{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:23:44Z","timestamp":1776749024603,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,24]],"date-time":"2009-01-24T09:21:32Z","timestamp":1232788892000},"page":"1970-1999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["\u2018Invisible gold\u2019 in bismuth chalcogenides"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Cristiana L.","family":"Ciobanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel J.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Pring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Brugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonid V.","family":"Danyushevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.minpro.2003.09.002","article-title":"Variations in the compositional, textural and electrical properties of natural pyrite: a review","volume":"74","author":"Abraitis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Miner. Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alm E. and Sundblad K. (1994) Sveconorwegian polymetallic quartz veins in Sweden. N. Jb. Miner. Mh., 1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1127\/njmm\/1994\/1994\/1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.88.1.171","article-title":"Gold and arsenic in iron sulfides from sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits: implication for depositional processes","volume":"88","author":"Arehart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Econ. Geol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib4","first-page":"10","article-title":"A comparison of granite-related tin, tungsten, and gold\u2013bismuth deposits: implications for exploration","volume":"61","author":"Baker","year":"2005","journal-title":"SEG Newslett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib5","unstructured":"Bobrov O. B., Merkushin I. E., Sergienko V. M., Pogukaj V. I., Mudrovska I. V., Voloshyn O. A., Lysenko O. A., Malyuk B. I., Nechaev S. V., Ponomarenko O. M., Sivoronov A. O., Stepanyuk L. M., Skobelev V. M., Semka V. A., Zagnitko V. M., Turchanovskiy I. M. (2006) Object B2. Mayske gold deposit. In: International Field Workshop (eds. O. B. Bobrov and 26 co-editors). IAGOD Guidebook Series. Carpathians and Ukrainian Shield, Ukraine (CD-ROM)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108768190011041","article-title":"Bond-valence parameters for solids","volume":"B47","author":"Brese","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Cryst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib7","first-page":"333","article-title":"Die Sichtbarmachung des feinverteilten Goldes in goldhoffigen Erzen und ihre wirtschaftliche Bedeutung","volume":"27","author":"B\u00fcrg","year":"1930","journal-title":"Metall. u. Erz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2113\/gscanmin.38.5.1265","article-title":"Chemical speciation of gold in arsenopyrite","volume":"38","author":"Cabri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00710-006-0127-7","article-title":"Tellurides, selenides and Bi\u2013mineral assemblages from the R\u00edo Narcea Gold Belt, Asturias, Spain: genetic implications in Cu\u2013Au and Au skarns","volume":"87","author":"Cepedal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Miner. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1127\/0935-1221\/2000\/0012-0899","article-title":"Intergrowths of bismuth sulphosalts from the Ocna de Fier Fe-skarn deposit, Banat, Southwest Romania","volume":"12","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00126-002-0272-9","article-title":"Regional setting and geochronology of the Late Cretaceous banatitic magmatic and metallogenic belt","volume":"37","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Miner. Deposita"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oregeorev.2003.04.002","article-title":"Skarn textures: a case study of the Ocna de Fier-Dognecea orefield, Banat, Romania","volume":"24","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ore Geol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1180\/0026461046820187","article-title":"Micron- to nano-scale intergrowths among members of the cuprobismutite series and pad\u0115raite: HRTEM and microanalytical evidence","volume":"68","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Miner. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib14","unstructured":"Ciobanu C. L., G\u0103budeanu B. and Cook N. J. (2004b) Neogene ore deposits and metallogeny of the Golden Quadrilateral, South Apuseni Mountains, Romania. In: Gold\u2013Silver\u2013Telluride Deposits of the Golden Quadrilateral, South Apuseni Mts., Romania. IAGOD Guidebook Series 12, pp. 23\u201388."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib1a","series-title":"Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Bismuth tellurides as gold scavengers","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00710-006-0133-9","article-title":"Telluride and selenide minerals in gold deposits\u2014how and why?","volume":"87","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Miner. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00710-006-0125-9","article-title":"Gold scavenged by bismuth melts: an example from Alpine shear-remobilisates in the Highi\u015f Massif, Romania","volume":"87","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Miner. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib17","unstructured":"Ciobanu C. L., Mavrogenes J., Cook N. J. and Shimizu M. (2007a) Au\u2013Bi\u2013Te melts: Annealing\u2013quenching experiments on samples from the Oya deposit (Japan). In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv. Finland Opas 53, pp. 15\u201322."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib18","unstructured":"Ciobanu C. L., Cook N. J., Mavrogenes J., Damian G. and Damian F. (2007b) Au\u2013Pb\u2013Te melts: annealing\u2013quenching experiments on samples from the Musariu gold deposit, Brad District (Romania). In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv Finland Opas 53, pp. 5\u201313."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib19","first-page":"626","article-title":"Au\u2013Bi\u2013Te\u2013S assemblages from Maldon gold deposit, Victoria, Australia","volume":"39","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2007","journal-title":"GSA Abstr. Programs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00710-007-0220-6","article-title":"Another look at nagy\u00e1gite from the type locality, Sacarimb, Romania: replacement, chemical variation and petrogenetic implications","volume":"93","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Miner. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciobanu C. L., Pring A., Cook N. J., Self P., Jefferson D., Dima G. I. and Melnikov V. (2009) Chemical and structural modulations in the tetradymite group: a HRTEM study. Amer. Miner. 94, 517\u2013534.","DOI":"10.2138\/am.2009.2906"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s001260050266","article-title":"Geological characteristics, tectonic setting and preliminary interpretations of the Jilau gold\u2013quartz vein deposit, Tajikistan","volume":"35","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Miner. Deposita"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Concentrations of invisible gold in the common sulfides","volume":"28","author":"Cook","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook N. J. and Ciobanu C. L. (2003a) Cervelleite, Ag4TeS, from three localities in Romania, substitution of Cu, and the occurrence of the associated phase, Ag2Cu2TeS. Neues Jb. Miner. Monatsh, 321\u2013336.","DOI":"10.1127\/0028-3649\/2003\/2003-0321"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2113\/gscanmin.41.2.441","article-title":"Lamellar minerals of the cuprobismutite series and related paderaite: a new occurrence and implications","volume":"41","author":"Cook","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1180\/0026461046820188","article-title":"Bismuth tellurides and sulphosalts from the Larga hydrothermal system, Metaliferi Mts., Romania: paragenesis and genetic significance","volume":"68","author":"Cook","year":"2004","journal-title":"Miner. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2113\/gscanmin.45.4.665","article-title":"Minerals of the system Bi\u2013Te\u2013Se\u2013S related to the tetradymite archetype: review of classification and compositional variation","volume":"45","author":"Cook","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2113\/gscanmin.45.3.417","article-title":"Compositional data for Pb\u2013Bi tellurosulphides","volume":"45","author":"Cook","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib29","unstructured":"Cook N. J., Ciobanu C. L. and Danyushevskiy L. (2007c) LA-ICP-MS determination of gold in Bi-minerals from deposits in the Fennoscandian Shield. In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv Finland Opas 53, pp. 23\u201330."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib30","unstructured":"Cook N. J., Ciobanu C. L. and Howard W. R. (2007d) Bi-tellurides in gold veins, BiTeKnoll (CLY prospect), southeastern British Columbia, Canada. In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv Finland Opas 53, pp. 31\u201337."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib31","series-title":"Minerals of the English Lake District. Caldbeck Fells.","author":"Cooper","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib32","unstructured":"Damian Fl., CiobanuC. L., Cook N. J. and Damian G. (2004) Lead\u2013bismuth sulphotellurides and related minerals in the Upper Cretaceous Baita Bihor Cu\u2013Mo\u2013Zn\u2013Pb\u2013Ag\u2013Au skarn, North Apuseni Mts., Romania. In Gold\u2013Silver\u2013Telluride Deposits of the Golden Quadrilateral, South Apuseni Mts., Romania. IAGOD Guidebook Series 12, pp. 221\u2013225."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1127\/0077-7757\/2008\/0118","article-title":"Bismuth sulphosalts from the galena\u2013matildite series in the Cremenea vein, Suior, Baia Mare district, Romania","volume":"185","author":"Damian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neues Jb. Miner. Abh."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib34","first-page":"A73","article-title":"LA-ICPMS of sulphides: evaluation of an XRF glass disc standard for analysis of different sulphide matrixes","volume":"67","author":"Danyushevsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib35","unstructured":"Danyushevsky L. V., Robinson P., Gilbert S., Norman M., Large R., McGoldrickP. and Shelley J. M. G. (in press) A technique for routine quantitative multi-element analysis of sulphide minerals by laser ablation ICP-MS. Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib36","first-page":"135","article-title":"The liquid bismuth collector model: an alternative gold deposition mechanism","volume":"59","author":"Douglas","year":"2000","journal-title":"AGC Abstr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4596(90)90330-Z","article-title":"Continuous series of one-dimensional structures in compounds based on M2X3 (M=Sb, Bi, X=Se, Te)","volume":"84","author":"Frangis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2113\/gscanmin.40.1.1","article-title":"Partial melting of sulfide ore during medium- and high-grade metamorphism","volume":"40","author":"Frost","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib39","first-page":"653","article-title":"The gold\u2013bismuth\u2013tellurium system","volume":"65","author":"Gather","year":"1974","journal-title":"Z. Metall."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5408(95)00030-5","article-title":"Charge balance in some BixSey phases through atomic structure determination and band structure calculations","volume":"30","author":"Gaudin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib41","unstructured":"Geological Survey of Japan (1980) Mines Summary Reports. Vol. 1, North-East Japan and Vol. 2, South-West Japan. Report No. 260, appendices 1 and 2, 310 pp. and 266 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib42","unstructured":"Gregory L. M. (1994) Contact Metamorphism and Quartz Vein textures at Maldon, Victoria: Implications for the Timing of Gold Mineralisation. B.Sc. Hons. Thesis, University of Ballarat, Ballarat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib43","unstructured":"Howard W. R. (2007) Structural setting and geochemical correlations in bismuth (sulfo) telluride\u2014native gold\u2013bearing veins, CLY Group, British Columbia, Canada: a reduced intrusion-related gold system. In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv Finland Opas 53, pp. 45\u201350."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib44","series-title":"Excursion Guidebook; Au, Ag, and Cu Deposits of Uzbekistan","first-page":"91","article-title":"The Kochbulak\u2013Kairagach ore field","author":"Islamov","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib45","first-page":"99","article-title":"Rucklidgeite solid-solution in the Yanahara deposit, Japan","volume":"31","author":"Kase","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib46","unstructured":"Koneev R., Cook N. J., Ciobanu C. L., Mun Y., Khalmatov R. and Jukov A. (2008) Tellurides and selenides of gold and gold-silver deposits of Uzbekistan (Western Tien-Shan): geochemistry, nanomineralogy and application as indicator minerals in exploration. In 33rd Intern. Geol. Congr., Oslo, Aug. 6th\u201314th 2008, abstract (CD-ROM)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib47","first-page":"213","article-title":"Timing of the Ditrau alkaline intrusive complex (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)","volume":"4","author":"Kra\u00fctner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Slovak Geol. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-8388(97)00228-4","article-title":"X-ray structure determination and superconductivity of a new layered misfit compound with franckeite-like stacking [(Pb,Sb)S]2.28NbS2","volume":"261","author":"Lafond","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108767389008834","article-title":"Nomenclature of inorganic structure types. Report of the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Crystalographic Nomenclature Subcommittee on the nomenclature of inorganic structure types","volume":"A46","author":"Lima de Faria","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Cryst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1039\/JA9961100899","article-title":"Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric transient signal data acquisition and analytic concentration calculation","volume":"11","author":"Longerich","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00225392","article-title":"Bismuth and cobalt minerals: indicators of stringer zones to massive-sulfide deposits, South Iberian Pyrite Belt","volume":"31","author":"Marcoux","year":"1996","journal-title":"Miner. Deposita"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib52","first-page":"269","article-title":"Modular classification of sulphosalts: current status, definition and application of homologous series","volume":"160","author":"Makovicky","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neues Jahrb. Miner., Abh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib53","first-page":"237","article-title":"Modular crystal chemistry of sulphosalts and other complex sulphides. Modular aspects of minerals","volume":"1","author":"Makovicky","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMU Notes Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2006.61.2","article-title":"Crystal structures of sulfides and other chalcogenides","volume":"61","author":"Makovicky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Miner. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib55","unstructured":"McCoy, D. T. (2000) Mid-Cretaceous Plutonic-related Gold Deposits of Interior Alaska: Metallogenesis, Characteristics, Gold Associative Mineralogy and Geochronology. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 245 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib56","first-page":"347","article-title":"Gold in skarns related to epizonal intrusions","volume":"13","author":"Meinert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib57","series-title":"Uranium Deposits","first-page":"147","article-title":"Mineralogy and acid-mine drainage of La Creusaz uranium prospect, Switzerland","author":"Meisser","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1127\/0935-1221\/2008\/0020-1778","article-title":"Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the Sulfosalt Sub-committee of the IMA Commission on ore mineralogy","volume":"20","author":"Mo\u00eblo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1180\/minmag.2008.072.4.953","article-title":"Gold\u2013bismuth\u2013telluride-sulphide assemblages at the Viceroy mine, Harare\u2013Bindura\u2013Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe","volume":"72","author":"Oberth\u00fcr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Miner. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02646366","article-title":"The Bi\u2013Se (bismuth\u2013selenium) system","volume":"15","author":"Okamoto","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Phase Equilibria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib61","series-title":"Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams","first-page":"800","article-title":"Bi\u2013Te (bismuth\u2013tellurium)","author":"Okamoto","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2004-1002","article-title":"\u201cInvisible\u201d gold revealed: direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit","volume":"89","author":"Palenik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01082672","article-title":"Crystal chemistry of natural tellurides II: Redetermination of the crystal structure of krennerite, (Au1\u2212xAgx)Te2 with x\u223c0.2. Tschermaks","volume":"33","author":"Pertlik","year":"1984","journal-title":"Miner. Petrograph. Mitt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib64","first-page":"213","article-title":"Victorian gold deposits","volume":"17","author":"Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"ASGO J. Austral. Geol. Geophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1034(199911\/12)34:4<369::AID-GJ832>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Re-evaluation of quartz vein history in the Dolgellau gold-belt, North Wales, United Kingdom","volume":"34","author":"Platten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib66","series-title":"Phase Diagrams of Ternary Gold Alloys","author":"Prince","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.2138\/am-1995-11-1207","article-title":"Annealing of synthetic hammarite, Cu2Pb2Bi4S9, and the nature of cation-ordering processes in the bismuthinite\u2013aikinite series","volume":"80","author":"Pring","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1180\/0026461026630041","article-title":"HRTEM observations of structural and chemical modulations in cosalite and its relationship to the lillianite homologues","volume":"66","author":"Pring","year":"2002","journal-title":"Miner. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib69","series-title":"Turning Points in Solid State, Materials and Surface Chemistry","first-page":"239","article-title":"Chemical modulations in Pb\u2013Bi-sulphosalts: a glimpse at minerals in solid-state chemistry","author":"Pring","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1180\/minmag.1999.063.6.11","article-title":"Disorder and compositional variation in the lillianite homologous series","volume":"63","author":"Pring","year":"1999","journal-title":"Miner. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2005.08.021","article-title":"First-principles calculations of the thermodynamic mixing properties of arsenic incorporation into pyrite and marcasite","volume":"225","author":"Reich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2005.01.011","article-title":"Solubility of gold in arsenian pyrite","volume":"69","author":"Reich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1130\/G22829A.1","article-title":"Thermal behavior of metal nanoparticles in geologic materials","volume":"34","author":"Reich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib74","series-title":"Mineralisation in the British Isles","first-page":"187","article-title":"Dolgellau goldbelt, Harlech District, North Wales","author":"Shepherd","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.2138\/am-1999-7-809","article-title":"Oxidation state of gold and arsenic in gold-bearing arsenian pyrite","volume":"84","author":"Simon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Miner."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-1368(93)90001-F","article-title":"Magmatic sulphide\/volatile interaction as a mechanism for producing chalcophile element enriched, Archean Au\u2013quartz, epithermal Au\u2013Ag and Au skarn hydrothermal ore fluids","volume":"7","author":"Spooner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ore Geol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00710-007-0199-z","article-title":"Tellurides from Sunrise Dam gold deposit, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: a new occurrence of nagy\u00e1gite","volume":"91","author":"Sung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Miner. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/petrology\/egl070","article-title":"On the initiation of metamorphic sulfide anatexis","volume":"48","author":"Tomkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1130\/G25093A.1","article-title":"Modelling of gold-scavenging by bismuth melts coexisting with hydrothermal fluids","volume":"36","author":"Tooth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.2113\/gsecongeo.100.6.1135","article-title":"Gold enrichment and the Bi\u2013Au association in pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide deposits, Escanaba Trough, Southern Gorda Ridge","volume":"100","author":"T\u00f6rm\u00e4nen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Econ. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1021\/es026053t","volume":"37","author":"Utsunomiya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1180\/0026461046820186","article-title":"Refractory gold ores in Archaean greenstones, Western Australia: mineralogy, gold paragenesis, metallurgical characterization and classification","volume":"68","author":"Vaughan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Miner. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/35098012","article-title":"Thin-film thermoelectric devices with high room-temperature figures of merit","volume":"413","author":"Venkatasubramanian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib1b","unstructured":"Wagner, T. (2007) Thermodynamic modeling of Au-Bi-Te melt precipitation from high-temperature hydrothermal fluids: Preliminary results. In Mineral Exploration and Research: Digging Deeper. Proc. 9th Biennial SGA meeting (ed. C.J. Andrew). Dublin, Irish Association of Economic Geologists, pp. 769\u2013772."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02064580","article-title":"M\u00f6ssbauer investigation of gold-bearing pyrite-rich concentrates","volume":"91","author":"Wagner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hyperfine Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib85","first-page":"55","article-title":"Hedleyite, a new bismuth telluride from British Columbia, with notes on wehrlite and some bismuth\u2013tellurium alloys","volume":"49","author":"Warren","year":"1945","journal-title":"Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00202358","article-title":"Geology, alteration and mesothermal Au\u2013Ag\u2013mineralization associated with a volcanic-intrusive complex at Mt. Shamrock\u2013Mt. Ophir, SE Queensland","volume":"26","author":"Williams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Miner. Deposita"}],"container-title":["Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016703709000313?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016703709000313?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T06:05:23Z","timestamp":1738908323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016703709000313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016703709000313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gca.2009.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-7037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-7037","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}