{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T21:12:27Z","timestamp":1761167547511,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Growth Hormone &amp; IGF Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,9]],"date-time":"2005-02-09T20:11:04Z","timestamp":1107979864000},"page":"462-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lack of contribution of 11\u03b2HSD1 and glucocorticoid action to reduced muscle mass associated with reduced growth hormone action"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emina","family":"Itoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Iida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"del Rincon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen T.","family":"Coschigano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Kopchick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael O.","family":"Thorner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.4.8114","article-title":"Minireview: 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 \u2013 a tissue-specific amplifier of glucocorticoid action","volume":"142","author":"Seckl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb01830.x","article-title":"The effect of growth hormone replacement on cortisol metabolism and glucocorticoid sensitivity in hypopituitary adults","volume":"41","author":"Weaver","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91812-O","article-title":"Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism","volume":"336","author":"Rosen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00762.x","article-title":"Adipose tissue and muscle volume determination by computed tomography in acromegaly, before and 1 year after adenomectomy","volume":"4","author":"Brummer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00007","article-title":"Glucocorticoid therapy for immune-mediated diseases: basic and clinical correlates","volume":"119","author":"Boumpas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib6","first-page":"752","article-title":"Growth hormone prevents the steroid myopathy in rats","volume":"36","author":"Matsushita","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01328-5","article-title":"MRNA and enzyme activity of hepatic 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 are elevated in C57BL\/KsJ-db\/db mice","volume":"69","author":"Aoki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-030017","article-title":"Subcutaneous adipose 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity and messenger ribonucleic acid levels are associated with adiposity and insulinemia in Pima Indians and Caucasians","volume":"88","author":"Lindsay","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib9","first-page":"2296","article-title":"Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor \u03b1 and \u03b2 isoforms and type I 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydogenase expression in human skeletal muscle cells: a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance","volume":"86","author":"Whorwood","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endoclinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041200213","article-title":"Regulation of glutamine synthetase and glutamine activities in cultured skeletal muscle cells","volume":"120","author":"Smith","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C214","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1992.262.1.C214","article-title":"Exercise inhibits glucocorticoid-induced glutamine synthetase expression in red skeletal muscles","volume":"262","author":"Falduto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib12","first-page":"E397","article-title":"Dexamethasone regulates glutamine synthetase expression in rat skeletal muscles","volume":"255","author":"Max","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01667-6","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor 1 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced glutamine synthetase activity in cultured L6 rat skeletal muscle cells","volume":"302","author":"Kimura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13215","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13215","volume":"94","author":"Zhou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-3-1402","article-title":"Functional antagonism between endogenous mouse growth hormone (GH) and a GH analog results in dwarf transgenic mice","volume":"129","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1486","article-title":"Tissue-specific regulation of growth hormone (GH) receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression in the pituitary and liver of GH deficient (lit\/lit) mice and transgenic mice that overexpress bGH or a bGH antagonist","volume":"145","author":"Iida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20010101)91:1<41::AID-IJC1009>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Human prostate cancer cells lack feedback regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor and its regulator, SREBP2","volume":"91","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13215","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13215","article-title":"A mammalian model for Laron syndrome produced by targeted disruption of the mouse growth hormone receptor\/binding protein gene (the Laron mouse)","volume":"94","author":"Zhou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020122600607","article-title":"Reduced levels of thyroid hormones, insulin, and glucose, and lower body core temperature in the growth hormone receptor\/binding protein knockout mouse","volume":"226","author":"Hauck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-6-1924","article-title":"Growth allometry of the organs in giant transgenic mice","volume":"121","author":"Shea","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1159\/000125734","article-title":"Elevated corticosterone levels in transgenic mice expressing human or bovine growth hormone genes","volume":"53","author":"Cecim","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01969708","article-title":"Increased plasma corticosterone levels in bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice: effects of ACTH, GH and IGF-I on in vitro adrenal corticosterone production","volume":"5","author":"Cecim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transgenic Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(95)03501-W","article-title":"Sex- and tissue-specific regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA","volume":"109","author":"Albiston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1066285","article-title":"A transgenic model of visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"294","author":"Masuzaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Growth Hormone &amp; IGF Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637404001443?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637404001443?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:41:05Z","timestamp":1761086465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1096637404001443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1096637404001443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6374"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1096-6374"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lack of contribution of 11\u03b2HSD1 and glucocorticoid action to reduced muscle mass associated with reduced growth hormone action","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Growth Hormone & IGF Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}