{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:52:51Z","timestamp":1791021171393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL175076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL175076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Opinion in Genetics & Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:38:12Z","timestamp":1790717892000},"page":"102545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Insights into human evolution from large genetic biobanks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-1447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey P","family":"Spence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshni A","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06595-3","article-title":"Genotyping, sequencing and analysis of 140,000 adults from Mexico City","volume":"622","author":"Ziyatdinov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06957-x","article-title":"Genomic data in the All of Us research program","volume":"627","author":"The All of Us Research Program Genomics Investigators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09272-9","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants","volume":"645","author":"UK Biobank Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05275-y","article-title":"A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height","volume":"610","author":"Yengo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09720-6","article-title":"Estimation and mapping of the missing heritability of human phenotypes","volume":"649","author":"Wainschtein","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18964","article-title":"The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations","volume":"538","author":"Mallick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11632","article-title":"An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes","volume":"491","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5012","article-title":"Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes","volume":"367","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref9","article-title":"Integrating 730,947 exome sequences with clinical literature improves gene discovery","author":"Guez","year":"2026","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0261-x","article-title":"A scientometric review of genome-wide association studies","volume":"2","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib11","unstructured":"Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD): gnomad statistics; 2026. Available at: https:\/\/gnomad.broadinstitute.org\/stats [Accessed 2026-04-01]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1310-4","article-title":"Genetic analyses of diverse populations improves discovery for complex traits","volume":"570","author":"Wojcik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2022.05.014","article-title":"Genetic interactions drive heterogeneity in causal variant effect sizes for gene expression and complex traits","volume":"109","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60107","article-title":"A variant-centric perspective on geographic patterns of human allele frequency variation","volume":"9","author":"Biddanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2503857122","article-title":"The distribution of highly deleterious variants across human ancestry groups","volume":"122","author":"Stolyarova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06592-6","article-title":"Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank","volume":"622","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad168","article-title":"Scaling the discrete-time Wright-Fisher model to biobank-scale datasets","volume":"225","author":"Spence","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib18","article-title":"Regional nonsense constraint offers clinical and biological insights into rare genetic disorders","volume":"17","author":"Blakes","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-023-05481-z","article-title":"An unsupervised deep learning framework for predicting human essential genes from population and functional genomic data","volume":"24","author":"La Police","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib20","article-title":"Relating pathogenic loss-of-function mutations in humans to their evolutionary fitness costs","volume":"12","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLlife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01820-9","article-title":"Bayesian estimation of gene constraint from an evolutionary model with gene features","volume":"56","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09703-7","article-title":"Specificity, length and luck drive gene rankings in association studies","volume":"649","author":"Spence","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06045-0","article-title":"A genomic mutational constraint map using variation in 76,156 human genomes","volume":"625","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-024-01358-9","article-title":"Genetic constraint at single amino acid resolution in protein domains improves missense variant prioritisation and gene discovery","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref24","article-title":"Fine-tuning protein language models on human spatial constraint improves variant effect prediction by reducing wild-type sequence bias","author":"Bajracharya","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08370-4","article-title":"Site-saturation mutagenesis of 500 human protein domains","volume":"637","author":"Beltran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01465-0","article-title":"Genome-wide prediction of disease variant effects with a deep protein language model","volume":"55","author":"Brandes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib28","article-title":"Predicting functional constraints across evolutionary timescales with phylogeny-informed genomic language models","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.71513","article-title":"Mutation saturation for fitness effects at human CpG sites","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011959","article-title":"Genome-wide selection inference at short tandem repeats","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib31","article-title":"A statistical framework to infer the mutation model of tandem repeat variants","author":"Fernandez-Luna","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8996","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801240115","article-title":"Transfer RNA genes experience exceptionally elevated mutation rates","volume":"115","author":"Thornlow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01562-0","article-title":"A mutation rate model at the basepair resolution identifies the mutagenic effect of polymerase III transcription","volume":"55","author":"Seplyarskiy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07773-7","article-title":"De novo variants in the RNU4-2 snRNA cause a frequent neurodevelopmental syndrome","volume":"632","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0383-1","article-title":"Measuring intolerance to mutation in human genetics","volume":"51","author":"Fuller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib36","article-title":"Gene-level complexity explains genome-wide variation in the distribution of fitness effects","author":"YY\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib37","article-title":"Allele frequencies at recessive disease genes are mainly determined by pleiotropic effects in heterozygotes","author":"Judd","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.12.001","article-title":"Overcoming constraints on the detection of recessive selection in human genes from population frequency data","volume":"109","author":"Balick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0101-4","article-title":"Signatures of negative selection in the genetic architecture of human complex traits","volume":"50","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.763363","article-title":"Maintenance of complex trait variation: Classic theory and modern data","volume":"12","author":"Koch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-083115-022316","article-title":"Thinking about the evolution of complex traits in the era of genome-wide association studies","volume":"20","author":"Sella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genom Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300027282","article-title":"Quantitative genetic variability maintained by mutation-stabilizing selection balance in finite populations","volume":"52","author":"Keightley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2002985","article-title":"A population genetic interpretation of GWAS findings for human quantitative traits","volume":"16","author":"Simons","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1012035","article-title":"The effect of long-range linkage disequilibrium on allele-frequency dynamics under stabilizing selection","volume":"22","author":"Negm","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707227114","article-title":"Evidence of directional and stabilizing selection in contemporary humans","volume":"115","author":"Sanjak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref45","article-title":"Genetic association data are broadly consistent with stabilizing selection shaping human common diseases and traits","author":"Koch","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyae210","article-title":"Characterizing selection on complex traits through conditional frequency spectra","volume":"229","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib48","article-title":"Pervasive correlations between causal disease effects of proximal SNPs vary with functional annotations and implicate stabilizing selection","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyaf220","article-title":"Mutation-selection-drift balance models of complex diseases","volume":"231","author":"Berg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003402","article-title":"Simple scaling laws control the genetic architectures of human complex traits","volume":"23","author":"Simons","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1013387","article-title":"Gene regulatory network structure informs the distribution of perturbation effects","volume":"21","author":"Aguirre","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib52","article-title":"Regulatory network topology and the genetic architecture of gene expression","volume":"6","author":"Aguirre","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2609814123","article-title":"Genetic architectures of brain-related traits are shaped by strong selective constraints","volume":"123","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.038","article-title":"An expanded view of complex traits: from polygenic to omnigenic","volume":"169","author":"Boyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66697","article-title":"Polygenic adaptation after a sudden change in environment","volume":"11","author":"Hayward","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib56","article-title":"When should adaptation arise from a polygenic response versus few large effect changes?","author":"Milligan","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyag063","article-title":"Strong amplification of quantitative genetic variation under a balance between mutation and fluctuating stabilizing selection","volume":"233","author":"Bertram","year":"2026","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib58","article-title":"Stabilizing selection generates selection against introgressed DNA","author":"Veller","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011623","article-title":"Archaic introgression and the distribution of shared variation under stabilizing selection","volume":"21","author":"Ragsdale","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyag185","article-title":"Effect of population structure and stabilizing selection on quantitative genetic variation","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref60","article-title":"Background selection in recombining genomes and its consequences for the maintenance of variation in complex traits","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/124.3.773","article-title":"Pleiotropic models of quantitative variation","volume":"124","author":"Barton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref62","article-title":"Buffering of gene dosage response curves for human complex traits","volume":"6","author":"Milind","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib64","article-title":"Representation in genetic studies affects inference about genetic architecture","author":"Cole","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004412","article-title":"A population genetic signal of polygenic adaptation","volume":"10","author":"Berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2020.05.014","article-title":"Evidence of polygenic adaptation in Sardinia at height-associated loci ascertained from the Biobank Japan","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39725","article-title":"Reduced signal for polygenic adaptation of height in uk biobank","volume":"8","author":"Berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39702","article-title":"Polygenic adaptation on height is overestimated due to uncorrected stratification in genome-wide association studies","volume":"8","author":"Sohail","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyaf071","article-title":"Testing for differences in polygenic scores in the presence of confounding","volume":"230","author":"Blanc","year":"2025","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.07.003","article-title":"Extreme polygenicity of complex traits is explained by negative selection","volume":"105","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2026.04.009","article-title":"Principled measures and estimates of trait polygenicity","volume":"113","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05684-z","article-title":"Polygenic architecture of rare coding variation across 394,783 exomes","volume":"614","author":"Weiner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1038\/s44319-026-00733-4","article-title":"Common and rare genetic variants show network convergence for a majority of human traits","volume":"27","author":"Wright","year":"2026","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib74","article-title":"Unifying the genetic landscape of common and rare diseases via latent neighborhoods","author":"Laman Trip","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01529-1","article-title":"Systematic differences in discovery of genetic effects on gene expression and complex traits","volume":"55","author":"Mostafavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2026.02.009","article-title":"Higher eQTL power reveals signals that boost GWAS colocalization","volume":"113","author":"Rosen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref76","article-title":"Farm animal evolution demonstrates hidden molecular basis of human traits","author":"Connally","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref77","article-title":"A meta-analysis of chromatin-associated loci provides insights into mechanistic interpretations of trait heritability","author":"Dudek","year":"2026","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2425196122","article-title":"Study design and the sampling of deleterious rare variants in biobank-scale datasets","volume":"122","author":"Steiner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0416","article-title":"Population differentiation of polygenic score predictions under stabilizing selection","volume":"377","author":"Yair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.05.009","article-title":"Natural selection acting on complex traits hampers the predictive accuracy of polygenic scores in ancient samples","volume":"112","author":"A\u00f1orve-Garibay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545_sbref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2025.07.008","article-title":"Estimation of demography and mutation rates from one million haploid genomes","volume":"112","author":"Schraiber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Human Genet"}],"container-title":["Current Opinion in Genetics & Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959437X26001127?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959437X26001127?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:54:14Z","timestamp":1791017654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959437X26001127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0959437X26001127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-437X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-437X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Insights into human evolution from large genetic biobanks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gde.2026.102545","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102545"}}