{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:10:06Z","timestamp":1772889006861,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Growth Hormone & IGF Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,28]],"date-time":"2014-06-28T07:19:07Z","timestamp":1403939947000},"page":"192-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Behavioural phenotyping of male growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) knockout mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sheila","family":"Leone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6570-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rugia","family":"Shohreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Manippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Recinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giustino","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Salvatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Vacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2004.11.015","article-title":"Long-term growth hormone treatment preserves GH-induced memory and mood improvements: a 10-year follow-up study in GH-deficient adult men","volume":"47","author":"Arwert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.09.037","article-title":"Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of intracerebroventricularly administered somatostatin: behavioral and neurophysiological evidence","volume":"157","author":"Engin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1605-5","article-title":"Anxiolytic and antidepressant actions of somatostatin: the role of sst2 and sst3 receptors","volume":"206","author":"Engin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0020","first-page":"43","article-title":"Comparative studies with cyclic and linear somatostatin on active avoidance behaviour and open-field activity in rats","volume":"61","author":"V\u00e9csei","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Hung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.04.011","article-title":"Neurotransmitter-mediated action of an antagonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone on anxiolysis in mice","volume":"233","author":"Telegdy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0119","article-title":"A mouse with targeted ablation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone gene: a new model of isolated growth hormone deficiency","volume":"145","author":"Alba","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2011.01.002","article-title":"Effects of GH deficiency and GH replacement on inter-male aggressiveness in mice","volume":"21","author":"Sagazio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Growth Horm. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00528-5","article-title":"The use of behavioral test batteries: effects of training history","volume":"73","author":"McIlwain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.09.002","article-title":"The use of behavioral test batteries, II: effect of test interval","volume":"87","author":"Paylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0050","first-page":"104","article-title":"Light\/dark transition test for mice","volume":"13","author":"Takao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(85)90031-7","article-title":"Validation of open: closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat","volume":"14","author":"Pellow","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/266730a0","article-title":"Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments","volume":"266","author":"Porsolt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02695-7","article-title":"Severe brain hypothermia as a factor underlying behavioral immobility during cold-water forced swim","volume":"975","author":"Taltavull","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(02)02017-5","article-title":"Assessing antidepressant activity in rodents: recent developments and future needs","volume":"23","author":"Cryan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(\u2212Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.03.019","article-title":"Orexigenic effects of omentin-1 related to decreased CART and CRH gene expression and increased norepinephrine synthesis and release in the hypothalamus","volume":"44","author":"Brunetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.12.022","article-title":"Neurotransmission of the antidepressant-like effects of the growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonist MZ-4-71","volume":"228","author":"Tanaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(87)90002-9","article-title":"The automated Tail Suspension Test: a computerized device which differentiates psychotropic drugs","volume":"11","author":"Steru","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0095","first-page":"323","article-title":"Quality of life, mood disturbances and psychological parameters in adult patients with GH deficiency","volume":"54","author":"Prodam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Panminerva Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-1170","article-title":"GH replacement therapy in elderly GH-deficient patients: a systematic review","volume":"164","author":"Kokshoorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0105","first-page":"599","article-title":"The biology of pro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone-derived peptides","volume":"20","author":"Nillni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.044040","article-title":"The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) hypothesis of homeostatic regulation: implications for TRH-based therapeutics","volume":"305","author":"Gary","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.11.002","article-title":"Analysis of the anxiolytic-like effect of TRH and the response of amygdalar TRHergic neurons in anxiety","volume":"33","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Mariscal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0048","article-title":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1-deficient mice display increased depression and anxiety-like behavior","volume":"21","author":"Zeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1989.tb11942.x","article-title":"Potentiation by TRH of the effect of antidepressants in the forced-swimming test, involvement of dopaminergic and opioid systems","volume":"97","author":"Reny-Palasse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830150034007","article-title":"Effects of intrathecal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (protirelin) in refractory depressed patients","volume":"54","author":"Marangell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000169037.17884.79","article-title":"Rapid antidepressant response after nocturnal TRH administration in patients with bipolar type I and bipolar type II major depression","volume":"25","author":"Szuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00087-3","article-title":"An update on the CNS actions of TRH and its analogs","volume":"62","author":"Horita","year":"1998","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12084su1c.04","article-title":"Neurotransmitter targeting in the treatment of depression","volume":"74","author":"Blier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5400.397","article-title":"Role of serotonin in the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants on hyperactivity","volume":"283","author":"Gainetdinov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120537","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0537","article-title":"The serotonergic system in mood disorders and suicidal behaviour","volume":"368","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90253-4","article-title":"Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor ligands modulate the behaviour of mice in the elevated plus-maze","volume":"49","author":"Rodgers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(87)90183-3","article-title":"Behavioural and biochemical evidence for the release of noradrenaline in mouse brain by TRH and some of its biologically stable analogues","volume":"26","author":"Heal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)31543-0","article-title":"Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on locomotor activity, operant performance and ingestive behaviour","volume":"208","author":"Vogel","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)38473-9","article-title":"Enhancement of noradrenaline release from rat frontal cortex by thyrotropin releasing hormone and its analog, (3R,6R)-6-methyl-5-oxo-3-thiomorpholinylcarbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinami de, as studied by intracerebral microdialysis","volume":"268","author":"Itoh","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00062-3","article-title":"Modulatory effects of norepinephrine in the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis on behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to acute stress","volume":"112","author":"Cecchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.10.014","article-title":"Differential postpartum sensitivity to the anxiety-modulating effects of offspring contact is associated with innate anxiety and brainstem levels of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in female laboratory rats","volume":"256","author":"Ragan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.03.036","article-title":"Systemic administration of WIN 55,212-2 increases norepinephrine release in the rat frontal cortex","volume":"1046","author":"Oropeza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00050.2003","article-title":"Maternal GHRH plasmid administration changes pituitary cell lineage and improves progeny growth of pigs","volume":"285","author":"Khan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00423-1","article-title":"Evidence that age-induced decline in memory retention is delayed in growth hormone resistant GH-R-KO (Laron) mice","volume":"72","author":"Kinney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2013.08.004","article-title":"Effects of isolated GH deficiency on adipose tissue, feeding and adipokines in mice","volume":"23","author":"Recinella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Growth Horm. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1019","article-title":"Regulation of pituitary cell function by adiponectin","volume":"148","author":"Rodriguez-Pacheco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Growth Hormone & IGF Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637414000525?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637414000525?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:48:50Z","timestamp":1761086930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1096637414000525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1096637414000525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-6374","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Behavioural phenotyping of male growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) knockout mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Growth Hormone & IGF Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}