{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:17:04Z","timestamp":1793110624433,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":362,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32MH112485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32MH112485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["General Hospital Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T12:10:53Z","timestamp":1697199053000},"page":"133-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The diagnosis of malingering in general hospitals in the United States: A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Punko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Luccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashika","family":"Bains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"MacLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Kontos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott R.","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.12.007","article-title":"The therapeutic discharge II: an approach to documentation in the setting of feigned suicidal ideation","volume":"51","author":"Kontos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.03.010","article-title":"The therapeutic discharge: an approach to dealing with deceptive patients","volume":"46","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2017.04.005","article-title":"Teaching psychiatric trainees to \u201cthink dirty\u201d: uncovering hidden motivations and deception","volume":"58","author":"Beach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-014-0253-1","article-title":"Screening for malingering in the emergency department","volume":"39","author":"Zubera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0030","series-title":"Clinical assessment of malingering and deception","author":"Rogers","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0035","series-title":"Dying to be ill: true stories of medical deception","author":"Feldman","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910.19.2.62","article-title":"Prevalence of malingering in inpatient suicide ideators and attempters","volume":"19","author":"Rissmiller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1999.84.3.726","article-title":"Prevalence of malingering in suicidal psychiatric inpatients: a replication","volume":"84","author":"Rissmiller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.47.9.998","article-title":"Feigned psychiatric symptoms in the emergency room","volume":"47","author":"Yates","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800140","article-title":"Malingering in the psychiatric emergency department: prevalence, predictors, and outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Rumschik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.24.8.1094.8379","article-title":"Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration","volume":"24","author":"Mittenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0065","series-title":"Malingering, feigning, and response Bias in psychiatric\/psychological injury: implications for practice and court","author":"Young","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00734-6","article-title":"Racial and gender disparities in diagnosis of malingering in clinical settings","volume":"7","author":"Udoetuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0075","series-title":"HCUP National Inpatient Sample","author":"Healthcare cCost and uUtilization pProject (HCUP)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0080","series-title":"International statistical classification of diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0085","series-title":"HCUP Clinical Classifications Software Refined (CCSR) for ICD-10-CM diagnoses","volume":"2021","author":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","article-title":"The REporting of studies conducted using observational routinely-collected health data (RECORD) statement","volume":"12","author":"Benchimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516047113","article-title":"Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites","volume":"113","author":"Hoffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08498-8","article-title":"Associations of health literacy with socioeconomic position, health risk behavior, and health status: a large national population-based survey among Danish adults","volume":"20","author":"Svendsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0105","series-title":"Health literacy","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01466","article-title":"Structural racism in historical and modern US health care policy","volume":"41","author":"Yearby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/2372732214548430","article-title":"Reducing racial health care disparities: a social psychological analysis","volume":"1","author":"Penner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0120","series-title":"Implicit Association Test","author":"Greenwald","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa074","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa074","article-title":"In-hospital illicit drug use and patient-directed discharge: barriers to care for patients with injection-related infections","volume":"7","author":"Eaton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open forumInfect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-2964","article-title":"Retiring the \u201cagainst medical advice\u201d discharge","volume":"175","author":"Kleinman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.08.002","article-title":"Malingering and comorbid psychopathology: evidence from the 2016-2017 Nationwide emergency department sample","volume":"73","author":"Dell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.05.016","article-title":"Suicide and self-harm outcomes among psychiatric emergency service patients diagnosed as malingering","volume":"61","author":"Simpson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269509005824","article-title":"The sickle cell painful crisis in adults: Phs and objective signs","volume":"19","author":"Ballas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"}],"container-title":["General Hospital Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163834323001639?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163834323001639?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:56:15Z","timestamp":1759013775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163834323001639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0163834323001639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-8343"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-8343","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The diagnosis of malingering in general hospitals in the United States: A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"General Hospital Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}