{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T21:16:32Z","timestamp":1761167792021,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Growth Hormone & IGF Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T02:05:45Z","timestamp":1690164345000},"page":"101549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence of refractoriness when testing growth hormone levels in children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Camilla","family":"Borghammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Boije","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Elfving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00539-5","article-title":"Advances in differential diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in children","volume":"17","author":"Hage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.22","article-title":"Growth hormone - past, present and future","volume":"14","author":"Ranke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-307228","article-title":"Controversies in the diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and adolescence","volume":"101","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70117-2","article-title":"Utah growth study: growth standards and the prevalence of growth hormone deficiency","volume":"125","author":"Lindsay","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2016.02.004","article-title":"Growth and growth hormone: an overview","volume":"28","author":"Teran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000066265","article-title":"European audit of current practice in diagnosis and treatment of childhood growth hormone deficiency","volume":"58","author":"Juul","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0035","first-page":"3990","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency in childhood and adolescence: summary statement of the GH research society","volume":"85","author":"Society Growth Hormone Research","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0040","first-page":"37","article-title":"Stability of IGF-I concentration despite divergent results of repeated GH stimulating tests indicates poor reproducibility of test results","volume":"40","author":"Hilczer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr. Regul."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.7.4106","article-title":"Growth hormone testing for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in childhood: a population register-based study","volume":"82","author":"Carel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13932","article-title":"Using a spontaneous profile rather than stimulation test makes the KIGS idiopathic growth hormone deficiency model more accessible for clinicians","volume":"106","author":"Duchen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4963","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7945","article-title":"Effect of spontaneous GH secretion and the GH sampling period on the accuracy of models for predicting growth responses to GH treatment","volume":"86","author":"Kristr\u00f6m","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.584906","article-title":"Discordance between stimulated and spontaneous growth hormone levels in short children is dependent on cut-off level and partly explained by refractoriness","volume":"11","author":"Lennartsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1999.12.1.47","article-title":"GH response to exercise: assessment of the pituitary refractory period, and relationship with circulating components of the GH-IGF-I axis in adolescent females","volume":"12","author":"Eliakim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1220061","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) release after administration of GH-releasing hormone in relation to endogenous 24-h GH secretion in short children","volume":"122","author":"Gelander","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb00434.x","article-title":"Reasons for the variability in growth hormone (GH) responses to GHRH challenge: the endogenous hypothalamic-somatotroph rhythm (HSR)","volume":"30","author":"Devesa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0165","article-title":"Clinical evidence-based cutoff limits for GH stimulation tests in children with a backup of results with reference to mass spectrometry","volume":"171","author":"Wagner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0085","first-page":"3323","article-title":"Reliability of provocative tests to assess growth hormone secretory status. Study in 472 normally growing children","volume":"81","author":"Ghigo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2009.09.005","article-title":"Measurement of human growth hormone by immunoassays: current status, unsolved problems and clinical consequence","volume":"20","author":"Bidlingmaier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2014.02.001","article-title":"Association between growth hormone therapy and mortality, cancer and cardiovascular risk: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Deodati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Growth Hormon. IGF Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000737","article-title":"Growth hormone treatment for childhood short stature and risk of stroke in early adulthood","volume":"83","author":"Poidvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0178","article-title":"Long-term safety of recombinant human growth hormone in children","volume":"95","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1159\/000316126","article-title":"Safety of recombinant human growth hormone","volume":"18","author":"Carel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr. Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1186","article-title":"Safety of growth hormone replacement in survivors of cancer and intracranial and pituitary tumours: a consensus statement","volume":"186","author":"Boguszewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb03322.x","article-title":"Swedish population-based longitudinal reference values from birth to 18 years of age for height, weight and head circumference","volume":"91","author":"Wikland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.7933","article-title":"Anterior hypopituitarism in adult survivors of childhood cancers treated with cranial radiotherapy: a report from the St Jude lifetime cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Chemaitilly","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345231","article-title":"Effects of GH and insulin-like growth factor-I on body composition","volume":"26","author":"Svensson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2001.22510","article-title":"Alterations in body composition and fat distribution in growth hormone-deficient prepubertal children during growth hormone therapy","volume":"50","author":"Roemmich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0068","article-title":"Depth and duration of hypoglycaemia achieved during the insulin tolerance test","volume":"167","author":"Ajala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0145","first-page":"4168","article-title":"Estrogen priming effect on growth hormone (GH) provocative test: a useful tool for the diagnosis of GH deficiency","volume":"85","author":"Mart\u00ecnez","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000452150","article-title":"Guidelines for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I treatment in children and adolescents: growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature, and primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency","volume":"86","author":"Grimberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.4.5614","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) of childhood onset: reassessment of GH status and evaluation of the predictive criteria for permanent GHD in young adults","volume":"84","author":"Maghnie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-323426","article-title":"\u2018Growth hormone deficiency\u2019 or rather \u2018short stature unresponsive to stimulation tests\u2019?","volume":"108","author":"Tornese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30163-7","article-title":"Long-term mortality after childhood growth hormone treatment: the SAGhE cohort study","volume":"8","author":"S\u00e4vendahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0509","article-title":"Consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic short stature: a summary of the growth hormone research society, the Lawson Wilkins pediatric Endocrine Society, and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology Workshop","volume":"93","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."}],"container-title":["Growth Hormone & IGF Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637423000278?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1096637423000278?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:53:22Z","timestamp":1761087202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1096637423000278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S1096637423000278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-6374"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1096-6374"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of refractoriness when testing growth hormone levels in children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Growth Hormone & IGF Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ghir.2023.101549","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101549"}}