{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:45:40Z","timestamp":1784357140892,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroent\u00e9rologie Clinique et Biologique"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,27]],"date-time":"2008-10-27T04:05:10Z","timestamp":1225080310000},"page":"960-972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Foie et sport"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Watelet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(05)82123-2","article-title":"Troubles h\u00e9patodigestifs du sportif","volume":"29","author":"Watelet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib2","first-page":"838","article-title":"De quoi serait mort le coureur de Marathon\u00a0?","volume":"13","author":"Cabannac","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib3","series-title":"Champion, flic et voyou","author":"Boyer","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.2003.01135.x","article-title":"An increase in damaged hepatocytes in rats after high intensity exercise","volume":"178","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib5","first-page":"1258","article-title":"Effects of acute physical exercise on hepatocyte volume and function in rat","volume":"276","author":"Latour","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib6","first-page":"221","article-title":"Physical activity in liver disease and liver function in sportsmen","volume":"29","author":"Ritland","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.5.1550","article-title":"Redistribution of regional and organ blood volume and effect on cardiac function in relation to upright exercise intensity in healthy human subjects","volume":"8","author":"Flamm","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib8","first-page":"1714","article-title":"Redistribution of visceral blood volume in upright exercise in healthy volunteers","volume":"29","author":"Froelich","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308428","article-title":"Liver function in physically trained subjects: galactose elimination capacity, plasma disappearance of indocyanine green, and aminopyrine metabolism in long-distance runners","volume":"24","author":"Decry","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(05)52010-6","article-title":"Effects on plasma glucose and lactate","volume":"52","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199705000-00007","article-title":"Training enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis: the importance for glucose homeostasis during exercise","volume":"29","author":"Donovan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.04.054","article-title":"Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis: the secret of Lance Armstrong\u2019s success","volume":"68","author":"Bongaerts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i18.2711","article-title":"Effects of 24h ultra-marathon on biochemical and hematological parameters","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000222831.35897.5f","article-title":"Exertional Rhabdomyolysis during a 246-km continuous running race","volume":"38","author":"Skenderi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024834","article-title":"Ultra-long-distance running and the liver","volume":"11","author":"Nagel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.4.264","article-title":"The biochemistry of runners in a 1600km ultramarathon","volume":"33","author":"Fallon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib17","first-page":"406","article-title":"Plasma biochemical variables in response to 42-km kayak and canoe races","volume":"30","author":"Lutoslawska","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.2.122","article-title":"Changes in plasma enzyme activities in professional racing cyclists","volume":"30","author":"Mena","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.32.4.304","article-title":"Renal and liver functions and muscle injuries during training and after competition in Thai boxers","volume":"32","author":"Saengsirisuwan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03001.x","article-title":"Muscular exercise can cause highly pathological liver function tests in healthy men","volume":"65","author":"Pettersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib21","first-page":"463","article-title":"Myoglobinuria, rhabdomyolysis and marathon running","volume":"47","author":"Schiff","year":"1978","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199512000-00002","article-title":"Effects of long-distance running on serum bilirubin","volume":"27","author":"De Paz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib23","first-page":"96","article-title":"Epid\u00e9miologie du dopage","volume":"16","author":"Laure","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunoanal Biol Spec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03269.x","article-title":"The effects of alcohol and benzodiazepines on the severity of ski accidents","volume":"86","author":"Barnas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib25","series-title":"Prisonnier du dopage","author":"Gaumont","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802fa679","article-title":"Depression and pain in retired professional football players","volume":"39","author":"Schwenk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.566","article-title":"Alcohol and risky sex in athletes and nonathletes: what roles do sex motives play?","volume":"68","author":"Grossbard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib28","first-page":"18","article-title":"Activit\u00e9s physiques et sportives dans les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents des personnes prises en charge pour addiction","volume":"151","author":"Lowenstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib29","unstructured":"Choquet M, Bourdessol H, Arvers P, Guilbert P, de Peretti C. Jeunes et pratique sportive. L\u2019activit\u00e9 sportive \u00e0 l\u2019adolescence\u00a0: les troubles et conduites associ\u00e9es. Marly-le-Roi: Rapport au minist\u00e8re de la Jeunesse et des Sports. Institut National de la Jeunesse et de l\u2019Education Populaire; 2001:1\u201394."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib30","first-page":"43","article-title":"Le dopage\u00a0: risques sanitaires et rapport aux conduites addictives","volume":"154","author":"Siri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laure P. Dopage et soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Paris: Ellipses; 2000.","DOI":"10.3406\/insep.2001.1594"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199504000-00007","article-title":"Anabolic steroid use by adolescents: prevalence, motives, and knowledge of risks","volume":"5","author":"Tanner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20183","article-title":"Androgens and liver tumors: Fanconi\u2019s anemia and non-Fanconi\u2019s conditions","volume":"77","author":"Velazquez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5575.310","article-title":"Body building by drugs","volume":"4","author":"Anonymous","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(66)90114-0","article-title":"Liver toxicity of a new anabolic agent: methyltrienolone (17-alpha-methyl-4,9,11-estratriene-17 beta-ol-3-one)","volume":"8","author":"Kruskemper","year":"1966","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200210000-00013","article-title":"Androgenic\/anabolic steroid-induced toxic hepatitis","volume":"35","author":"Stimac","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib37","first-page":"791","article-title":"At what price, glory? Severe cholestasis and acute renal failure in an athlete abusing stanozolol","volume":"151","author":"Yoshida","year":"1994","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib38","first-page":"399","article-title":"Androgenic\/anabolic steroid-induced intrahepatic cholestasis: a review with four additional case reports","volume":"87","author":"Gurakar","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Okla State Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024477","article-title":"Severe cholestasis with kidney failure from anabolic steroids in a body builder","volume":"124","author":"Habscheid","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib40","first-page":"1561","article-title":"Cholestatic jaundice and pruritus","volume":"91","author":"Stocker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993678","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis in a bodybuilder using anabolic steroids","volume":"2","author":"Hageloch","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sportverletz Sportschaden"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199901000-00007","article-title":"Anabolic steroid-induced hepatotoxicity: is it overstated?","volume":"9","author":"Dickerman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib43","first-page":"391","article-title":"Evaluation of aminotransferase elevations in a bodybuilder using anabolic steroids: hepatitis or rhabdomyolysis?","volume":"101","author":"Pertusi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.5.1038","article-title":"Effect of an anabolic steroid on physical performance of young men","volume":"20","author":"Fowler","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90001-5","article-title":"\u201cAnabolic\u201d effects of methandienone in men undergoing athletic training","volume":"2","author":"Hervey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5969.471","article-title":"Anabolic steroids in athelics: crossover double-blind trial on weightlifters","volume":"2","author":"Freed","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1993.tb01742.x","article-title":"Anabolic steroid hepatotoxicity: lessons to be learnt?","volume":"23","author":"Forbes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(03)00105-5","article-title":"Reversibility of the effects on blood cells, lipids, liver function and hormones in former anabolic-androgenic steroid abusers","volume":"84","author":"Urhausen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-9-2-181","article-title":"Androgen abuse by athletes","volume":"9","author":"Wilson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689408700118","article-title":"Body builder\u2019s liver","volume":"87","author":"Klava","year":"1994","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1622.2000.01932.x","article-title":"Anabolic steroid-induced hepatic adenomas with spontaneous haemorrhage in a bodybuilder","volume":"70","author":"Bagia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.013599","article-title":"Hepatocellular adenomas associated with anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in bodybuilders: a report of two cases and a review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Socas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.4.441","article-title":"Hepatic tumours induced by anabolic steroids in an athlete","volume":"41","author":"Creagh","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.03932","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with recreational anabolic steroid use","volume":"42","author":"Gorayski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-1-158_3","article-title":"Androgens and hepatocellular carcinoma in an athlete","volume":"100","author":"Overly","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib56","first-page":"56","article-title":"Liver carcinoma in an athlete taking anabolic steroids","volume":"85","author":"Goldman","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199401000-00002","article-title":"Peliosis hepatis in a young adult bodybuilder","volume":"26","author":"Cabasso","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050165","article-title":"Performance enhancing drugs (doping agents) and sudden death: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"111","author":"Hausmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(79)73375-X","article-title":"Esophageal varices in weight-lifters","volume":"25","author":"Zeid","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.66.780.864","article-title":"Bleeding oesophageal varices associated with anabolic steroid use in an athlete","volume":"66","author":"Winwood","year":"1990","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-304","article-title":"Increased premature mortality of competitive powerlifters suspected to have used anabolic agents","volume":"21","author":"Parssinen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-35528","article-title":"Iron status in cyclists during high-intensity interval training and recovery","volume":"23","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2006.00771.x","article-title":"Haematological parameters in elite rugby players during a competitive season","volume":"28","author":"Banfi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2000.010002098.x","article-title":"Changes in hemoglobin values in elite cross-country skiers from 1987\u20131999","volume":"10","author":"Videman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0765-1597(99)80070-7","article-title":"H\u00e9patosiderose dysm\u00e9tabolique iatrog\u00e8ne\u00a0: \u00e0 propos de trois observations concernant des sportifs de haut niveau","volume":"14","author":"Dine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200205000-00023","article-title":"Increased body iron stores in elite road cyclists","volume":"34","author":"Deugnier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000179135.92468.f2","article-title":"Serum ferritin as a marker of potential biochemical iron overload in athletes","volume":"15","author":"Lippi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib68","unstructured":"Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration fran\u00e7aise de cyclisme 2006. Rapport d\u2019activit\u00e9 2005 de la Commission m\u00e9dicale nationale. Nevers, 5 mars 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.006635","article-title":"Abnormally high serum ferritin levels among professional road cyclists","volume":"38","author":"Zotter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2005.01.012","article-title":"Mortalit\u00e9 et stock en fer chez 514 anciens coureurs cyclistes de haut niveau","volume":"20","author":"Deugnier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib71","first-page":"235","article-title":"Probl\u00e8mes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019usage de l\u2019\u00e9rythropo\u00ef\u00e9tine en milieu sportif","volume":"16","author":"Dine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunoanal Biol Spec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03503.x","article-title":"Toxicity of chronic paracetamol ingestion","volume":"26","author":"Watelet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-819955","article-title":"Analysis of non-hormonal nutritional supplements for anabolic-androgenic steroids - results of an international study","volume":"25","author":"Geyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.12.4.453","article-title":"Effects of long-term creatine supplementation on liver and kidney functions in American college football players","volume":"12","author":"Mayhew","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2007.01.020","article-title":"Doping with growth hormone\/IGF-1, anabolic steroids or erythropoietin: is there a cancer risk?","volume":"55","author":"Tentori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.5.687","article-title":"\u201cGolf ball liver\u201d: agent orange hepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Leonard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.1.143a","article-title":"\u201cGolf ball liver\u201d: a cause of chronic hepatitis?","volume":"42","author":"Johnston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200010000-00022","article-title":"Blunt hepatic injury: minimal intervention is the policy of treatment","volume":"49","author":"Fang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(85)80001-2","article-title":"Abdominal injuries in children: an analysis of 348 cases","volume":"16","author":"Bergqvist","year":"1985","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib80","first-page":"U515","article-title":"Liver injury in children: causes, patterns and outcomes","volume":"116","author":"Wakeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00193-5","article-title":"Central liver hematomas caused by mountain-bike crashes","volume":"32","author":"Nehoda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18546","article-title":"Abdominal injuries caused by bicycle handlebars","volume":"167","author":"Erez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib83","first-page":"46","article-title":"Liver laceration following a kick in a soccer game","volume":"20","author":"Muller-Rath","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sportverletz Sportschaden"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.3.155","article-title":"Abdominal injuries and sport","volume":"33","author":"Ryan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1059339","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of the left hepatic duct","volume":"118","author":"Muller","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib86","first-page":"423","article-title":"Anaphylactic shock in a patient with ruptured hydatid liver cyst owing to trivial abdominal trauma","volume":"42","author":"Yahya","year":"1997","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199503000-00001","article-title":"Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver (1994 revision)","volume":"38","author":"Moore","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199404000-00012","article-title":"Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma the exception or the rule?","volume":"36","author":"Meredith","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011089","article-title":"Heat stroke","volume":"346","author":"Bouchama","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000227302.80783.0f","article-title":"Exertional heat stroke during a cool weather marathon: a case study","volume":"38","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib91","first-page":"668","article-title":"Le coup de chaleur\u00a0: une cause rare de n\u00e9crose h\u00e9patique massive d\u2019origine hypoxique","volume":"12","author":"Chavoutier-Uzzan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib92","first-page":"637","article-title":"H\u00e9patite s\u00e9v\u00e8re compliquant un coup de chaleur d\u2019exercice favoris\u00e9 par un traitement neuroleptique et anticholinergique","volume":"19","author":"Dohin-Caplanne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib93","first-page":"339","article-title":"Le coup de chaleur, cause fr\u00e9quente de morbidit\u00e9 et de mortalit\u00e9 dans les arm\u00e9es","volume":"12","author":"Cur\u00e9","year":"1984","journal-title":"Med Armees"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb93937.x","article-title":"Heat stroke following Rugby League football","volume":"155","author":"Savdie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib95","first-page":"403","article-title":"Atteinte h\u00e9patique s\u00e9v\u00e8re apr\u00e8s une course de fond","volume":"20","author":"Boubaddi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i2.306","article-title":"Are heat stroke and physical exhaustion underestimated causes of acute hepatic failure?","volume":"13","author":"Weigand","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1080\/003655299750025778","article-title":"Severe liver failure in exertional heat stroke","volume":"34","author":"Giercksky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib98","first-page":"336","article-title":"Acute liver failure related to the syndrome of exertional heatstroke","volume":"143","author":"Lubanda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cas Lek Cesk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2312-7","article-title":"Liver transplantation in exertional heat stroke: a medical dilemma","volume":"30","author":"Hadad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s001010100169","article-title":"Exertion-related heat stroke. Lethal multiorgan failure from accidental hyperthermia in a 23-year-old athlete","volume":"50","author":"Dunker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000227388.91885.4b","article-title":"Heatstroke in the super-sized athlete","volume":"22","author":"Fink","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200006000-00015","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure from heat stroke requiring liver transplantation","volume":"30","author":"Berger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20400","article-title":"Living donor liver transplantation with noninvasive ventilation for exertional heat stroke and severe rhabdomyolysis","volume":"11","author":"Takahashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib104","first-page":"382","article-title":"NMS, EHS, and MH","volume":"28","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0750-7658(00)00269-0","article-title":"Acute hepatic insufficiency and exercised-induced heat stroke","volume":"19","author":"Tortosa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib106","first-page":"1382","article-title":"Heatstroke: its clinical and pathological presentation, with particular attention to the liver","volume":"87","author":"Hassanein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib107","first-page":"157","article-title":"Antilipopolysaccharide improves survival in primates subjected to heat stroke","volume":"23","author":"Gathiram","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circ Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib108","first-page":"105","article-title":"Coup de chaleur d\u2019exercice et atteinte h\u00e9patique. Probl\u00e8mes diagnostiques et physiopathologiques","volume":"14","author":"Bonsignour","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)70036-W","article-title":"Liver failure occurring as a component of exertional heatstroke","volume":"100","author":"Hassanein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib110","first-page":"977","article-title":"Transplantation h\u00e9patique apr\u00e8s coup de chaleur d\u00a0exercice avec insuffisance h\u00e9patique fulminante","volume":"25","author":"Sa\u00efssy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1249\/00149619-200402000-00001","article-title":"Death in the heat: can football heat stroke be prevented?","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.4.613","article-title":"An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with swimming in a public pool","volume":"165","author":"Mahoney","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03190320018006","article-title":"The Holy Cross college football team hepatitis outbreak","volume":"219","author":"Morse","year":"1972","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib114","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Vaccinations in sports and recommendations for immunization against flu, hepatitis A and hepatitis B","volume":"140","author":"Constantini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001265","article-title":"The risk of infection with HIV and hepatitis B in individuals who inject steroids in England and Wales","volume":"121","author":"Crampin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90098-1","article-title":"Anabolic steroid users identified by needle and syringe exchange contact","volume":"36","author":"Morrison","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.01598.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection related to anabolic-androgenic steroid injection in a recreational weight lifter","volume":"93","author":"Rich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00857.x","article-title":"Intravenous vitamin complexes used in sporting activities and transmission of HCV in Brazil","volume":"94","author":"Parana","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib119","first-page":"375","article-title":"H\u00e9patite C et administration parent\u00e9rale de produits dopants\u00a0: un mode de contamination m\u00e9connu\u00a0?","volume":"24","author":"Coton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762003000800008","article-title":"Risk of hepatitis C among Brazilian ex-soccer players","volume":"98","author":"Souto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00174-0","article-title":"Pumping iron, risking infection? Exposure to hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV among anabolic-androgenic steroid injectors in Victoria, Australia","volume":"65","author":"Aitken","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330020057030","article-title":"An outbreak of hepatitis B in members of a high school sumo wrestling club","volume":"248","author":"Kashiwagi","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.16.2541","article-title":"Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus among players of an American football team","volume":"160","author":"Tobe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196703092761003","article-title":"Serum hepatitis among Swedish track finders. An epidemiologic study","volume":"276","author":"Ringertz","year":"1967","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032847","article-title":"Risk of hepatitis B infections in Olympic wrestling","volume":"41","author":"Bereket-Yucel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139908.x","article-title":"Lack of evidence for significant hepatitis B transmission in Australian Rules footballers","volume":"162","author":"Siebert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib127","first-page":"79","article-title":"The athlete: an immunocompromised host","volume":"13","author":"Hughes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.011643","article-title":"Blood borne infections in sport: risks of transmission, methods of prevention, and recommendations for hepatitis B vaccination","volume":"38","author":"Kordi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.9303","article-title":"Covert transmission of hepatitis C virus during bloody fisticuffs","volume":"119","author":"Bourli\u00e8re","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2006.00742.x","article-title":"A case-control study of risk factors for hepatitis C infection in patients with unexplained routes of infection","volume":"13","author":"Karmochkine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199507000-00011","article-title":"Joint position statement: human immunodeficiency virus and other blood-borne pathogens in sports. The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) and the American Academy of Sports Medicine (AASM)","volume":"5","author":"AMSSM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"}],"container-title":["Gastroent\u00e9rologie Clinique et Biologique"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0399832008005058?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0399832008005058?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:47:30Z","timestamp":1759974450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0399832008005058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0399832008005058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0399-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0399-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Foie et sport","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroent\u00e9rologie Clinique et Biologique","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gcb.2008.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}