{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T20:34:08Z","timestamp":1775075648141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF21OC0068631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF21OC0068631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UKRI Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S034919\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S034919\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001732","name":"Danish National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNRF148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNRF148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ghadvances.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastro Hep Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T02:01:20Z","timestamp":1729735280000},"page":"100581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Adverse Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes Following Acute COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0805-6485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelin Shaloom","family":"Vitus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simran","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlie W.","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Jess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahma","family":"Elmahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.10.001","article-title":"Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review","volume":"142","author":"Molodecky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06005","article-title":"Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"448","author":"Xavier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2017.07.010","article-title":"An update on inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"44","author":"Sairenji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prim Care Clin Off Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1353848","article-title":"The risk of inflammatory bowel disease flares after fecal microbiota transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Qazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.26279","article-title":"The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study","volume":"121","author":"Faubion","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.136","article-title":"Environmental triggers in IBD: a review of progress and evidence","volume":"15","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep1004","article-title":"Infections and IBD","volume":"5","author":"Irving","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1097\/01.meg.0000131040.38607.09","article-title":"Enteric infection in relapse of inflammatory bowel disease: importance of microbiological examination of stool","volume":"16","author":"Mylonaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.001","article-title":"Increased short- and long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease after Salmonella or Campylobacter gastroenteritis","volume":"137","author":"Gradel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31818255cc","article-title":"Gastrointestinal norovirus infection associated with exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"48","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib12","article-title":"Impact of Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa036","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis and cytomegalovirus infection: from A to Z","volume":"14","author":"Mourad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010104","article-title":"Enteric viruses and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Tarris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.045","article-title":"Multiomics evaluation of gastrointestinal and other clinical characteristics of COVID-19","volume":"158","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111233","article-title":"COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease: a pathophysiological assessment","volume":"135","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.04.037","article-title":"Postacute COVID-19 is characterized by gut viral antigen persistence in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"163","author":"Zollner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324388","article-title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses are attenuated in patients with IBD treated with infliximab","volume":"70","author":"Kennedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab207","article-title":"Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after infection or vaccination in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"28","author":"Dailey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa205","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with inflammatory bowel disease-A Danish prospective population-based cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Attauabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab236","article-title":"COVID-19 and outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Tripathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108602","article-title":"A tool to assess risk of bias in non-randomized follow-up studies of exposure effects (ROBINS-E)","volume":"186","author":"Higgins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19741-6","article-title":"Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission","volume":"11","author":"Peckham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib25","first-page":"315","article-title":"Health-related quality of life decline in clinically stable inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"1","author":"Herrera-de Guise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.06.008","article-title":"No durable impact of COVID-19 on intestinal disease activity in subjects with IBD","volume":"19","author":"Lukin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad070","article-title":"COVID-19 does not lead to an increase in corticosteroid prescriptions in IBD patients: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"29","author":"N\u00f8rg\u00e5rd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac091","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on patients with IBD in a prospective European cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Amiot","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040843","article-title":"Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the course of inflammatory bowel disease in patients treated with biological therapeutic agents: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Papa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16730","article-title":"Incidence, outcomes, and impact of COVID-19 on inflammatory bowel disease: propensity matched research network analysis","volume":"55","author":"Hadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848221132363","article-title":"COVID-19 is not associated with worse long-term inflammatory bowel disease outcomes: a multicenter case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac173","article-title":"IBD flare in the COVID-19 pandemic: therapy discontinuation is to blame","volume":"29","author":"Bezzio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25429-2","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 outcomes: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Abdulla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib34","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and impact on disease course in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"2021","author":"Wetwittayakhlang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa221","article-title":"Incidence, clinical characteristics, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a single-center study in Madrid, Spain","volume":"27","author":"Guerra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib36","first-page":"5575","article-title":"Long COVID in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"10","author":"Salvatori","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01840-0","article-title":"Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"28","author":"Al-Aly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00042-X","article-title":"Comparative vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time in US hospital administrative data: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002729","article-title":"Corona virus disease 2019 and paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: global experience and provisional guidance (March 2020) from the paediatric IBD porto group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition","volume":"70","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"}],"container-title":["Gastro Hep Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772572324001766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772572324001766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T22:29:54Z","timestamp":1745015394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772572324001766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772572324001766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5723","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Adverse Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes Following Acute COVID-19","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastro Hep Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.10.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100581"}}