{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:06:40Z","timestamp":1792660000289,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,12]],"date-time":"2013-07-12T02:30:49Z","timestamp":1373596249000},"page":"863-892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Endoscopic Therapy for Pancreatic Duct Leaks and Disruptions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shyam","family":"Varadarajulu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surinder S.","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak K.","family":"Bhasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)02832-9","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in pancreatic duct disruption managed by endoscopic transpapillary stent placement","volume":"61","author":"Varadarajulu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib2","first-page":"151","article-title":"Endoscopic management of pancreatic diseases","volume":"16","author":"Bhasin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)70025-S","article-title":"Endoscopic transpapillary therapy for disrupted pancreatic duct and peripancreatic fluid collections","volume":"100","author":"Kozarek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800800131","article-title":"Assessment of the main pancreatic duct integrity by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in patients with acute pancreatitis","volume":"80","author":"Neoptolemos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib5","first-page":"39","article-title":"Endoscopic therapy of complete and partial pancreatic duct disruptions","volume":"8","author":"Kozarek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.11.1071","article-title":"Pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy: predictive risk factors and value of conservative treatment","volume":"141","author":"Pannegeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tgie.2006.03.006","article-title":"Postoperative pancreatic leaks and fistulae: the role of the endoscopist","volume":"8","author":"Fazel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tech Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2007.08.008","article-title":"Management of internal and external pancreatic fistulae","volume":"87","author":"Morgan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06172.x","article-title":"Endoscopic transpapillary drainage for external fistulae developing after surgical or radiological pancreatic interventions","volume":"25","author":"Rana","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(98)00097-X","article-title":"The incidence of main pancreatic duct disruption in severe biliary pancreatitis","volume":"176","author":"Uomo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(01)00606-7","article-title":"A\u00a0pancreatic ductal leak should be sought to direct treatment in patients with acute pancreatitis","volume":"181","author":"Lau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302779","article-title":"Classification of acute pancreatitis\u20142012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus","volume":"62","author":"Banks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.07.049","article-title":"Endoscopic placement of permanent indwelling transmural stents in disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: does benefit outweigh the risks?","volume":"74","author":"Varadarajulu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.11.041","article-title":"Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome in severe acute pancreatitis: clinical and imaging characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of 31 cases","volume":"68","author":"Pelaez-Luna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2012.01318.x","article-title":"Non fluoroscopic endoscopic ultrasound guided transmural drainage of symptomatic non bulging walled of pancreatic necrosis","volume":"25","author":"Rana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.125107","article-title":"Pancreatic stent placement for duct disruption","volume":"56","author":"Telford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.115733","article-title":"The role of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in the treatment of traumatic pancreatic duct injury","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907223410407","article-title":"Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography","volume":"341","author":"Barish","year":"1999","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(02)70025-4","article-title":"Adverse outcomes of ERCP","volume":"56","author":"Freeman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.3","article-title":"Endoscopic complications\u2014avoidance and management","volume":"9","author":"Blero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1516-x","article-title":"Assessment of the pancreatic and intra pancreatic bile ducts using 0.5-mm collimation and multi planar reformatted images in multi slice CT","volume":"13","author":"Itoh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-008-9396-4","article-title":"Pancreatic duct evaluation: accuracy of portal venous phase 64 MDCT","volume":"34","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(07)91918-1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pancreatic fistulae resulting in pancreatic ascites or pleural effusions in the era of helical CT and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"31","author":"O'Toole","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib24","first-page":"666","article-title":"Multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) of blunt pancreatic injuries: can contrast-enhanced multiphasic CT detect pancreatic duct injuries?","volume":"64","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31825003b3","article-title":"Accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in identifying pancreatic duct disruption","volume":"46","author":"Drake","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.1.1760175","article-title":"Traumatic disruption of the pancreatic duct: diagnosis with MR pancreatography","volume":"176","author":"Soto","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2007.08.007","article-title":"The management of pancreatic trauma in the modern era","volume":"87","author":"Subramanian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1775","article-title":"Diagnosis of duct disruption and assessment of pancreatic leak with dynamic secretin-stimulated MR cholangiopancreatography","volume":"186","author":"Gillams","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1159\/000080199","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pancreatic fistula","volume":"21","author":"Alexakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199101001-00011","article-title":"Surgical management of pancreatic pseudocysts, pancreatic ascites, and pancreaticopleural fistulae","volume":"6","author":"Eckhauser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(05)01627-5","article-title":"Endoscopic therapy for main pancreatic-duct rupture after Silastic-ring vertical gastroplasty","volume":"62","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01307970","article-title":"Endoscopic manometry of pancreatic and biliary sphincter zones in man: basal results in healthy volunteers","volume":"26","author":"Carr-Locke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.125106","article-title":"Outcome differences after endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis, acute pancreatic pseudocysts, and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"56","author":"Baron","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2005.06.028","article-title":"Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections in 116 patients: a comparison of etiologies, drainage techniques, and outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Hookey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00644.x","article-title":"Management of multiple and large pancreatic pseudocysts by endoscopic transpapillary nasopancreatic drainage alone","volume":"101","author":"Bhasin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0732-8","article-title":"Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts at atypical locations","volume":"24","author":"Bhasin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05926.x","article-title":"Pancreatic leaks: endo-therapy first?","volume":"24","author":"Lakhtakia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib38","first-page":"1638","article-title":"Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"84","author":"Beckingham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-925249","article-title":"Comparison of EUS and conventional endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst","volume":"38","author":"Kahaleh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.03.1027","article-title":"Role of EUS in drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections not amenable for endoscopic transmural drainage","volume":"66","author":"Varadarajulu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tgie.2012.07.001","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided transmural drainage of pseudocysts","volume":"14","author":"Nasr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tech Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2011.12.007","article-title":"Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"41","author":"Samuelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2012.04.004","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic drainage","volume":"22","author":"Giovannini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.02.057","article-title":"EUS versus surgical cyst-gastrostomy for management of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"68","author":"Varadarajulu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06250.x","article-title":"Combining transpapillary pancreatic duct stenting with endoscopic transmural drainage for pancreatic fluid collections: two heads are better than one!","volume":"25","author":"Bhasin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.06.083","article-title":"Pancreatic fluid collections: a randomized controlled trial regarding stent removal after endoscopic transmural drainage","volume":"65","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-870336","article-title":"Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: long-term outcome and procedural factors associated with safe and successful treatment","volume":"37","author":"Cahen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06109.x","article-title":"Successful stenting in ductal disruption favorably impacts treatment outcomes in patients undergoing transmural drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections","volume":"25","author":"Trevino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2012.08.026","article-title":"Multimodality endoscopic treatment of pancreatic duct disruption with stenting and pseudocyst drainage: How efficacious is it?","volume":"45","author":"Shrode","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(85)72215-8","article-title":"Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"31","author":"Kozarek","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.06.014","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of a treatment algorithm for pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"67","author":"Barthet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70095-1","article-title":"Transpapillary and transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"42","author":"Binmoeller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2005.11.047","article-title":"Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts or abscesses after an EUS-guided 1-step procedure for initial access","volume":"63","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(89)72677-8","article-title":"Endoscopic management of cysts and pseudocysts in chronic pancreatitis: long-term follow-up after 7 years of experience","volume":"35","author":"Cremer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70092-7","article-title":"The efficacy of endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"42","author":"Smits","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-20292","article-title":"Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocyst: a long-term follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Sharma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032008000100004","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"45","author":"Lopes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2005.10.025","article-title":"Single-step EUS-guided transmural drainage of simple and complicated pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"63","author":"Antillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.04.457","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of the use of fully covered self-expanding metal stents for EUS-guided transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"76","author":"Penn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(02)70042-4","article-title":"Endoscopic cystenterostomy of nonbulging pancreatic fluid collections","volume":"56","author":"Sanchez Cortes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5157(03)00100-4","article-title":"Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections and pancreatic necrosis","volume":"13","author":"Baron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70094-3","article-title":"Treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts with ductal communication by transpapillary pancreatic duct endoprosthesis","volume":"42","author":"Catalano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.06.021","article-title":"Clinical presentation, radiological features, and endoscopic management of mediastinal pseudocysts: experience of a decade","volume":"76","author":"Bhasin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70163-3","article-title":"Alterations in pancreatic ductal morphology following polyethylene pancreatic stent therapy","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)70164-5","article-title":"Stent-induced pancreatic ductal and parenchymal changes: correlation of endoscopic ultrasound with ERCP","volume":"44","author":"Sherman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-925052","article-title":"Effect of a novel pancreatic stent design on short-term pancreatic injury in a canine model","volume":"38","author":"Raju","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.12.036","article-title":"Biodegradable pancreatic stents: are they a disappearing wonder?","volume":"67","author":"Bhasin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.04049.x","article-title":"Endoscopic transpapillary nasopancreatic drainage alone to treat pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion","volume":"21","author":"Bhasin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420060083012","article-title":"Pancreatic ascites and effusion. Risk factors for failure of conservative therapy and the role of octreotide","volume":"127","author":"Parekh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07310.x","article-title":"Pancreatic ascites: study of therapeutic options by analysis of case reports and case series between the years 1975 and 2000","volume":"98","author":"Gomez-Cerezo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)70287-7","article-title":"Endoscopic pancreatic duct stenting to treat pancreatic ascites","volume":"49","author":"Bracher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000139051.74801.43","article-title":"Internal pancreatic fistulae: proposal of a management algorithm based on a case series analysis","volume":"38","author":"Chebli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80190-4","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic ascites","volume":"168","author":"Kozarek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05796.x","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment as first-line therapy for pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion","volume":"24","author":"Pai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-009-0037-9","article-title":"Outcome of pancreatic ascites in patients with tropical calcific pancreatitis managed using a uniform treatment protocol","volume":"28","author":"Kurumboor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0764-7","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic fistulae","volume":"20","author":"Cicek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)02719-6","article-title":"Successful treatment of pancreaticopleural fistula by nasopancreatic drainage and endoscopic removal of pancreatic duct calculi: a case report","volume":"59","author":"Miyachi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib78","first-page":"387","article-title":"Pancreatic pleural effusion. Case report and review of 113 cases in Japan","volume":"87","author":"Uchiyama","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2000.108296","article-title":"Pancreaticopleural fistula in chronic pancreatitis: resolution with endoscopic therapy","volume":"52","author":"Neher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-004-9140-2","article-title":"The endoscopic management of pancreatic fistulae","volume":"19","author":"Halttunen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.1998.91267","article-title":"Contemporary treatment strategies for external pancreatic fistulae","volume":"124","author":"Howard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib82","first-page":"695","article-title":"Treatment of external pancreatic fistulae with somatostatin","volume":"55","author":"Lansden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(97)80057-1","article-title":"Transpapillary stenting for pancreaticocutaneous fistulae","volume":"1","author":"Kozarek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2000.01573.x","article-title":"Endoscopic stent placement for pancreaticocutaneous fistula after surgical drainage of the pancreas","volume":"87","author":"Boerma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-13695","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of postsurgical external pancreatic fistulae","volume":"33","author":"Costamagna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.03.005","article-title":"Endoscopic management of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy and enucleation","volume":"197","author":"Goasguen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318212e901","article-title":"Endoscopic transpapillary stenting or conservative treatment for pancreatic fistulae in necrotizing pancreatitis: multicenter series and literature review","volume":"253","author":"Bakker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1043159","article-title":"Endoscopic fibrin gluing of pancreatic duct fistula following acute pancreatitis","volume":"121","author":"Engler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)02708-1","article-title":"Endoscopic sealing of pancreatic fistula by using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate","volume":"59","author":"Seewald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-825672","article-title":"External pancreatic fistulae resistant to conventional endoscopic therapy: endoscopic closure with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Glubran 2)","volume":"36","author":"Mutignani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903362610","article-title":"Endoscopic sealing of pancreatic fistulae: four case reports and review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Labori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E21","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944920","article-title":"Permanent closure of a pancreatic duct leak by endoscopic coiling","volume":"39","author":"L\u00fcthen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1008955","article-title":"Management of a persistent pancreatic fistula secondary to a ruptured pseudocyst with endoscopic insertion of an expandable metal stent","volume":"26","author":"Gane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.04.023","article-title":"Covered expandable metal stent placement for treatment of a refractory pancreatic duct leak","volume":"66","author":"Baron","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000058427.01661.42","article-title":"Metallic stent placement in the pancreatic duct: an experimental study in the normal dog pancreas","volume":"14","author":"Yamakado","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.01014.x","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of external pancreatic fistulas: when draining the main pancreatic duct is not enough","volume":"102","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.05.006","article-title":"Resolving external pancreatic fistulas in patients with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: using rendezvous techniques to avoid surgery (video)","volume":"76","author":"Irani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200307000-00023","article-title":"Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: imaging findings and therapeutic implications in 26 surgically corrected patients","volume":"27","author":"Tann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900204","article-title":"Natural course of acute pancreatitis","volume":"21","author":"Beger","year":"1997","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.275065163","article-title":"Disconnection of the pancreatic duct: an important but over-looked complication of severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"27","author":"Sandrasegaran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200203000-00011","article-title":"Influence of contrast enhanced computed tomography on course and outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis","volume":"24","author":"Uhl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.263055077","article-title":"Dynamic secretin-enhanced MR cholangiopancreatography","volume":"26","author":"Aksik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.040","article-title":"Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis","volume":"214","author":"Sutherland","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1621-8","article-title":"Endoscopic transmural drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections: outcomes and predictors of treatment success in 211 consecutive patients","volume":"15","author":"Varadarajulu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X10394232","article-title":"Successful transgastric pancreaticography and endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of a disconnected pancreatic tail syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Will","year":"2011","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.06.029","article-title":"EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticobulbostomy for the treatment of pain with pancreatic ductal dilation inaccessible to transpapillary endoscopic therapy","volume":"65","author":"Tessier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.12.032","article-title":"Review of EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage (with video)","volume":"69","author":"Varadarajulu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.125547","article-title":"EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy","volume":"56","author":"Francois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"}],"container-title":["Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052515713000810?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052515713000810?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:17:05Z","timestamp":1760944625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1052515713000810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052515713000810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-5157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-5157","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Endoscopic Therapy for Pancreatic Duct Leaks and Disruptions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.giec.2013.06.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}