{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:06:41Z","timestamp":1786990001190,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Growth Hormone &amp; IGF Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]],"date-time":"2019-12-14T21:04:58Z","timestamp":1576357498000},"page":"57-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Testing for growth hormone deficiency in children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Erick","family":"Richmond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan D.","family":"Rogol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0005","first-page":"1532","article-title":"The diagnosis of childhood GH deficiency revisited","volume":"80","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"96","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0010","first-page":"100","article-title":"Controversies in the diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents","volume":"101","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2018.12.004","article-title":"Growth hormone therapy in children; research and practice-a review","volume":"44","author":"Collett-Solberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340410031028","article-title":"Growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction. A treatable cause of short stature","volume":"251","author":"Spiliotis","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0025","first-page":"21","article-title":"Hypothalamic disease: neurosecretory dysfunction and parasellar lesions","volume":"62","author":"Bercu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Ther. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0030","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Pathophysiology of radiation-induced growth hormone deficiency: efficacy and safety of growth hormone replacement","volume":"16","author":"Darzy","year":"2006","journal-title":"GH IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.7.920","article-title":"Growth of infants with neonatal growth hormone deficiency","volume":"67","author":"Wit","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(65)90127-0","article-title":"An evaluation of seventy-five patients with hypopituitarism beginning in childhood","volume":"38","author":"Brasel","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0038","article-title":"Endocrine control of body composition in infancy, childhood and puberty","volume":"26","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-0006","article-title":"Somatotropic and gonadotropic axes linkages in infancy, childhood and the puberty-adult transition","volume":"27","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.8.8770","article-title":"Accelerated escape from GH autonegative feedback in midpuberty in males: evidence for time-delimited GH-induced somatostatinergic outflow in adolescent boys","volume":"87","author":"Richmond","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0060","first-page":"2385","article-title":"Gender and sexual maturation-dependent contrasts in the neuroregulatioin of growth hormone secretion in prepubertal and late adolescent males and females-A. General Clinical Research Center-based study","volume":"85","author":"Veldhuis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0065","first-page":"3414","article-title":"Estrogen and testosterone, but not a non-aromatizable androgen, direct network integration of the hypothalamo-somatotrope (growth hormone)-IGF-I axis in the human: evidence from pubertal pathophysiology and sex-steroid hormone replacement","volume":"82","author":"Veldhuis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0070","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Androgen receptor blockade with Flutamide enhances growth hormone secretin in late pubertal males: evidence for independent actions of estrogen and androgen","volume":"76","author":"Metzger","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0075","first-page":"513","article-title":"Estrogen receptor blockade with Tamoxifen diminishes growth hormone secretion in boys: evidence for a stimulatory role of endogenous estrogens during male adolescence","volume":"79","author":"Metzger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-1-159","article-title":"The effect of androgens on the pulsatile release and the 24 h mean concentration of GH in peripubertal males","volume":"62","author":"Link","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196706082762301","article-title":"Emotional dwarfism and growth retardation simulating idiopathic hypopituitarism. I. Clinical evaluation of the syndrome","volume":"276","author":"Powell","year":"1967","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196706082762302","article-title":"Emotional dwarfism and growth retardation simulating idiopathic hypopituitarism. II. Endocrinological evaluation of the syndrome","volume":"276","author":"Powell","year":"1967","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90307-3","article-title":"Reversible GH deficiency and delayed puberty triggered by a stressful experience in a young adult","volume":"76","author":"Magner","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-69-3-563","article-title":"Alterations in the pulsatile properties of circulating GH concentrations during puberty in boys","volume":"69","author":"Martha","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2013.11.001","article-title":"Discordance of IGF-1 and GH stimulation testing for altered GH secretion in obesity","volume":"24","author":"Stanley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198611000-00012","article-title":"Serum insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II concentrations and GH and insulin responses to arginine infusion in children with protein-energy malnutrition before and after nutritional rehabilitation","volume":"20","author":"Soliman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2016.12.011","article-title":"Clinical aspects of glucose metabolism and chronic disease","volume":"146","author":"Culberson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000452150","volume":"86","author":"Grimberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2011.07.009","article-title":"Analysis of the GH content within archived dried blood spots of newborn screening cards from children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency after the neonatal period","volume":"21","author":"Binder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1159\/000439590","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as first-line investigation for growth hormone deficiency diagnosis in early childhood","volume":"84","author":"Pampanini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-6-1186","article-title":"Arginine stimulates growth hormone secretion by suppressing endogenous somatostatin secretion","volume":"67","author":"Alba-Roth","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000181495","article-title":"Pharmacological testing of growth hormone secretion","volume":"33","author":"Reiter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1985.02140030093040","article-title":"Low-dose oral clonidine. A simple and reliable growth hormone screening test for children","volume":"139","author":"Lanes","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Dis. Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01169.x","article-title":"An audit of 500 subcutaneous glucagon stimulation tests to assess growth hormone and ACTH secretion in patients with hypothalamic pituitary disease","volume":"54","author":"Leong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2019-0089","article-title":"Timing of GH peak in both glucagon and clonidine tests is of major clinical importance","volume":"25","author":"Georeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Praact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6820.173","article-title":"Hazards of pharmacological tests of growth hormone secretion in childhood","volume":"304","author":"Shah","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0165","first-page":"844","article-title":"The plasma growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in children with retardation of growth","volume":"39","author":"Root","year":"1967","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-008-0105-7","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency in children","volume":"120","author":"Richmond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0175","first-page":"537","article-title":"The effects of estrogen priming and puberty on the growth hormone response to standardized treadmill exercise and arginine-insulin in normal girls and boys","volume":"79","author":"Marin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0180","first-page":"4168","article-title":"Estrogen priming effect on growth hormone (GH) provocative testing: a useful tool for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency","volume":"85","author":"Martinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1369","article-title":"Effect of body mass index on peak growth hormone response to provocative testing in children with short stature","volume":"94","author":"Stanley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002_bb0190","article-title":"Impact of BMI on peak growth hormone responses to provocative tests and therapeutic outcome in children with growth hormone deficiency","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Growth Hormone &amp; IGF Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637419300590?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637419300590?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:51:52Z","timestamp":1761087112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1096637419300590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S1096637419300590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-6374","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Testing for growth hormone deficiency in children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Growth Hormone & IGF Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.12.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}