{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:27:49Z","timestamp":1788280069877,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["General Hospital Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,8]],"date-time":"2011-06-08T04:44:04Z","timestamp":1307508244000},"page":"398-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Olfactory reference syndrome: demographic and clinical features of imagined body odor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Menard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0005","first-page":"226","article-title":"Two cases of hallucination of smell","author":"Potts","year":"1891","journal-title":"U Penn Med Mag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)47039-5","article-title":"Three cases of parosmia: causes and treatment","author":"Tilley","year":"1895","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0015","series-title":"Olfaction and the Brain","first-page":"334","article-title":"Delusions of body malodour: the olfactory reference syndrome","author":"Phillips","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0020","first-page":"141","article-title":"Fear of emitting bad odors","volume":"24","author":"Yamada","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull Yam Med School"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0025","first-page":"49","article-title":"How to help patients with olfactory reference syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1971.tb03705.x","article-title":"An olfactory reference syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Pryse-Phillips","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0035","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0040","series-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0447.2003.00195.x","article-title":"Do olfactory reference syndrome and jiko-shu-kyofu (a subtype of taijin-kyofu) share a common entity?","volume":"109","author":"Suzuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6394(1997)5:3<115::AID-DA1>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Social anxiety (phobia) and east Asian culture","volume":"5","author":"Chang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0055","series-title":"The World Biennial of Psychiatry in Psychotherapy","article-title":"Ereuthophobia and allied conditions: a contribution toward the psychopathological and crosscultural study of a borderline state","author":"Kasahara","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20688","article-title":"Olfactory reference syndrome: issues for DSM-V","volume":"27","author":"Feusner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0065","series-title":"Fears, Phobias, and Rituals","author":"Marks","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09l05040","article-title":"Olfactory reference syndrome as a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder (letter)","volume":"71","author":"Prazeres","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.1.96","article-title":"Is olfactory reference syndrome an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder?: two cases and a discussion","volume":"10","author":"Stein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4807169","article-title":"Delusional halitosis. Review of the literature and analysis of 32 cases","volume":"168","author":"Iwu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.3.428","article-title":"Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis in developing countries","volume":"159","author":"Osman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Olfactory reference syndrome: a systematic review of the world literature","author":"Begum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.2.302","article-title":"Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness","volume":"150","author":"Phillips","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.5.907","article-title":"A 12-month follow-up study of the course of body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"163","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.4.381","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"59","author":"Phillips","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0110","first-page":"17","article-title":"A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale","volume":"33","author":"Phillips","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007","article-title":"The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, use, and reliability","volume":"46","author":"Goodman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008","article-title":"The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: II. Validity","volume":"46","author":"Goodman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.102","article-title":"The Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale: reliability and validity","volume":"155","author":"Eisen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080032005","article-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): I. History, rationale, and description","volume":"49","author":"Spitzer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0135","first-page":"714","article-title":"Rating scales and assessment instruments for use in pediatric psychopharmacology research","volume":"21","author":"Rapoport","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900025414","article-title":"A prospective pilot study of levetiracetam for body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"14","author":"Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0615","article-title":"An open-label study of citalopram in body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"64","author":"Phillips","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378703200212","article-title":"DSM-III: problems in diagnosis of paranoia and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"32","author":"Ross","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055738","article-title":"A case of olfactory hallucination in a hypochondriacal prisoner","volume":"29","author":"Harriman","year":"1934","journal-title":"J Abnorm Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1919.02610180005003","article-title":"Bromidrosiphobia","volume":"72","author":"Sutton","year":"1919","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0165","first-page":"517","article-title":"Trimethylaminuria: the fish malodor syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Mitchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.2.256","article-title":"Olfactory delusional syndrome with various aetiologies","volume":"156","author":"Malasi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0175","first-page":"57","article-title":"An olfactory reference syndrome \u2014 monosymptomatic hypochondriasis","volume":"41","author":"Bishop","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378202700504","article-title":"Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis: a diagnostic checklist based on 50 cases of the disorder","volume":"27","author":"Munro","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0185","series-title":"Practical Leads to Puzzling Diagnoses","author":"Alvarez","year":"1958"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.5.674","article-title":"Dysmorphophobic avoidance with disturbed bodily perception: a pilot study of exposure therapy","volume":"152","author":"Marks","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0195","series-title":"Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook","author":"Engel","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.56","article-title":"Olfactory epileptic auras","volume":"51","author":"Acharya","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.25902.x","article-title":"Olfactory auras in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.12.1623","article-title":"Progression of olfactory reference syndrome to mania: a case report","volume":"139","author":"Davidson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.12.1608","article-title":"Monosymptomatic hypochondriasis treated with tricyclic antidepressants","volume":"141","author":"Brotman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0220","first-page":"328","article-title":"Olfactory reference syndrome: diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis","volume":"49","author":"Lochner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(52)90096-2","article-title":"Olfactory hallucinations as a proctologic manifestation of early schizophrenia","volume":"84","author":"Forte","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0924933800003564","article-title":"Dysmorphophobia: clinical features and outcome with behavior therapy","volume":"9","author":"Gomez-Perez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.138.1.64","article-title":"Solitary psychosis \u2014 three cases of monosymptomatic delusion of alimentary stench treated with behavioural psychotherapy","volume":"138","author":"Beary","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n1106e","article-title":"Olfactory reference syndrome responds to clomipramine but not fluoxetine: a case report","volume":"58","author":"Dominguez","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0245","first-page":"55","article-title":"Senile depression with olfactory reference syndrome: a psychopathological review","volume":"5","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2003.09.010","article-title":"Insight in obsessive compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"45","author":"Eisen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20232","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder versus body dysmorphic disorder: a comparison study of two possibly related disorders","volume":"24","author":"Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.05.001","article-title":"Delusional vs nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder","volume":"51","author":"Mancuso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2007.12.003","article-title":"Treating body dysmorphic disorder with medication: evidence, misconceptions, and a suggested approach","volume":"5","author":"Phillips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Body Image"}],"container-title":["General Hospital Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163834311001277?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163834311001277?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:48:18Z","timestamp":1759013298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163834311001277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163834311001277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-8343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-8343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Olfactory reference syndrome: demographic and clinical features of imagined body odor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"General Hospital Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}