{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T12:27:00Z","timestamp":1770553620767,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Growth Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Growth Hormone & IGF Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]],"date-time":"2020-07-19T01:34:20Z","timestamp":1595122460000},"page":"101334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Role of growth hormone signaling pathways in the development of atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53-54","author":[{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Toyomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kuboki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshisuke","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Sugihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0022","article-title":"Systemic complications of acromegaly: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"25","author":"Colao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00327-4","article-title":"Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K07E-125","article-title":"Improvement of endothelial dysfunction in acromegaly after transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"55","author":"Sakai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.7.8643","article-title":"Early vascular alterations in acromegaly","volume":"87","author":"Brevetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb11849.x","article-title":"Atherosclerosis as an inflammatory process. The roles of the monocyte-macrophage","volume":"454","author":"Schwartz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/362801a0","article-title":"The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s","volume":"362","author":"Ross","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.10.63","article-title":"Inflammatory reactions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-5029(83)90031-7","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: pathology, pathogenesis, and role of risk factors","volume":"29","author":"Grundy","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dis. Mon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.57.030195.004043","article-title":"Cell biology of atherosclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Ross","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)","volume":"352","author":"UK Prospective diabetes study (UKPDS) group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390404","article-title":"Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction","volume":"339","author":"Haffner","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90260-0","article-title":"The hypertensive diseases. Evidence that systemic hypertension is a greater risk factor to the development of other cardiovascular diseases than previously suspected","volume":"59","author":"Roberts","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(76)90357-X","article-title":"Role of hypertension in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease","volume":"38","author":"Hollander","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-009-0112-9","article-title":"Secondary diabetes associated with principal endocrinopathies: the impact of new treatment modalities","volume":"46","author":"Resmini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510439","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, outcome, morbidity and mortality in acromegaly based on the Spanish acromegaly registry (Registro Espanol de Acrimegalia, REA)","volume":"151","author":"Mestron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0182-2","article-title":"Human vascular endothelial cells: a model system for studying vascular inflammation in diabetes and atherosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Onat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-126-1-31","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in the spontaneous dwarf rat: detection of abnormal splicing of GH messenger ribonucleic acid by the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"126","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1005","article-title":"2010 PrimerBank: a resource of human and mouse PCR primer pairs for gene expression detection and quantification","volume":"38","author":"Spandidos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.5.635","article-title":"Cytokine profiles of cultured microvascular endothelial cells from the human intestine","volume":"42","author":"Nilsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg149","article-title":"PCB 104-induced proinflammatory reactions in human vascular endothelial cells: relationship to cancer metastasis and atherogenesis","volume":"75","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.4207","article-title":"Homocysteine inhibits TNF-\u03b1 induced endothelial adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion via nuclear factor-\u03baB dependent pathway","volume":"280","author":"Stangl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis---an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/85446","article-title":"Activation of a tissue-specific stress response in the aqueous outflow pathway of the eye defines the glaucoma disease phenotype","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)52267-5","article-title":"Structure and chromosomal location of the gene for endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1","volume":"266","author":"Collins","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030223","article-title":"Growth hormone increases vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression: in vivo and in vitro evidence","volume":"89","author":"Hansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.09.053","article-title":"STAT 5 activators can replace the requirement of FBS in the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells","volume":"324","author":"Stewart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(97)70216-7","article-title":"Cell adhesion molecules and insulin-like growth factor-I in vascular disease","volume":"25","author":"Balaram","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0261","article-title":"Insulin and IGF1 receptors in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells: metabolic, mitogenic and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"215","author":"B\u00e4ck","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(03)00029-7","article-title":"Current concepts in the biochemical assessment of the patient with acromegaly","volume":"13","author":"Freda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1054\/ghir.2001.0197","article-title":"Determination of free insulin-like growth factor-I in human serum: comparison of ultrafiltration and direct immunoradiometric assay","volume":"11","author":"Frystyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6480","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0901","article-title":"Postoperative evaluation of patients with acromegaly: Clinical significance and timing of oral glucose tolerance testing and measurement of (free) insulin-like growth factor I, acid-labile subunit, and growth hormone-binding protein levels","volume":"90","author":"Feelders","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"Suppl B","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-6374(00)80002-7","article-title":"Pulsatility of growth hormone (GH) signalling in liver cells: role of the JAK-STAT5b pathway in GH action","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.07.008","article-title":"Growth hormone receptor; mechanism of action","volume":"40","author":"Brooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2003","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51261","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309486200","article-title":"Mechanisms of growth hormone (GH) action. Identification of conserved Stat5 binding sites that mediate GH-induced insulin-like growth factor-I gene activation","volume":"278","author":"Woelfle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45592","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201385200","article-title":"Identification of a JAK2-independent pathway regulating growth hormone (GH)-stimulated p44\/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. GH activation of Ral and phospholipase D is Src-dependent","volume":"277","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0180","first-page":"41","article-title":"Growth hormone and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Johannsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031601","article-title":"Malignant disease and cardiovascular morbidity in hypopituitary adults with or without growth hormone replacement therapy","volume":"89","author":"Svensson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0291","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in hypopituitary GH-deficient adults","volume":"161","author":"Verhelst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2670","article-title":"A consensus on criteria for cure of acromegaly","volume":"95","author":"Giustina","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0267","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effect of lowering serum levels of GH and IGF-1 on mortality in acromegaly","volume":"159","author":"Holdaway","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0205","first-page":"166","article-title":"Excess mortality in acromegaly","volume":"68","author":"Holdaway","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1126\/science.256.5064.1677","article-title":"Rational design of potent antagonists to the human growth hormone receptor","volume":"256","author":"Fuh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science."}],"container-title":["Growth Hormone & IGF Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637420300435?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637420300435?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:52:28Z","timestamp":1761087148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1096637420300435"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1096637420300435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-6374","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of growth hormone signaling pathways in the development of atherosclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Growth Hormone & IGF Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2020.101334","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101334"}}