{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:18:21Z","timestamp":1790144301757,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":112,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ghadvances.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastro Hep Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T12:17:37Z","timestamp":1745842657000},"page":"100690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nonselective Beta-Blocker Associated With Decreased Mortality in Patients With Gastric Varices"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7463-1743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca H.","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanie","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandeep","family":"Sahota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906","article-title":"Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"65","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.01.027","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on management of bleeding gastric varices: expert review","volume":"19","author":"Henry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","article-title":"Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160607","article-title":"Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: a long-term follow-up study in 568 portal hypertension patients","volume":"16","author":"Sarin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.172990","article-title":"Gastric varices: classification, endoscopic and ultrasonographic management","volume":"20","author":"Wani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib6","first-page":"236","article-title":"Assessing the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding","volume":"101","author":"Sempere","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i15.2379","article-title":"Factors influencing clinical outcomes of Histoacryl(R) glue injection-treated gastric variceal hemorrhage","volume":"19","author":"Prachayakul","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8187","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90063-X","article-title":"Propranolol--a medical treatment for portal hypertension?","volume":"2","author":"Lebrec","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007133","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension: an evidence-based approach","volume":"19","author":"D'Amico","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105303242202","volume":"324","author":"Poynard","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib11","article-title":"Beta-blockers in cirrhosis: evidence-based indications and limitations","volume":"2","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02038.x","article-title":"beta-Blockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Senzolo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15559","article-title":"Carvedilol as the new non-selective beta-blocker of choice in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Turco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28264","article-title":"Development of hyperdynamic circulation and response to beta-blockers in compensated cirrhosis with portal hypertension","volume":"63","author":"Villanueva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10181","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31875-0","article-title":"Beta blockers to prevent decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (PREDESCI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial","volume":"393","author":"Villanueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17380","article-title":"Review article: controversies surrounding the use of carvedilol and other beta blockers in the management of portal hypertension and cirrhosis","volume":"57","author":"Gillespie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0901512","article-title":"Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"362","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198112033052302","article-title":"Propranolol for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: a controlled study","volume":"305","author":"Lebrec","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710013171403","article-title":"Propranolol in the prevention of first upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices","volume":"317","author":"Pascal","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1159\/000330292","article-title":"The white nipple sign: please do not disturb","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.09.031","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis of gastric variceal bleeding comparing cyanoacrylate injection and beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Mishra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1504367","article-title":"Treatment of patients with cirrhosis","volume":"375","author":"Ge","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31884","article-title":"Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"74","author":"Biggins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000025","article-title":"Impact of ethnicity in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage","volume":"48","author":"Wollenman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.22419","article-title":"Analysis of hospitalization and mortality by race and ethnicity among adults with variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 2008-2018","volume":"5","author":"Farooq","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0674-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes: health disparities among persons of hispanic origin","volume":"15","author":"Lazo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20466","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity","volume":"40","author":"Browning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.04.027","article-title":"Chronic liver disease in the Hispanic population of the United States","volume":"9","author":"Carrion","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Gastro Hep Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772572325000779?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772572325000779?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T10:19:37Z","timestamp":1758622777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772572325000779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772572325000779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-5723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-5723","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nonselective Beta-Blocker Associated With Decreased Mortality in Patients With Gastric Varices","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastro Hep Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100690","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100690"}}