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PubMed PMID: 31434912; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6704103 K.R.M. all declare no competing interests. Dr. Ralph S Marcucio has an unpaid position on the Board of Directors for American Association of Anatomists and the International Section of Fracture Repair (ISFR) through the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS). He is also on the editorial board for the Journal of Orthopaedic Research and Developmental Biology. These disclosures do not represent a competing interest with the publication of this manuscript. Dr. Theodore Miclau III discloses Board or committee positions for the AO Foundation, Foundation of Orthopaedic Trauma, Inman Abbott Society, International Combined Orthopaedic Research Societies, International Orthopaedic Trauma Association, Orthopaedic Research Society, Orthopaedic Trauma Association, Osteosynthesis and Trauma Care Foundation, and San Francisco General Hospital Foundation. He has received research support from Baxter and is a Paid consultant for Arquos, Bone Therapeutics, NXTSENS, Surrozen, and Synthes with stock or stock options at Arquos. None of the paid positions are related to the work presented in this manuscript. Dr. Chelsea S Bahney discloses an unpaid position on the Board of Directors for Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS), Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society (TERMIS), and the International Section of Fracture Repair (ISFR). Further, Dr. Bahney is a paid employee of the non-profit Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI). SPRI exercises special care to identify any financial interests or relationships related to research conducted here. During the past calendar year, SPRI has received grant funding or in-kind donations from Arthrex, DJO, MLB, Ossur, Siemens, Smith & Nephew, XTRE, and philanthropy. These funding sources provided no support for the work presented in this manuscript."}],"container-title":["Gene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037811192600301X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037811192600301X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:29:23Z","timestamp":1785886163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S037811192600301X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S037811192600301X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150291","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Traumatic brain injury enhances fracture healing by upregulating VNN1 to activate the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gene","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150291","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). 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