{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T09:19:23Z","timestamp":1787822363693,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007334","name":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T07:00:08Z","timestamp":1784530808000},"page":"150328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Decoding rabies: Phylogenetic insights into the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes of rabies virus across domesticated, free-roaming and wild animals in India"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1010","author":[{"given":"Chandan","family":"Tilak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divakar","family":"Hemadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.N.","family":"Krupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishnaiah","family":"Sharada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshman","family":"Dilip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doddamane","family":"Rathnamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti B.","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Navya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.J.","family":"Ananda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.P.","family":"Manjunath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devi","family":"Binodkumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satarkar Pushpa","family":"Gopiram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halakatti","family":"Vijayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrikrishna","family":"Isloor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0005","series-title":"\u2018Rabies in South and Southeast Asia\u2019, in program and Abstracts of the WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies","author":"Bhatia","year":"2004"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7993","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700741104","article-title":"A high-resolution genetic signature of demographic and spatial expansion in epizootic rabies virus","volume":"104","author":"Biek","year":"2007","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-10-2545","article-title":"Ecology and evolution of rabies virus in Europe","volume":"80","author":"Bourhy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/003913-0","article-title":"The origin and phylogeography of dog rabies virus","volume":"89","author":"Bourhy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118201200090X","article-title":"Integrating the landscape epidemiology and genetics of RNA viruses: rabies in domestic dogs as a model","volume":"139","author":"Brunker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0030","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) and Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP) (2020) Rabies Information and Resources. Atlanta: CDC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.09.024","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Indian rabies virus isolates targeting the complete glycoprotein gene","volume":"36","author":"Cherian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011446","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic characterisation of rabies virus strains from Moldova and north-eastern Romania","volume":"17","author":"Dascalu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0045","unstructured":"Desai, A., Nagaraja, T., Muhamuda, K., Madhusudana, S. and Ravi, V. (2007) Rabies virus isolate NNV-RAB-H, complete genome. GenBank: EF437215.1. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/EF437215.1."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0050","first-page":"1105","article-title":"First field trial of third-generation oral rabies vaccine baits in a challenging environment","volume":"10","author":"Freuling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0055","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symposium Series"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003786","article-title":"Correction: estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies","volume":"9","author":"Hampson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281","article-title":"UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation","volume":"35","author":"Hoang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0070","first-page":"1012","article-title":"First case report of rabies in a wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) from India","volume":"1","author":"Isloor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Veterinary Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0075","unstructured":"Isloor, S., Yathiraj, S., Satyanarayana, M.L., Veeresh, B.H. and Prabhu, K.N. (2014) \u2018Advances in animal rabies research in India\u2019, in Proceedings of International Conference and 18th Asian Regional Meet of Commonwealth Veterinary Association, 20\u201324 February 2014, Bangalore, India, p. 138."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285","article-title":"ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates","volume":"14","author":"Kalyaanamoorthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae263","article-title":"MEGA12: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 12 for adaptive and green computing","volume":"41","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002786","article-title":"Molecular inferences suggest multiple host shifts of rabies viruses from bats to mesocarnivores in Arizona during 2001\u20132009","volume":"8","author":"Kuzmin","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W78","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268","article-title":"Interactive tree of Life (iTOL) v6: recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool","volume":"52","author":"Letunic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14333","article-title":"Rabies in the endangered Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) in India","volume":"68","author":"Mani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transboundary Emerg. Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1212.060514","article-title":"Isolation of Lagos bat virus from water mongoose","volume":"12","author":"Markotter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0905-8","article-title":"Whole-genome analysis of a human rabies virus from Sri Lanka","volume":"156","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-008-0223-3","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the full-length genome of a rabies virus isolate from India","volume":"36","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.04.004","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of nucleoprotein gene of dog rabies virus isolates from southern India","volume":"9","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11040756","article-title":"Developments in rabies vaccines: the path traversed from Pasteur to the modern era of immunization","volume":"11","author":"Natesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0130","unstructured":"National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) (2016) \u2018Chapter 1: Zoonoses - general aspects\u2019, in Zoonotic Diseases of Public Health Importance. New Delhi: Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2560","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002560","article-title":"Recent emergence and spread of an Arctic-related phylogenetic lineage of rabies virus in Nepal","volume":"7","author":"Pant","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0145","series-title":"In Proceedings of the International Conference and 18th Asian Regional Meet of Commonwealth Veterinary Association","first-page":"138","article-title":"A multipronged approach for detection of rabies virus in brain samples and complete nucleoprotein gene-based phylodynamics","author":"Prabhu","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-018-0478-9","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rabies virus circulating in domestic animals in India","volume":"29","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"VirusDisease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-011-0601-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Indian rabies virus isolates by partial sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes","volume":"43","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2011.12.011","article-title":"Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic test for the detection of rabies from brain material of European mammals","volume":"40","author":"Servat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00490-0","article-title":"Estimates of the burden of human rabies deaths and animal bites in India, 2022\u201323: a community-based cross-sectional survey and probability decision-tree modelling study","volume":"25","author":"Thangaraj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006041","article-title":"Large-scale phylogenomic analysis reveals the complex evolutionary history of rabies virus in multiple carnivore hosts","volume":"12","author":"Troupin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0180","series-title":"\u2018Complete nucleoprotein gene-based phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus in and around Bangalore, India\u2019, in Proceedings of APCRI Conference, 6\u20137 June 2012","first-page":"52","author":"Veeresh","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0185","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) (2018) Zero by 30: the global strategic plan to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3390\/v14010155","article-title":"Review of oral rabies vaccination of dogs and its application in India","volume":"14","author":"Yale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlife.2025.06.003","article-title":"Rabies virus glycoprotein: Structure, function, and antivirals","volume":"4","author":"You","year":"2026","journal-title":"hLife"}],"container-title":["Gene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378111926003380?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378111926003380?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:31:14Z","timestamp":1787819474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378111926003380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0378111926003380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding rabies: Phylogenetic insights into the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes of rabies virus across domesticated, free-roaming and wild animals in India","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gene","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150328","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"150328"}}