{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:35:41Z","timestamp":1791095741834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","giejournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T22:36:03Z","timestamp":1760826963000},"page":"978-993.e19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Best practices for endoscopic ultrasound\u2013guided gastroenterostomy: technical recommendations from an international modified Delphi process"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7280-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Vanella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7438-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Frigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Bronswijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy L.J.","family":"van Wanrooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-I.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth F.","family":"Binmoeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Perez-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhleen","family":"Chahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manol","family":"Jovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Tyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cuadrado-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Barthet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Deprez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Kahaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas G.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouen","family":"Khashab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Y.B.","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Itoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundeep","family":"Lakhtakia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rastislav","family":"Kunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Schalk","family":"Van der Merwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo Giorgio","family":"Arcidiacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1309382","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using novel tools designed for transluminal therapy: a porcine study","volume":"44","author":"Binmoeller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline","volume":"54","author":"Schalk van der Merwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000002242","article-title":"Standardizing success and troubleshooting in EUS-guided gastroenterostomy: an international technical review (with videos)","volume":"60","author":"Vanella","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2164-9630","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy: another knock-out for simplification","volume":"55","author":"Bronswijk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vgie.2020.06.012","article-title":"EUS-guided gastroenterostomy: less is more! The wireless EUS-guided gastroenterostomy simplified technique","volume":"5","author":"Bronswijk","year":"2020","journal-title":"VideoGIE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2119-7529","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy with lumen-apposing metal stents: a retrospective multicentric comparison of wireless and over-the-wire techniques","volume":"55","author":"Monino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14895","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy with wire endoscopic simplified technique: move towards benign indications (with video)","volume":"37","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.04.2072","article-title":"EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a prospective cohort study with matched comparison with enteral stenting","volume":"98","author":"Vanella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib9","article-title":"Learning curve of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy for the management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction: data from a bicentric retrospective study","volume":"57","author":"Toppeta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14472","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided balloon-occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass, duodenal stent or laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310348","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided double-balloon-occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass (EPASS) for malignant gastric outlet obstruction","volume":"65","author":"Itoi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E441","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1625-2840","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided double-balloon-occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass (EPASS) for malignant gastric outlet obstruction","volume":"54","author":"Guacho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.07.006","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of EUS-guided balloon-occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (with video)","volume":"101","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1392-4546","article-title":"Modified endoscopic ultrasound-guided double-balloon-occluded gastroenterostomy bypass (M-EPASS): a pilot study","volume":"54","author":"Marino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(25)00136-0","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy versus uncovered duodenal metal stenting for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction (DRA-GOO): a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Teoh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-10803-0","article-title":"Management of malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction (mGOO) due to pancreatic cancer in the era of EUS-gastrojejunostomy: an international practice survey and case vignette study by Pancreas 2000 from the European Pancreatic Club","volume":"38","author":"De Ponthaud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vgie.2023.07.014","article-title":"EUS-guided gastroenterostomy using a novel through-the-scope exchangeable dual-balloon enteroclysis catheter: a potentially secure and scalable approach","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"VideoGIE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.12.002","article-title":"Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies","volume":"67","author":"Diamond","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032829","article-title":"Use of Delphi in health sciences research: a narrative review","volume":"102","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1918","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1642-7892","article-title":"Gastric outlet obstruction with ascites: EUS-guided gastro-enterostomy is feasible","volume":"9","author":"Basha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib21","article-title":"EUS-guided gastroenterostomy in patients with ascites: what lies beneath?","volume":"10","author":"Bronswijk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1105","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1853-0451","article-title":"Radiation exposure during modern therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound procedures and standard alternatives","volume":"10","author":"Vanella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1738-6780","article-title":"Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) technical review","volume":"54","author":"van Wanrooij","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.23273","article-title":"Ligament of Treitz: anatomy, relevance of radiologic findings, and radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"216","author":"Nassar","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2021.07.023","article-title":"Classification, outcomes, and management of misdeployed stents during EUS-guided gastroenterostomy","volume":"95","author":"Ghandour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1654-6914","article-title":"Clinical and technical outcomes of patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using 20-mm vs. 15-mm lumen-apposing metal stents","volume":"54","author":"Bejjani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2022.299","article-title":"No difference in outcomes with 15 mm vs. 20 mm lumen-apposing metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy for gastric outlet obstruction: a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Vedantam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E449","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1562-1274","article-title":"Diameter of surgical versus endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy: that much wider after all is said and done?","volume":"54","author":"Vanella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E25","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-122009","article-title":"Intra-channel stent release technique for fluoroless endoscopic ultrasound-guided lumen-apposing metal stent placement: changing the paradigm","volume":"5","author":"Anderloni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E752","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1792-2755","article-title":"Redo-endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy for the management of distal flange misdeployment: trust your orojejunal catheter","volume":"54","author":"Vanella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-113551","article-title":"Using NOTES to salvage a misdeployed lumen-apposing metal stent during an endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy","volume":"49","author":"Tyberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vgie.2017.08.004","article-title":"Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery salvage of direct EUS-guided gastrojejunostomy","volume":"2","author":"Sanchez-Ocana","year":"2017","journal-title":"VideoGIE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib33","article-title":"Endoscopic management of gastrocolic fistula after endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ)","volume":"51","author":"Pham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2009.10.027","article-title":"A lexicon for endoscopic adverse events: report of an ASGE workshop","volume":"71","author":"Cotton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/eus.eus_70_19","article-title":"EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for the management of gastric outlet obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Iqbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endosc Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1474","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0996-8178","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for benign and malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"McCarty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2018-101145","article-title":"Deep sedation and anaesthesia in complex gastrointestinal endoscopy: a joint position statement endorsed by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), Joint Advisory Group (JAG) and Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA)","volume":"10","author":"Sidhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071523","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of deep sedation and anaesthesia for complex endoscopic procedures\u2014a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Godoroja-Diarto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.03.046","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on the optimal management of the malignant alimentary tract obstruction: expert review","volume":"19","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.07.063","article-title":"ASGE guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of benign and malignant gastroduodenal obstruction","volume":"93","author":"Jue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib41","first-page":"MP016","article-title":"Learning curve of EUS-guided gastroenterostomy using the WEST technique: a prospective analysis","volume":"57","author":"Vanella","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.09.041","article-title":"Assessment of the learning curve for EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for a single operator","volume":"93","author":"Jovani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001400","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound guided gastroenterostomy: what is the learning curve?","volume":"55","author":"Tyberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016510725021157?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0016510725021157?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T22:40:30Z","timestamp":1775515230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0016510725021157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0016510725021157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5107"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5107","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Best practices for endoscopic ultrasound\u2013guided gastroenterostomy: technical recommendations from an international modified Delphi process","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}