workshop","volume":"44","author":"LaRusso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29882","article-title":"Design and endpoints for clinical trials in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"68","author":"Ponsioen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.12.030","article-title":"Baseline values and changes in liver stiffness measured by transient elastography are associated with severity of fibrosis and outcomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"146","author":"Corpechot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30237","article-title":"Simtuzumab for primary sclerosing cholangitis: phase 2 study results with insights on the natural history of the disease","volume":"69","author":"Muir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28256","article-title":"Surrogate endpoints for clinical trials in primary sclerosing cholangitis: review and results from an international PSC Study Group consensus process","volume":"63","author":"Ponsioen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000167","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of liver function","volume":"31","author":"Helmke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03389.x","article-title":"Portal-systemic shunting in patients with fibrosis or cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C: the minimal model for measuring cholate clearances and shunt","volume":"26","author":"Everson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03639.x","article-title":"The spectrum of hepatic functional impairment in compensated chronic hepatitis C: results from the hepatitis C anti-viral long-term treatment against cirrhosis trial","volume":"27","author":"Everson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.04.030","article-title":"HepQuant SHUNT detects portal hypertension in early stages of clinically compensated chronic liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Wieland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500030210","article-title":"Quantitative liver function tests define the functional severity of liver disease in early-stage cirrhosis","volume":"3","author":"Shrestha","year":"1997","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24752","article-title":"Quantitative liver function tests improve the prediction of clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C: results from the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis trial","volume":"55","author":"Everson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03908.x","article-title":"Quantitative tests of liver function measure hepatic improvement after sustained virological response: results from the HALT-C trial","volume":"29","author":"Everson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13980","article-title":"Advances in noninvasive measurement of liver function and physiology: the HepQuant DuO test","volume":"134","author":"McRae","year":"2024","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4559-1","article-title":"Differences in phenotypes and liver transplantation outcomes by age group in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"62","author":"Henson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32152-0","article-title":"Risk factors for liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"2","author":"de Torres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.05.011","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"77","author":"Chazouilleres","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32771","article-title":"AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"77","author":"Bowlus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.032","article-title":"Inter- and intra-individual variation, and limited prognostic utility, of serum alkaline phosphatase in a trial of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"19","author":"Trivedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(94)94899-2","article-title":"Kinetics of hepatic bile acid handling in cholestatic liver disease: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid","volume":"106","author":"Jazrawi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i6.644","article-title":"Evolving role of magnetic resonance techniques in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"25","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28963","article-title":"Validation of the prognostic value of histologic scoring systems in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an international cohort study","volume":"65","author":"de Vries","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26620","article-title":"Radiologic course of primary sclerosing cholangitis: assessment by three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiography and predictive features of progression","volume":"59","author":"Ruiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24250","article-title":"Dynamic gadoxetate-enhanced MRI for the assessment of total and segmental liver function and volume in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"39","author":"Nilsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164224","article-title":"Validation of transient elastography and comparison with spleen length measurement for staging of fibrosis and clinical prognosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Ehlken","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.03.013","article-title":"Simple magnetic resonance scores associate with outcomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"17","author":"Lemoinne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23082","article-title":"High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"50","author":"Lindor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13786","article-title":"Within individual reproducibility of a dual sample oral cholate challenge test (DuO) and other simplified versions of the HepQuant test","volume":"17","author":"McRae","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.2.123","article-title":"Plasma clearance of oral and intravenous cholic acid in subjects with and without chronic liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Gilmore","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.117.077115","article-title":"The phenomenon of albumin-mediated hepatic uptake of organic anion transport polypeptide substrates: prediction of the in\u00a0vivo uptake clearance from the in\u00a0vitro uptake by isolated hepatocytes using a facilitated-dissociation model","volume":"46","author":"Seiji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G797","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1995.268.5.G797","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a basolateral dicarboxylate\/cholate antiport system in rat hepatocytes","volume":"268","author":"Boelsterli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2001.021004247.x","article-title":"Expression of hepatic transporters OATP-C and MRP2 in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"21","author":"Oswald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260429","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of the promoter region of the human organic anion transporting polypeptide gene","volume":"26","author":"Kullak-Ublick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(96)06305-X","article-title":"Hepatic levels of bile acids in end-stage chronic cholestatic liver disease","volume":"251","author":"Fischer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2005.08.016","article-title":"Differentiated quantification of human bile acids in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"826","author":"Burkard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.247","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of bile acids in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: a simple and rapid one-step method","volume":"41","author":"Tagliacozzi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.22.2647","article-title":"The continuing importance of bile acids in liver and intestinal disease","volume":"159","author":"Hofmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Gastro Hep Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772572324000992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772572324000992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]],"date-time":"2024-11-24T02:48:30Z","timestamp":1732416510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772572324000992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772572324000992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5723","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Oral Cholate Challenge Test Quantifies Risk for Liver-Related Clinical Outcomes in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastro Hep Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.07.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}