{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:32:45Z","timestamp":1776439965589,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM089820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM089820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T12:33:11Z","timestamp":1594816391000},"page":"144949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Emerging roles of melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAP and MRAP2) in physiology and pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"757","author":[{"given":"Nasrin N.A.","family":"Berruien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5217-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706929","article-title":"The MC4 receptor and control of appetite","volume":"149","author":"Adan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.01.032","article-title":"Role of melanocortin receptor accessory proteins in the function of zebrafish melanocortin receptor type 2","volume":"320","author":"Agulleiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"6143","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233000","article-title":"Loss of function of the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 is associated with mammalian obesity","volume":"341","author":"Asai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0622-0","article-title":"Loss-of-function mutations in MRAP2 are pathogenic in hyperphagic obesity with hyperglycemia and hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Baron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1877-1173(09)88004-6","article-title":"The melanocortin-1 receptor gene polymorphism and association with human skin cancer","volume":"88","author":"Beaumont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.09.010","article-title":"Overexpression of melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) in adult paraventricular MC4R neurons regulates energy intake and expenditure","volume":"18","author":"Bruschetta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(98)00055-2","article-title":"Melanocortin peptides inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines in blood of HIV-infected patients","volume":"19","author":"Catania","year":"1998","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.1.1","article-title":"Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammation","volume":"56","author":"Catania","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.L. Chaly D. Srisai E.E. Gardner J.A. Sebag The Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein 2 promotes food intake through inhibition of the Prokineticin Receptor-1 5.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12397"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6146","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809918106","article-title":"MRAP and MRAP2 are bidirectional regulators of the melanocortin receptor family","volume":"106","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/79254","article-title":"Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1744","article-title":"The majority of adrenocorticotropin receptor (melanocortin 2 receptor) mutations found in familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 1 lead to defective trafficking of the receptor to the cell surface","volume":"93","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00491","article-title":"Stability and turnover of the ACTH receptor complex","volume":"10","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0015-9","article-title":"MC4R agonism promotes durable weight loss in patients with leptin receptor deficiency","volume":"24","author":"Cl\u00e9ment","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.04.001","article-title":"MRAP2 regulates endometrial receptivity and function","volume":"703","author":"D\u2019Aurora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T119","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-15-0292","article-title":"Melanocortin receptors: evolution of ligand selectivity for melanocortin peptides","volume":"56","author":"Dores","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M113.035600","article-title":"Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics","volume":"13","author":"Fagerberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7200","article-title":"ART (protein product of agouti-related transcript) as an antagonist of MC-3 and MC-4 receptors","volume":"237","author":"Fong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2002.6782","article-title":"Annotation of human chromosome 21 for relevance to down syndrome: Gene structure and expression analysis","volume":"79","author":"Gardiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geets, E., Zegers, D., Beckers, S., Verrijken, A., Massa, G., Van Hoorenbeeck, K., Verhulst, S., Van Gaal, L., Van Hul, W., 2016. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis and mutation analysis of the 6q14.1-6q16.3 genes SIM1 and MRAP2 in Prader Willi like patients. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 117(3), 383\u2013388.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2016.01.003"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.3323","article-title":"Redundancy of a functional melanocortin 1 receptor in the anti-inflammatory actions of melanocortin peptides: studies in the recessive yellow (e\/e) mouse suggest an important role for melanocortin 3 receptor","volume":"170","author":"Getting","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000773","article-title":"Dynamic pituitary-adrenal interactions in response to cardiac surgery","volume":"43","author":"Gibbison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-11-0011","article-title":"Localisation of the melanocortin-2-receptor and its accessory proteins in the developing and adult adrenal gland","volume":"46","author":"Gorrigan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3250","article-title":"Rare causes of primary adrenal insufficiency: Genetic and clinical characterization of a large nationwide cohort","volume":"101","author":"Guran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2731","article-title":"Missense mutations in the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein that lead to late onset familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2","volume":"95","author":"Hughes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.205.123","article-title":"Possible relationship between elevated plasma ACTH and tall stature in familial glucocorticoid deficiency","volume":"205","author":"Imamine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0581","article-title":"Neonatal presentation of familial glucocorticoid deficiency resulting from a novel splice mutation in the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein","volume":"165","author":"Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.08.061","article-title":"Transcriptional activation of melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein by PPAR\u03b3 in adipocytes","volume":"439","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1512693","article-title":"Proopiomelanocortin deficiency treated with a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist","volume":"375","author":"K\u00fchnen","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.11.005","article-title":"Effects of selective modulation of the central melanocortin-3-receptor on food intake and hypothalamic POMC expression","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1596-2","article-title":"Pharmacological effect of human melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 variants on hypothalamic melanocortin receptors","volume":"61","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.10.011","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of episodic glucocorticoid secretion","volume":"371","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00096","article-title":"Dual topology of the melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein is stable","volume":"7","author":"Maben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.11.036","article-title":"Melanocortin receptors form constitutive homo- and heterodimers","volume":"326","author":"Mandrika","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0300381","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of the mouse steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene by the cAMP respose-element binding protein and steroidogenic factor 1","volume":"30","author":"Manna","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-015-0622-5","article-title":"Ghrelin and blood pressure regulation","volume":"18","author":"Mao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/5070","article-title":"Response of melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides","volume":"21","author":"Marsh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1501","article-title":"Mutations in MRAP, encoding a new interacting partner of the ACTH receptor, cause familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2","volume":"37","author":"Metherell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0687","article-title":"Clinical case seminar: Unusual presentation of familial glucocorticoid deficiency with a novel MRAP mutation","volume":"91","author":"Modan-Moses","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-005-0066-9","article-title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of expression of melanocortin type 2 and 5 receptors in the fetal mouse tissues and organs","volume":"211","author":"Nimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0057","article-title":"Loss of Mrap2 is associated with Sim1 deficiency and increased circulating cholesterol","volume":"230","author":"Novoselova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6186","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201701274RR","article-title":"MRAP deficiency impairs adrenal progenitor cell differentiation and gland zonation","volume":"32","author":"Novoselova","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1968.tb02169.x","article-title":"Evolution from fish to mammals by gene duplication","volume":"59","author":"Ohno","year":"1968","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"issue":"5335","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.135","article-title":"Antagonism of Central Melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein","volume":"278","author":"Ollmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2017.09.008","article-title":"Regions of MRAP2 required for the inhibition of orexin and prokineticin receptor signaling","volume":"1864","author":"Rouault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Molecular Cell Res."},{"issue":"613","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b9005","article-title":"The GPCR accessory protein MRAP2 regulates both biased signaling and constitutive activity of the ghrelin receptor GHSR1a","volume":"13","author":"Rouault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Sig."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2011-0018","article-title":"Mechanisms of melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) internalization and recycling in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells: Identification of key Ser\/Thr (S\/T) amino acids","volume":"25","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.02.003","article-title":"The C-terminal domains of melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) accessory proteins (MRAP1) influence their localization and ACTH-induced cAMP production","volume":"176","author":"Roy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0041","article-title":"Differential regulation of the human adrenocorticotropin receptor [melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R)] by human MC2R accessory protein isoforms \u03b1 and \u03b2 in isogenic human embryonic kidney 293 cells","volume":"21","author":"Roy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606865200","article-title":"Regulation of human melanocortin 1 receptor signaling and trafficking by Thr-308 and Ser-316 and its alteration in variant alleles associated with red hair and skin cancer","volume":"282","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Laorden","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21576","article-title":"Decreased melanocortin-4 receptor function conferred by an infrequent variant at the human melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 gene","volume":"24","author":"Schonnop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"6143","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232995","article-title":"Developmental control of the melanocortin-4 receptor by MRAP2 proteins in zebrafish","volume":"341","author":"Sebag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20244","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708916105","article-title":"Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein MRAP forms antiparallel homodimers","volume":"104","author":"Sebag","year":"2007","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22641","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.022400","article-title":"Opposite effects of the melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptor accessory protein MRAP on MC2 and MC5 receptor dimerization and trafficking","volume":"284","author":"Sebag","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"116","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra28","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000593","article-title":"Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling: Specific dominant-negative effects of melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein2","volume":"3","author":"Sebag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Signaling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siljee, J.E., AUnmehopa, U., Kalsbeek, A., Swaab, D.F., Fliers, E. and Alkemade, A., (2013). Melanocortin 4 receptor distribution in the human hypothalamus. European Journal of Endocrinology, 168(3), 361\u2013369.","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0750"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.3390\/genes5040957","article-title":"High-performance integrated virtual environment (hive) tools and applications for big data analysis","volume":"5","author":"Simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0285","unstructured":"Souvorov, a, Kapustin, Y., Kiryutin, B., Chetvernin, V., Tatusova, T. and Lipman, D., (2010). Gnomon\u2013NCBI eukaryotic gene prediction tool. National Center for Biotechnology Information, 1-24."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.001","article-title":"Prolonged treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid methylprednisolone affects adrenal steroidogenic function and response to inflammatory stress in the rat","volume":"87","author":"Spiga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00747-6","article-title":"MRAP2 regulates ghrelin receptor signaling and hunger sensing","volume":"8","author":"Srisai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0300","first-page":"123","article-title":"Early vertebrate origin of melanocortin 2 receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs)","volume":"188","author":"Valsalan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.10.106","article-title":"The early origin of melanocortin receptors, agouti-related peptide, agouti signalling peptide, and melanocortin receptor-accessory proteins, with emphasis on pufferfishes, elephant shark, lampreys, and amphioxus","volume":"660","author":"V\u00e4stermark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7482","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12826","article-title":"Elephant shark genome provides unique insights into gnathostome evolution","volume":"505","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.1997.tb00688.x","article-title":"Characterisation of ACTH peptides in human skin and their activation of the melanocortin-1 receptor","volume":"10","author":"Wakamatsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0941","article-title":"Distinct melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein domains are required for melanocortin 2 receptor interaction and promotion of receptor trafficking","volume":"150","author":"Webb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, A., Choi, K.L., Wang, Y., Permana, P.A., Yi Xu, L., Bogardus, C. and Cooper, G.J.S., (2002). Identification of novel putative membrane proteins selectively expressed during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 293(4), 1161\u20131167.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00354-6"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.11.003","article-title":"Glutamate mediates the function of melanocortin receptor 4 on Sim1 neurons in body weight regulation","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0131","article-title":"The interaction of MC3R and MC4R with MRAP2, ACTH, \u03b1-MSH and AgRP in chickens","volume":"234","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0862","article-title":"Regulation of lipolytic response and energy balance by melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) in adipocytes","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Gene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378111920306181?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378111920306181?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T16:36:27Z","timestamp":1759854987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378111920306181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0378111920306181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emerging roles of melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAP and MRAP2) in physiology and pathophysiology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gene","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144949","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144949"}}