{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:49:50Z","timestamp":1791996590581,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":238,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005716","name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["724137506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["724137506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:48:10Z","timestamp":1790095690000},"page":"150416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Targeting host factors in antiviral therapy: new frontiers in combating viral infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1015","author":[{"given":"Kasra","family":"Javadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arghavan","family":"Zebardast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24049","article-title":"RNA targeting with CRISPR\u2013Cas13","volume":"550","author":"Abudayyeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ackerman, E. E., E. Kawakami, M. Katoh, T. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, Y. Tomita, T. J. Lopes, Y. Matsuoka, H. Kitano, J. E. Shoemaker, and Y. Kawaoka. 2018. 'Network-Guided Discovery of Influenza Virus Replication Host Factors', mBio, 9.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02002-18"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0015","unstructured":"Administration, U.S. Food and Drug. May 22, 2026. 'FDA Approves First Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) Infection'."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3390\/v18010125","article-title":"Host Cell Virus Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, Viral Pathogenesis, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets","volume":"18","author":"Alanazi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030602","article-title":"Hallmarks of metabolic reprogramming and their role in viral pathogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1248","article-title":"Targeting genomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA with siRNAs allows efficient inhibition of viral replication and spread","volume":"50","author":"Ambike","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-025-02428-3","article-title":"Measurement and clinical interpretation of CRISPR off-targets","volume":"58","author":"Angelini Stewart","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.145203","article-title":"Unveiling the translational and therapeutic potential of small interfering RNA molecules in combating SARS-CoV-2: a review","volume":"318","author":"Aram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-025-00125-z","article-title":"Strategies and efforts in circumventing the emergence of antiviral resistance against conventional antivirals","volume":"3","author":"Aw","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Antimicrobials and Resistance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgeed.2021.745559","article-title":"The Application of CRISPR\/Cas Systems for Antiviral Therapy","volume":"3","author":"Baddeley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Genome Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fviro.2022.935933","article-title":"Viral-host dependency factors as therapeutic targets to overcome antiviral drug-resistance: a focus on innate immune modulation","volume":"2","author":"Badia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-177","article-title":"Multiscale perspectives of virus entry via endocytosis","volume":"10","author":"Barrow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04687-4","article-title":"Assessing off-target effects in CRISPR\/Cas9: challenges and strategies for precision DNA editing","volume":"208","author":"Basit","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2018.067","article-title":"The Impact of CRISPR-Cas System on Antiviral Therapy","volume":"8","author":"Bayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051118","article-title":"Multifaceted role of AMPK in viral infections","volume":"10","author":"Bhutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1036\u201345","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0080","first-page":"e9","article-title":"Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19","volume":"181","author":"Blanco-Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2025.106103","article-title":"Lipid-targeting antiviral strategies: current state and future perspectives","volume":"236","author":"Bl\u00e1zquez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.016","article-title":"Treatment of chronic hepatitis D with the entry inhibitor myrcludex B: first results of a phase Ib\/IIa study","volume":"65","author":"Bogomolov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02186","article-title":"Common Nodes of Virus-Host Interaction Revealed through an Integrated Network Analysis","volume":"10","author":"B\u00f6sl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01788-x","article-title":"Harnessing antiviral RNAi therapeutics for pandemic viruses: SARS-CoV-2 and HIV","volume":"15","author":"Bowden-Reid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1855","article-title":"The TORrid affairs of viruses: effects of mammalian DNA viruses on the PI3K\u2013Akt\u2013mTOR signalling pathway","volume":"6","author":"Buchkovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cakir, M., K. Obernier, A. Forget, and N. J. Krogan. 2021. 'Target Discovery for Host-Directed Antiviral Therapies: Application of Proteomics Approaches', mSystems, 6: e0038821.","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00388-21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calistri, A., A. Luganini, B. Mognetti, E. Elder, G. Sibille, V. Conciatori, C. Del Vecchio, S. Sainas, D. Boschi, N. Montserrat, A. Mirazimi, M. L. Lolli, G. Gribaudo, and C. Parolin. 2021. 'The New Generation hDHODH Inhibitor MEDS433 Hinders the In Vitro Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses', Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081731"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0120","article-title":"Pharmacological Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase Prevents Uptake of SARS-CoV-2 by Epithelial Cells","volume":"1","author":"Carpinteiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilx026","article-title":"'Are RNA Viruses Candidate Agents for the Next Global Pandemic?","volume":"58","author":"Carrasco-Hernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"A Review', Ilar j"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2010.03.002","article-title":"Implications for lipids during replication of enveloped viruses","volume":"163","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.01.004","article-title":"RIG-I-like receptor regulation in virus infection and immunity","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0326-x","article-title":"Identification of preexisting adaptive immunity to Cas9 proteins in humans","volume":"25","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-037-9_23","article-title":"RNAi screening for host factors involved in viral infection using Drosophila cells","volume":"721","author":"Cherry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02876","article-title":"Restriction Factors: from Intrinsic Viral Restriction to Shaping Cellular Immunity against HIV-1","volume":"9","author":"Colomer-Lluch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0155","article-title":"Principles of virology","volume":"1","author":"Condit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fields Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3699","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84431","article-title":"HIF1\u03b1 and metabolic reprogramming in inflammation","volume":"126","author":"Corcoran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050732","article-title":"Host Cell Restriction Factors Blocking Efficient Vector Transduction: challenges in Lentiviral and Adeno-Associated Vector based Gene Therapies","volume":"12","author":"Coroadinha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050732","article-title":"Host cell restriction factors blocking efficient vector transduction: challenges in lentiviral and adeno-associated vector based gene therapies","volume":"12","author":"Coroadinha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05843-9","article-title":"Cas9 immunity creates challenges for CRISPR gene editing therapies","volume":"9","author":"Crudele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1002\/med.70003","article-title":"A Focus on Natural Autophagy Modulators as potential Host\u2010Directed Weapons against Emerging and Re\u2010Emerging Viruses","volume":"45","author":"Cursaro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.030","article-title":"Identification of Required Host Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Cells","volume":"184","author":"Daniloski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0195","unstructured":"CRISPR editing of CCR5 and HIV-1 facilitates viral elimination in antiretroviral drug-suppressed virus-infected humanized mice P.K. Dash C. Chen R. Kaminski Su. Hang P. Mancuso B. Sillman C. Zhang S. Liao S. Sravanam H. Liu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2023 e2217887120."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-014-0115-1","article-title":"Virus-host interactomics: new insights and opportunities for antiviral drug discovery","volume":"6","author":"Chassey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105403","article-title":"Brequinar and dipyridamole in combination exhibits synergistic antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro: Rationale for a host-acting antiviral treatment strategy for COVID-19","volume":"206","author":"Demarest","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/381661a0","article-title":"Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1","volume":"381","author":"Deng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061325","article-title":"Direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection\u2014From drug discovery to successful implementation in clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Dietz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007587","article-title":"Host factor prioritization for pan-viral genetic perturbation screens using random intercept models and network propagation","volume":"16","author":"Dirmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.07.006","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into the inhibition of NTCP by myrcludex B","volume":"1","author":"Donkers","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4721","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4721-4732.2005","article-title":"Maraviroc (UK-427,857), a potent, orally bioavailable, and selective small-molecule inhibitor of chemokine receptor CCR5 with broad-spectrum anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity","volume":"49","author":"Dorr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Du X. Hu P. Li S. Xu M. Kim X. Liu P. Zhan 'Antiviral drug discovery and development: challenges and future directions', Signal Transduct Target Ther 2026 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02539-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3295","article-title":"Evolutionary conflicts between viruses and restriction factors shape immunity","volume":"12","author":"Duggal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C392","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00442.2020","article-title":"The H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase): from proton pump to signaling complex in health and disease","volume":"320","author":"Eaton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.3390\/v15122399","article-title":"The influence of metabolism on immune response: a journey to understand immunometabolism in the context of viral infection","volume":"15","author":"Safadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197246","article-title":"Host-directed combinatorial RNAi improves inhibition of diverse strains of influenza a virus in human respiratory epithelial cells","volume":"13","author":"Estrin","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1138596","article-title":"Immunogenicity of CRISPR therapeutics-critical considerations for clinical translation","volume":"11","author":"Ewaisha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1138596","article-title":"Immunogenicity of CRISPR therapeutics\u2014Critical considerations for clinical translation","volume":"11","author":"Ewaisha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05214-0","article-title":"A systems biology-driven approach to construct a comprehensive protein interaction network of influenza a virus with its host","volume":"20","author":"Farooq","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1319","article-title":"Efficacy of short-term monotherapy with maraviroc, a new CCR5 antagonist, in patients infected with HIV-1","volume":"11","author":"F\u00e4tkenheuer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.12.011","article-title":"Mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress during viral infection","volume":"30","author":"Foo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"issue":"826\u201337","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0295","first-page":"e11","article-title":"Programmable inhibition and detection of RNA viruses using Cas13","volume":"76","author":"Freije","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2024.106062","article-title":"Host-targeting antivirals for chronic viral infections of the liver","volume":"234","author":"Frericks","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-022-00549-3","article-title":"Therapeutic siRNA: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives","volume":"36","author":"Friedrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.801870","article-title":"Selection and Validation of siRNAs Preventing Uptake and Replication of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"10","author":"Friedrich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2268","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2268","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation in viral diseases","volume":"32","author":"Ganesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24007-w","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-mediated dysregulation of metabolism and autophagy uncovers host-targeting antivirals","volume":"12","author":"Gassen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.050146-0","article-title":"Inhibition of rotavirus replication by downregulation of fatty acid synthesis","volume":"94","author":"Gaunt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0330","article-title":"Rationale and Application of PEGylated Lipid-based System for Advanced Target delivery of siRNA","volume":"11","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-013-0187-1","article-title":"Opportunities and risks of Host-targeting Antiviral strategies for Hepatitis C","volume":"12","author":"Gerold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Hepat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v17121588","article-title":"CRISPR Treatments for AI-Designed Synthetic Viruses: Rapid Programmable Countermeasures for Emerging and Engineered Viruses","volume":"17","author":"Gladue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1425\u201333","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0345","first-page":"e7","article-title":"Photocontrol of endogenous glycine receptors in vivo","volume":"27","author":"Gomila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2286-9","article-title":"A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing","volume":"583","author":"Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.03.011","article-title":"Overview of host-directed antiviral targets for future research and drug development","volume":"15","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.4.2306-2312.1995","article-title":"Requirement for vacuolar proton-ATPase activity during entry of influenza virus into cells","volume":"69","author":"Guinea","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0803152","article-title":"Maraviroc for previously treated patients with R5 HIV-1 infection","volume":"359","author":"Gulick","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100849","article-title":"Efficacy of the TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat mesilate in patients hospitalized with Covid-19-a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Gunst","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14040841","article-title":"Lethal Mutagenesis of RNA Viruses and Approved Drugs with Antiviral Mutagenic activity","volume":"14","author":"Hadj Hassine","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6027","article-title":"Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"369","author":"Hadjadj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v12121394","article-title":"IMU-838, a Developmental DHODH Inhibitor in phase II for Autoimmune Disease, shows Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Efficacy In Vitro","volume":"12","author":"Hahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020568","article-title":"Targeting Human Proteins for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Repurposing efforts: a Focus on Protein Kinases","volume":"15","author":"Hajjo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.2008\/004606-0","article-title":"The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza a viruses","volume":"89","author":"Hale","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181ee3d82","article-title":"Two-year safety and virologic efficacy of maraviroc in treatment-experienced patients with CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection: 96-week combined analysis of MOTIVATE 1 and 2","volume":"55","author":"Hardy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.116069","article-title":"Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses","volume":"265","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.84.2.404","article-title":"On the entry of Semliki forest virus into BHK-21 cells","volume":"84","author":"Helenius","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00186214","article-title":"Influenza virus-induced lung injury: pathogenesis and implications for treatment","volume":"45","author":"Herold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01804-5","article-title":"Association between FIASMA psychotropic medications and reduced risk of intubation or death in individuals with psychiatric disorders hospitalized for severe COVID-19: an observational multicenter study","volume":"12","author":"Hoertel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5777","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101143108","article-title":"Broad-spectrum antiviral that interferes with de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis","volume":"108","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00754-20","article-title":"Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19","volume":"64","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"779\u201384","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0440","first-page":"e5","article-title":"A multibasic cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection of human lung cells","volume":"78","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MR0717-307R","article-title":"Interferons and beyond: Induction of antiretroviral restriction factors","volume":"103","author":"Hotter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0450","article-title":"Integrated multi-omics analyses identify key anti-viral host factors and pathways controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Sq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0455","series-title":"Improving mitochondrial function in viral infection: targeting cellular metabolism","author":"Huckestein","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04635-1","article-title":"Seven classes of antiviral agents","volume":"79","author":"Ianevski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.02.044","article-title":"Bioinformatics approaches for unveiling virus-host interactions","volume":"21","author":"Iuchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00896","article-title":"Modulation of HIV-1 replication by RNA interference","volume":"418","author":"Jacque","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209026","article-title":"Treatment of HCV infection by targeting microRNA","volume":"368","author":"Janssen","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21664","article-title":"Medicinal chemistry strategies toward host targeting antiviral agents","volume":"40","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2015.04.004","article-title":"HIV suppression by host restriction factors and viral immune evasion","volume":"31","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2025.102636","article-title":"Off-target effects in CRISPR-Cas genome editing for human therapeutics: Progress and challenges","volume":"36","author":"Kalter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-023-00981-9","article-title":"Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutic applications against viruses: principles, potential, and challenges","volume":"30","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.162","article-title":"Host-directed therapies for bacterial and viral infections","volume":"17","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00916","article-title":"Lipid-Nanoparticle-based delivery of CRISPR\/Cas9 Genome-Editing Components","volume":"19","author":"Kazemian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092818-015748","article-title":"Virus Impact on Lipids and Membranes","volume":"6","author":"Ketter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2022.12.001","article-title":"Clinical progress in genome-editing technology and in vivo delivery techniques","volume":"39","author":"Khirallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008777","article-title":"The later stages of viral infection: an undiscovered country of host dependency factors","volume":"16","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7011","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02581-06","article-title":"Multiple anti-interferon actions of the influenza a virus NS1 protein","volume":"81","author":"Kochs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3625","article-title":"RNA therapeutics: beyond RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotides","volume":"11","author":"Kole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0535","series-title":"Functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs)","first-page":"169","author":"Kornhuber","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.04.004","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas based targeting of host and viral genes as an antiviral strategy","volume":"96","author":"Koujah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.143","article-title":"The rise of epigenetic targets for the development of novel antivirals","volume":"10","author":"Kristie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0555","first-page":"25","article-title":"'CRISPR Technology in Antiviral Therapy: Advancements, applications, and Implications', DY Patil Journal of","volume":"13","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00168-19","article-title":"Host-Directed Antiviral Therapy","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2024.110239","article-title":"Evolution of drug resistance against antiviral agents that target cellular factors","volume":"600","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.2020598","article-title":"Pharmacologically induced endolysosomal cholesterol imbalance through clinically licensed drugs itraconazole and fluoxetine impairs Ebola virus infection in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Kummer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1853","article-title":"Viral and cellular RNA helicases as antiviral targets","volume":"4","author":"Kwong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae227","article-title":"A phase III Randomized Controlled Trial of Plitidepsin, a Marine-Derived compound, in Hospitalized adults with Moderate COVID-19","volume":"79","author":"Landete","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3003","article-title":"The role of mutational robustness in RNA virus evolution","volume":"11","author":"Lauring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8355","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00642-14","article-title":"A genome-wide small interfering RNA screen identifies host factors required for vesicular stomatitis virus infection","volume":"88","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Lee 'CRISPR\/Cas9-Based Antiviral Strategy: Current Status and the Potential Challenge', Molecules 2019 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071349"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00280","article-title":"Systems Virology and Human Cytomegalovirus: using High Throughput Approaches to Identify Novel Host-Virus Interactions during Lytic Infection","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03414-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral regimen for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13965-x","article-title":"Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies host dependency factors for influenza a virus infection","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119711","article-title":"Ex vivo cell-based CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing for therapeutic applications","volume":"234","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2022.01.012","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene disruption of HIV-1 co-receptors confers broad resistance to infection in human T cells and humanized mice","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy Methods & Clinical Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0615","article-title":"Cellular metabolism hijacked by viruses for immunoevasion: potential antiviral targets","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0630","first-page":"3566","article-title":"Effect of viral infection on host cell metabolism: a review","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, Qian, Yu Zhang, Ying Chu, Yi Ding, Zhen Liu, Xianyi Zhao, Yizheng Wang, Jie Wan, Yijie Ding, and Prayag Tiwari. 2025. 'Application of artificial intelligence in drug-target interactions prediction: a review', npj biomedical innovations, 2: 1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s44385-024-00003-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.01.001","article-title":"Chromatin regulation of virus infection","volume":"14","author":"Lieberman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-020-00534-w","article-title":"Targeting viral cccDNA for cure of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"19","author":"Ligat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Hepatol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2014.07.015","article-title":"Interferons: Success in anti-viral immunotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.03.020","article-title":"Curing a viral infection by targeting the host: the example of cyclophilin inhibitors","volume":"99","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0660","article-title":"Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46706-w","article-title":"Structure of antiviral drug bulevirtide bound to hepatitis B and D virusreceptor protein NTCP","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2174\/0113895575311618240820103549","article-title":"Repurposing of CDK Inhibitors as Host Targeting Antivirals: a Mini- Review","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00658-23","article-title":"Virus hijacking of host epigenetic machinery to impair immune response","volume":"97","author":"Locatelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0680","volume":"mBio, 16","author":"Loperena Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2025","journal-title":"'mammalian Fatty Acid Synthase: a Commonly Used Viral Host Dependency Factor and a Putative Target for Host-Targeted Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Therapeutic Development'"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2025.106099","article-title":"DHODH inhibitors: what will it take to get them into the clinic as antivirals?","volume":"236","author":"Luganini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2021.105057","article-title":"Effective deploying of a novel DHODH inhibitor against herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 replication","volume":"189","author":"Luganini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.2016.1147353","article-title":"Proteomic approaches to uncovering virus-host protein interactions during the progression of viral infection","volume":"13","author":"Lum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.14.86","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches for discovery of HIV-host interactions","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00762-x","article-title":"Drug delivery systems for CRISPR-based genome editors","volume":"22","author":"Madigan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01857-23","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of genome-wide pooled CRISPR screens to identify host factors involved in influenza a virus infection","volume":"98","author":"Maes","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092340","article-title":"Regulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"10","author":"Malkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/nm946","article-title":"HIV-1 Vif protein binds the editing enzyme APOBEC3G and induces its degradation","volume":"9","author":"Marin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.10.003","article-title":"Assessment of drug candidates for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy targeting cellular pyrimidine biosynthesis","volume":"100","author":"Marschall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2025.106100","article-title":"Targeting PI4KB and Src\/Abl host kinases as broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Myth or real opportunity?","volume":"235","author":"Martina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0735","article-title":"Emerging Host-Targeted Antivirals for respiratory Viruses: Antivirals Targeting Virus elements versus host Mechanisms","volume":"101311","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2026","journal-title":"Next Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020525","article-title":"Immunometabolic signature during respiratory viral infection: a potential target for host-directed therapies","volume":"15","author":"dos Reis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060208-104626","article-title":"Virus entry by endocytosis","volume":"79","author":"Mercer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7473","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00136-12","article-title":"Ebolavirus requires acid sphingomyelinase activity and plasma membrane sphingomyelin for infection","volume":"86","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.03.001","article-title":"Current Progress in Non-viral RNAi-Based delivery strategies to Lymphocytes","volume":"25","author":"Mizrahy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3283223d46","article-title":"A pi\u00e8ce de resistance: how HIV-1 escapes small molecule CCR5 inhibitors","volume":"4","author":"Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3283223d46","article-title":"A piece de resistance: how HIV-1 escapes small molecule CCR5 inhibitors","volume":"4","author":"Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300132","article-title":"A Randomized Trial of Nafamostat for Covid-19","volume":"2","author":"Morpeth","year":"2023","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3390\/v3071112","article-title":"Systems-biology approaches to discover anti-viral effectors of the human innate immune response","volume":"3","author":"M\u00fcnk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16958","DOI":"10.1021\/ja505986a","article-title":"Multivalent N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated siRNA localizes in hepatocytes and elicits robust RNAi-mediated gene silencing","volume":"136","author":"Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08197-9","article-title":"A pan-viral map of host dependency factors from multi-omics integration and machine learning across influenza a, SARS-CoV-2, Zika, and dengue viruses","author":"Naseri","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.70","article-title":"A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists","volume":"16","author":"O'Neill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144648","article-title":"Direct inhibition of cellular fatty acid synthase impairs replication of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses","volume":"10","author":"Ohol","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2017.03.010","article-title":"Human pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis as a target for antiviral chemotherapy","volume":"48","author":"Okesli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5928","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185928","article-title":"The antiviral effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a dual D-glucose and D-mannose mimetic, against SARS-CoV-2 and other highly pathogenic viruses","volume":"27","author":"Paj\u0105k","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pant, A., L. Dsouza, and Z. Yang. 2021. 'Alteration in Cellular Signaling and Metabolic Reprogramming during Viral Infection', mBio, 12: e0063521.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00635-21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.12.004","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of recently-developed siRNA nanomedicines","volume":"104","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2423","article-title":"The science of direct-acting antiviral and host-targeted agent therapy","volume":"17","author":"Pawlotsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2009.06.003","article-title":"Virus-host interactions: from systems biology to translational research","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-10-2595","article-title":"Involvement of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in animal virus entry","volume":"75","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-10-2595","article-title":"Involvement of the vacuolar H+-ATPase in animal virus entry","volume":"75","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13211789","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances induced by viral infections","volume":"13","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pleschka, S. 2024. 'Special Issue \u201cHost Targeted Therapeutics Against Virus Infections\u201d', Viruses, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/v16121825"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108051","article-title":"Endolysosomes as a sorting hub for emerging viruses: Gatekeepers of cellular defense, viral fate and promising therapeutic target","volume":"222","author":"Post","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2026.119738","article-title":"Acid sphingomyelinase is an age-dependent host cell factor for adenovirus entry and a pharmacological target for synergistic combination therapy with brincidofovir","volume":"201","author":"Post","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0860","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maraviroc: the evidence for its potential in the management of HIV","volume":"2","author":"Profit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Core Evid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4027","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12064027","article-title":"Systematic approaches towards the development of host-directed antiviral therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Prussia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.29","article-title":"A CRISPR toolbox to study virus\u2013host interactions","volume":"15","author":"Puschnik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005466","article-title":"siRNA Screen Identifies trafficking Host Factors that Modulate Alphavirus Infection","volume":"12","author":"Radoshitzky","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-021-00433-4","article-title":"Influenza a virus (H1N1) infection induces glycolysis to facilitate viral replication","volume":"36","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2008.131","article-title":"Misinterpreting the therapeutic effects of small interfering RNA caused by immune stimulation","volume":"19","author":"Robbins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2020.05.001","article-title":"Climate change and viral emergence: evidence from Aedes-borne arboviruses","volume":"40","author":"Robert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1086\/513440","article-title":"Multilocus polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment\u2014length polymorphism genotyping of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease): taxonomic and clinical applications","volume":"195","author":"Rozas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01795-9","article-title":"AMPK activation inhibits the functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): impact on cancer and aging","volume":"97","author":"Salminen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.02.038","article-title":"Viral activation of cellular metabolism","volume":"479","author":"Sanchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1132501","article-title":"Therapeutic developments for SARS-CoV-2 infection\u2014molecular mechanisms of action of antivirals and strategies for mitigating resistance in emerging variants in clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"S\u0103ndulescu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1829082","article-title":"Targeting the endolysosomal host-SARS-CoV-2 interface by clinically licensed functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA) including the antidepressant fluoxetine","volume":"9","author":"Schloer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15418","article-title":"Drug synergy of combinatory treatment with remdesivir and the repurposed drugs fluoxetine and itraconazole effectively impairs SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro","volume":"178","author":"Schloer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2017.4033","article-title":"Repurposing of Kinase Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs","volume":"37","author":"Schor","year":"2018","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2025.106101","article-title":"Host-targeted antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical development - Prospect or disappointment?","volume":"235","author":"Schreiber","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.029","article-title":"COVID-19 and the human innate immune system","volume":"184","author":"Schultze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0017-4","article-title":"The current state and future directions of RNAi-based therapeutics","volume":"18","author":"Setten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-100520-011851","article-title":"Systems Biology of Virus-Host Protein Interactions: from Hypothesis Generation to Mechanisms of Replication and Pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2179-y","article-title":"Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"581","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/nm945","article-title":"The antiretroviral enzyme APOBEC3G is degraded by the proteasome in response to HIV-1 Vif","volume":"9","author":"Sheehy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00939","article-title":"Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein","volume":"418","author":"Sheehy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102281","article-title":"The Novel hDHODH Inhibitor MEDS433 Prevents Influenza Virus Replication by Blocking Pyrimidine Biosynthesis","volume":"14","author":"Sibille","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.11.004","article-title":"IFITM proteins-cellular inhibitors of viral entry","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.01.013","article-title":"Delivery of CRISPR-Cas tools for in vivo genome editing therapy: Trends and challenges","volume":"342","author":"Taha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1207-1383","article-title":"Systems biology and the host response to viral infection","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300662","article-title":"Gene editing of CCR5 in autologous CD4 T cells of persons infected with HIV","volume":"370","author":"Tebas","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.08.015","article-title":"Endothelial cells are central orchestrators of cytokine amplification during influenza virus infection","volume":"146","author":"Teijaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10863","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01109-10","article-title":"A maraviroc-resistant HIV-1 with narrow cross-resistance to other CCR5 antagonists depends on both N-terminal and extracellular loop domains of drug-bound CCR5","volume":"84","author":"Tilton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.05015-11","article-title":"Into the eye of the cytokine storm","volume":"76","author":"Tisoncik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.06.054","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of camostat mesylate in early COVID-19 disease in an ambulatory setting: a randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial","volume":"122","author":"Tobback","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1735254","article-title":"Intersection of inflammation and viral replication: the central role of MAPK signaling in viral respiratory infections","volume":"16","author":"Tripp","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206776361156","article-title":"Antiviral therapy targeting viral polymerase","volume":"12","author":"Tsai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0382-3","article-title":"Epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation of viral replication","volume":"18","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01387","article-title":"CRISPR Gene Therapy: applications, Limitations, and Implications for the Future","volume":"10","author":"Uddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00468-6","article-title":"Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"19","author":"V\u2019kovski, Philip, Annika Kratzel, Silvio Steiner, Hanspeter Stalder, and Volker Thiel.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-907X-1-14","article-title":"A status report on RNAi therapeutics","volume":"1","author":"Vaishnaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Silence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00793-y","article-title":"RNA-targeting CRISPR\u2013Cas systems","volume":"21","author":"van Beljouw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-022-00690-0","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Vidofludimus Calcium in patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, phase2 Trial","volume":"11","author":"Vehreschild","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vere Hodge, A., and H. J. Field. General Mechanisms of Antiviral Resistance (Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Disease. 2011:339-62. doi: 10.1016\/B978-0-12-384890-1.00013-3. Epub 2010 Dec 24.).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384890-1.00013-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.10.013","article-title":"Targeting host lipid synthesis and metabolism to inhibit dengue and hepatitis C viruses","volume":"124","author":"Villareal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1065","article-title":"Host-directed therapy with 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits human rhinoviruses, endemic coronaviruses, and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"8","author":"Wali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Virus Erad."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-021-00450-3","article-title":"mTOR signaling: the interface linking cellular metabolism and hepatitis B virus replication","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.05.014","article-title":"Cyclophilin B is a functional regulator of hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase","volume":"19","author":"Watashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213429","article-title":"A phase 3, Randomized Trial of Bulevirtide in Chronic Hepatitis D","volume":"389","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3901","article-title":"Regulation of innate immune cell function by mTOR","volume":"15","author":"Weichhart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.10.4909-4920.2006","article-title":"Emergence of CXCR4-using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants in a minority of HIV-1-infected patients following treatment with the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc is from a pretreatment CXCR4-using virus reservoir","volume":"80","author":"Westby","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4058","article-title":"Plitidepsin has potent preclinical efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the host protein eEF1A","volume":"371","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.115073","article-title":"RNAi therapies: Expanding applications for extrahepatic diseases and overcoming delivery challenges","volume":"201","author":"Won Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan0241","article-title":"RNAi-based treatment of chronically infected patients and chimpanzees reveals that integrated hepatitis B virus DNA is a source of HBsAg","volume":"9","author":"Wooddell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13150","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13150","article-title":"Human genome-wide RNAi screen reveals host factors required for enterovirus 71 replication","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00768-w","article-title":"Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH are broad-spectrum antivirals against RNA viruses including newly-emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2","volume":"11","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1120","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Virus entry at a glance","volume":"126","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2229","article-title":"Intrinsic antiviral immunity","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27010147","article-title":"Targeting Host Dependency Factors: a Paradigm Shift in Antiviral Strategy against RNA Viruses","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.03.005","article-title":"Permanent Inactivation of HBV Genomes by CRISPR\/Cas9-Mediated Non-cleavage Base Editing","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.12.017","article-title":"Evidence that selective changes in the lipid composition of raft-membranes occur during respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"386","author":"Yeo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3763","article-title":"Non-viral vectors for gene-based therapy","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002738","article-title":"Global siRNA screen identifies human host factors critical for SARS-CoV-2 replication and late stages of infection","volume":"23","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)47429-2","article-title":"Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells","volume":"266","author":"Yoshimori","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)47429-2","article-title":"Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H (+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells","volume":"266","author":"Yoshimori","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2024.199314","article-title":"Harnessing CRISPR technology for viral therapeutics and vaccines: from preclinical studies to clinical applications","volume":"341","author":"Zahedipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00924-9","volume":"59","author":"Zeitlinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13342","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: alisporivir combined with peginterferon and ribavirin in treatment-na\u00efve patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection (ESSENTIAL II)","volume":"42","author":"Zeuzem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00194F","article-title":"Nucleic acid degradation as barrier to gene delivery: a guide to understand and overcome nuclease activity","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02460-1","article-title":"Immunometabolism: crosstalk with tumor metabolism and implications for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Yan, Lining Zhang, Zehong Zhang, Yuxi Lin, Zexu Jiang, and Fulong Yu. 2026. 'Explainable AI multiomics analysis reveals shared and divergent host responses in COVID-19 and influenza', npj Digital Medicine.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-02291-w"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.08.013","article-title":"Recent advances on viral manipulation of NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21213-4","article-title":"A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies host factors that regulate SARS-CoV-2 entry","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2016.10.019","article-title":"Clinical Proof of Concept for a Novel Hepatocyte-Targeting GalNAc-siRNA Conjugate","volume":"25","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.12.007","article-title":"Pangenotypic direct acting antivirals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Zoratti","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416_b1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30305-6","article-title":"Reducing mortality from 2019-nCoV: host-directed therapies should be an option","volume":"395","author":"Zumla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Gene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378111926004269?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378111926004269?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:21:50Z","timestamp":1791994910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378111926004269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":238,"alternative-id":["S0378111926004269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Targeting host factors in antiviral therapy: new frontiers in combating viral infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gene","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2026.150416","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"150416"}}