{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:03:03Z","timestamp":1786989783902,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]],"date-time":"2021-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007224","name":"National Foundation for Science and Technology Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108.02-2018.315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108.02-2018.315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T02:07:04Z","timestamp":1630375624000},"page":"145935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association of PD-L1 gene polymorphisms and circulating sPD-L1 levels with HBV infection susceptibility and related liver disease progression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"806","author":[{"given":"Nghiem","family":"Xuan Hoan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pham","family":"Thi Minh Huyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bui","family":"Dinh Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dao","family":"Phuong Giang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngo","family":"Tat Trung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bui","family":"Tien Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Thi Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dang","family":"Thi Ngoc Dung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas","family":"Reddy Pallerla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirumalaisamy P.","family":"Velavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Hong Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Huu Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112393","article-title":"Tumour PD-L1 Expression in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Acheampong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020065","article-title":"Soluble PD-L1: a potential immune marker for HIV-1 infection and virological failure","volume":"99","author":"Avendano-Ortiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2606","article-title":"PD-1-expressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer","volume":"73","author":"Badoual","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.002","article-title":"MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions","volume":"136","author":"Bartel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1620-6","article-title":"Dynamics and genomic landscape of CD8(+) T cells undergoing hepatic priming","volume":"574","author":"Benechet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.005","article-title":"Restoration of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell function by PD-1 blockade in inactive carrier patients is linked to T cell differentiation","volume":"61","author":"Bengsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81920-0","article-title":"The immune response during hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"87","author":"Bertoletti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00126-0","article-title":"Translation of immunological knowledge into better treatments of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"39","author":"Bertoletti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02844-06","article-title":"Characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection","volume":"81","author":"Boni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28710","article-title":"Programmed death ligand 1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: Relationship With clinical and pathological features","volume":"64","author":"Calderaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192385","article-title":"Investigation of single and synergic effects of NLRC5 and PD-L1 variants on the risk of colorectal cancer","volume":"13","author":"Catalano","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0060","article-title":"Soluble immune checkpoint molecules: Serum markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"2","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Rep (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2271-4","article-title":"The correlation and prognostic value of serum levels of soluble programmed death protein 1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0855","article-title":"PD-L1 expression is characteristic of a subset of aggressive B-cell lymphomas and virus-associated malignancies","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.06.004","article-title":"Development of a sandwich ELISA for evaluating soluble PD-L1 (CD274) in human sera of different ages as well as supernatants of PD-L1+ cell lines","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02691.x","article-title":"Systematic review: The model for end-stage liver disease\u2013should it replace Child-Pugh's classification for assessing prognosis in cirrhosis?","volume":"22","author":"Cholongitas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12596","article-title":"The Prognostic Significance of Soluble Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nm730","article-title":"Tumor-associated B7\u2013H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60440-5","article-title":"Clinical significance of circulating soluble immune checkpoint proteins in sorafenib-treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13895","article-title":"PD-1 and its ligands are important immune checkpoints in cancer","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6902","article-title":"Variant SNPs at the microRNA complementary site in the B7H1 3'untranslated region increase the risk of nonsmall cell lung cancer","volume":"16","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061287","article-title":"Cytokines induced during chronic hepatitis B virus infection promote a pathway for NK cell-mediated liver damage","volume":"204","author":"Dunn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-019-01920-8","article-title":"Clinical role of serum programmed death ligand 1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Where does it come from?","volume":"50","author":"Elmezayen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0120","first-page":"144","article-title":"Cytokine patterns correlate with liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C","volume":"36","author":"Falasca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24577","article-title":"MicroRNA-29b suppresses tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by regulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression","volume":"54","author":"Fang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.03.002","article-title":"High levels of the soluble programmed death-ligand (sPD-L1) identify hepatocellular carcinoma patients with a poor prognosis","volume":"59","author":"Finkelmeier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisicaro, P., Valdatta, C., Massari, M., Loggi, E., Biasini, E., Sacchelli, L., Cavallo, M.C., Silini, E.M., Andreone, P., Missale, G. and Ferrari, C., 2010. Antiviral intrahepatic T-cell responses can be restored by blocking programmed death-1 pathway in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 138, 682-93, 693 e1-4.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.052"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2011.11.001","article-title":"Soluble B7\u2013H1: differences in production between dendritic cells and T cells","volume":"142","author":"Frigola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-0250","article-title":"Identification of a soluble form of B7\u2013H1 that retains immunosuppressive activity and is associated with aggressive renal cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Frigola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10939","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S260599","article-title":"PD-L1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Surgically Resected Limited Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-1608","article-title":"Overexpression of PD-L1 significantly associates with tumor aggressiveness and postoperative recurrence in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-018-2758-6","article-title":"Pre-treatment serum levels of soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 predict prognosis in patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"145","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashemi, M., Karami, S., Sarabandi, S., Moazeni-Roodi, A., Malecki, A., Ghavami, S. and Wiechec, E., 2019. Association between PD-1 and PD-L1 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Cancers (Basel) 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11081150"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-019-0903-y","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor ApaI polymorphism associated with progression of liver disease in Vietnamese patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus","volume":"20","author":"Hoan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1593\/tlo.13256","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating PD1-Positive Lymphocytes and FoxP3-Positive Regulatory T Cells Predict Distant Metastatic Relapse and Survival of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-019-00585-4","article-title":"PDCD1 and PDCD1LG1 polymorphisms affect the susceptibility to multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Kasamatsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18294","article-title":"Aberrant PD-L1 expression through 3'-UTR disruption in multiple cancers","volume":"534","author":"Kataoka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.11.027","article-title":"Clinical significance of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy","volume":"129","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0195","article-title":"The role of genetic polymorphism within PD-L1 gene in cancer","volume":"116","author":"Kula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Review. Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0200","article-title":"Pembrolizumab and atezolizumab in triple-negative breast cancer","author":"Kwapisz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25952","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25952","article-title":"PD-L1 polymorphism can predict clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2016.11.007","article-title":"Functional polymorphisms in PD-L1 gene are associated with the prognosis of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"599","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0215","article-title":"Prognostic value of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"issue":"326\u2013332","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0220","article-title":"Serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 as Biomarkers for Evaluating the Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-13-0034","article-title":"PD-L1 expression in the Merkel cell carcinoma microenvironment: association with inflammation, Merkel cell polyomavirus and overall survival","volume":"1","author":"Lipson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007122","article-title":"Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification","volume":"19","author":"Llovet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2384","article-title":"Evidence for a role of the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in immune resistance of HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Lyford-Pike","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000698","article-title":"Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression Is Common in Gastric Cancer Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus or Microsatellite Instability","volume":"40","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23706","article-title":"Expression profile and in vitro blockade of programmed death-1 in human papillomavirus-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Malm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29913","article-title":"Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"68","author":"Marrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.08.008","article-title":"Inverse correlation of soluble programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (sPD-L1) with eosinophil count and clinical severity in allergic rhinitis patients","volume":"66","author":"Nasiri Kalmarzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.11.023","article-title":"High plasma levels of soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 are prognostic for reduced survival in advanced lung cancer","volume":"104","author":"Okuma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3169","article-title":"Living in the liver: hepatic infections","volume":"12","author":"Protzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3251","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis: differential roles of T cells and NK cells","volume":"19","author":"Rehermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7092","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.10.7092-7102.1996","article-title":"Differential cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responsiveness to the hepatitis B and C viruses in chronically infected patients","volume":"70","author":"Rehermann","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00207","article-title":"The PD-1\/PD-L1 Axis and Virus Infections: A Delicate Balance","volume":"9","author":"Schonrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.108","article-title":"The diverse functions of the PD1 inhibitory pathway","volume":"18","author":"Sharpe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20649","article-title":"Regulatory T cells contribute to the impaired immune response in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"41","author":"Stoop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-014-1519-x","article-title":"PD-1(+) immune cell infiltration inversely correlates with survival of operable breast cancer patients","volume":"63","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-170357","article-title":"Correlation of PD-1\/PD-L1 polymorphisms and expressions with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of ovarian cancer","volume":"21","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22806","article-title":"MicroRNA-122, a tumor suppressor microRNA that regulates intrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Tsai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-019-1108-1","article-title":"Infiltrating stromal immune cells in inflammatory breast cancer are associated with an improved outcome and increased PD-L1 expression","volume":"21","author":"Van Berckelaer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa309","article-title":"EV PD-L1 is Correlated With Clinical Features and Contributes to T Cell Suppression in Pediatric Thyroid Cancer","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0320","first-page":"385","article-title":"IL-17 expression is correlated with hepatitis Brelated liver diseases and fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41228","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5682","article-title":"Serum levels of soluble programmed death ligand 1 predict treatment response and progression free survival in multiple myeloma","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0330","article-title":"Prognostic significance of PD-L1 in solid tumor: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1275-6","article-title":"A miR-570 binding site polymorphism in the B7\u2013H1 gene is associated with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.02.006","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and TNF-alpha up-regulate PD-L1 expression in human prostate and colon cancer cells","volume":"184","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2035","article-title":"T cell exhaustion","volume":"12","author":"Wherry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0350","unstructured":"WHO, 2017. Global hepatitis report. 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0309-228","article-title":"Many roads to maturity: microRNA biogenesis pathways and their regulation","volume":"11","author":"Winter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25512","article-title":"Sequential alterations of microRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma development and venous metastasis","volume":"55","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15732","article-title":"Profiles of serum soluble programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 levels in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients with different disease phases and after anti-viral treatment","volume":"51","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.06.069","article-title":"Correlations of PD-L1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese Han population","volume":"674","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.18784","article-title":"Increase of Soluble Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C","volume":"14","author":"Yamagiwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.42","article-title":"T-cell exhaustion in chronic hepatitis B infection: current knowledge and clinical significance","volume":"6","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm480","article-title":"Aberrant allele frequencies of the SNPs located in microRNA target sites are potentially associated with human cancers","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023621","article-title":"Upregulation of circulating PD-L1\/PD-1 is associated with poor post-cryoablation prognosis in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Zeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12597","article-title":"Activated natural killer cells accelerate liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"180","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0400","first-page":"104","article-title":"Level of circulating PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced gastric cancer and its clinical implications","volume":"26","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97671","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18311","article-title":"Soluble PD-1 and PD-L1: predictive and prognostic significance in cancer","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2018.12.002","article-title":"Association of PD-L1 gene rs4143815 C>G polymorphism and human cancer susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"215","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"}],"container-title":["Gene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378111921005308?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378111921005308?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T16:45:00Z","timestamp":1759855500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378111921005308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0378111921005308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of PD-L1 gene polymorphisms and circulating sPD-L1 levels with HBV infection susceptibility and related liver disease progression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gene","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145935","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"145935"}}