{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T22:18:45Z","timestamp":1779401925522,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011087","name":"Foundation Fiat Panis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geoderma Regional"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]],"date-time":"2015-07-02T11:04:44Z","timestamp":1435835084000},"page":"157-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Total elemental composition of soils in Sub-Saharan Africa and relationship with soil forming factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Erick K.","family":"Towett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith D.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome E.","family":"Tondoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh A.","family":"Winowiecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamene","family":"Lulseged","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercy","family":"Nyambura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Sila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor-G.","family":"V\u00e5gen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Cadisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2010.12.001","article-title":"Accumulations of major and trace elements in particle size fractions of soils on eight different parent materials","volume":"161","author":"Acosta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2005.1151.1157","article-title":"TXRF characterization of EDTA extractable metals from soils of bituminous sands occurrence area, Agbabu, South Western Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Adebiyi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0015","first-page":"353","article-title":"Trace elements contamination of soils around gold mine tailings dams at Obuasi, Ghana","volume":"3","author":"Antwi-Agyei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random Forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0025","series-title":"Doc-M81-EXX001-V1","article-title":"S2 Picofox User Manual","author":"Bruker","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.04.023","article-title":"Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization \u2014 Chicago, Illinois, USA","volume":"24","author":"Cannon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/713610004","article-title":"Conducting ecological risk assessments of inorganic metals and metalloids: current status","volume":"9","author":"Chapman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0040","series-title":"World Soil Resources Map","author":"FAO\/EC\/ISRIC","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.04.024","article-title":"Process recognition in multi-element soil and stream-sediment geochemical data","volume":"24","author":"Grunsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0060","series-title":"Technical Report 1998-6E Land Resource Unit","article-title":"Status of selected trace elements in agricultural soils of southern Manitoba","author":"Haluschak","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0050","series-title":"Handbook of Soil Science","first-page":"B3","article-title":"The chemical composition of soils","author":"Helmke","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0065","series-title":"The concentration of selected trace metals in South African soils","author":"Herselman","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1276","article-title":"Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas","volume":"25","author":"Hijmans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0055","series-title":"Trace Elements in Soils","author":"Hooda","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0080","series-title":"Factors of Soil Formation: A System of Quantitative Pedology","author":"Jenny","year":"1941"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0085","series-title":"Trace Elements from Soil to Human","author":"Kabata-Pendias","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0090","series-title":"Total Reflection X-ray Analysis","author":"Klockenk\u00e4mper","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2006\/0130","article-title":"World map of the K\u00f6ppen\u2013Geiger climate classification updated","volume":"15","author":"Kottek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meteorol. Z."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.14214\/sf.433","article-title":"Variation in soil nutrient concentrations and bulk density within peatland forest sites","volume":"38","author":"Laiho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Silva Fenn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v025.i01","article-title":"FactoMineR: an R package for multivariate analysis","volume":"25","author":"L\u00ea","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0110","first-page":"18","article-title":"Classification and regression by Random Forest","volume":"2","author":"Liaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.04.020","article-title":"Trace metal contamination in urban soils of China","volume":"421\u2013422","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2003.10.003","article-title":"Trace element geochemistry in Brazilian Cerrado soils","volume":"121","author":"Marques","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3176\/eco.2011.1.05","article-title":"Sedimentary geochemical response to human impact on Lake N\u00f5mmej\u00e4rv, Estonia","volume":"60","author":"Marzecov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Est. J. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0130","article-title":"Geochemical fingerprinting and source discrimination of agricultural soils at continental scale","author":"Negrel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(96)05134-0","article-title":"Distribution and plant availability of heavy metals in different particle-size fractions of soil","volume":"187","author":"Qian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0140","first-page":"747","article-title":"Effects of clay mineralogy and physico-chemical properties on potassium availability under soil aquic conditions","volume":"12","author":"Raheb","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2008.01112.x","article-title":"Estimating particle-size fractions of soil dominated by silicate minerals from geochemistry","volume":"60","author":"Rawlins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0155","series-title":"The Advanced Soil Geochemical Atlas of England and Wales","author":"Rawlins","year":"2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.04.017","article-title":"The potential of mid- and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determining major- and trace-element concentrations in soils from a geochemical survey of North America","volume":"24","author":"Reeves","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.07.056","article-title":"Multiscale analysis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsoils","volume":"70","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0170","first-page":"33","article-title":"Detection limit and estimate of uncertainty of analytical XRF results","volume":"18","author":"Rousseau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rigaku J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0175","series-title":"SAS 9.3 Software","author":"SAS Institute","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1989.03615995005300040006x","article-title":"Relationship between soil potassium forms and mineralogy","volume":"52","author":"Sharply","year":"1989","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0185","series-title":"19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World 1\u20136 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia","article-title":"Soil spectral diagnostics \u2014 infrared, X-ray and laser diffraction spectroscopy for rapid soil characterization in the Africa Soil Information Service","author":"Shepherd","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1255\/jnirs.716","article-title":"Infrared spectroscopy \u2014 enabling an evidence-based diagnostic surveillance approach to agricultural and environmental management in developing countries","volume":"15","author":"Shepherd","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Near Infrared Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2014.09.002","article-title":"Land health surveillance and response: a framework for evidence-informed land management","volume":"132","author":"Shepherd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.21.873","article-title":"Environmental trace-element analysis using a benchtop total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer","volume":"21","author":"Stosnach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7061(02)00230-6","article-title":"The mineralogy and potassium supplying power of some loessial and related soils of New Zealand","volume":"110","author":"Surapaneni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.05.068","article-title":"Quantification of total element concentrations in soils using total X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF)","volume":"463\u2013464","author":"Towett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0220","series-title":"Innovative Technology Verification Report. XRF Technologies for Measuring Trace Elements in Soil and Sediment, Rontec Picotax XRF Analyzer","author":"US.EPA","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0235","series-title":"Land Health Surveillance \u2014 An Evidence-Based Approach to Land Ecosystem Management","first-page":"115","article-title":"Sentinel site surveillance in Segou Region, Mali: an evidence-based approach to assessing land degradation and targeting sustainable land management interventions","author":"V\u00e5gen","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2013","key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015011","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/8\/1\/015011","article-title":"Mapping of soil organic carbon stocks for spatially explicit assessments of climate change mitigation potential","volume":"8","author":"V\u00e5gen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0225","series-title":"Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS) Technical Specifications \u2014 Soil Health Surveillance","author":"V\u00e5gen","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0230","series-title":"Agroforestry \u2014 The Future of Global Land Use","first-page":"455","article-title":"Land health surveillance: mapping soil carbon in Kenyan rangelands","author":"V\u00e5gen","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.03.006","article-title":"Landsat-based approaches for mapping of land degradation prevalence and soil functional properties in Ethiopia","volume":"134","author":"V\u00e5gen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0250","series-title":"The Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF) \u2014 Field Guide v4_1","author":"V\u00e5gen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0255","series-title":"Explorations into African land resource ecology on the chemistry between soils, plants and fertilizers","first-page":"264","author":"Voortman","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0260","article-title":"Effects of land cover on ecosystem services in Tanzania: a spatial assessment of soil organic carbon","author":"Winowiecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002_bb0075","series-title":"World Soil Resources Reports No. 106","article-title":"World reference base for soil resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps","author":"IUSS Working Group WRB","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Geoderma Regional"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352009415300018?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352009415300018?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T12:00:38Z","timestamp":1589544038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352009415300018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2352009415300018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-0094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-0094","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Total elemental composition of soils in Sub-Saharan Africa and relationship with soil forming factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Geoderma Regional","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geodrs.2015.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}