{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:06:28Z","timestamp":1786989988660,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T18:38:46Z","timestamp":1759343926000},"page":"100219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Maternal death surveillance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017\u20132021: Causes and contributing factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7227-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sisay Tiroro","family":"Salato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolcha","family":"Kebebew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zegaye Hailemariam","family":"Tessema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habitamu","family":"Yimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sileshi Demelesh","family":"Sasie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0005","series-title":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF). Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response: Materials to Support Implementation [internet]","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0010","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0015","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0020","series-title":"Ethiopia-National Maternal Death Surveillance and Response System Annual Report 2006\u20132007 EFY [Internet]","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"World Health Organization Ethiopia Country Office","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223540","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in Ethiopia: achievements, challenges and prospects","volume":"14","author":"Ayele","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0030","first-page":"131","article-title":"Original article underreporting of in-hospital maternal deaths in three hospitals, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia","volume":"58","author":"Yigerem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000318","article-title":"Successes and challenges of the millennium development goals in Ethiopia: lessons for the sustainable development goals","volume":"2","author":"Assefa","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0040","first-page":"35","article-title":"Maternal death review at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia","volume":"31","author":"Shiferaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0045","first-page":"225","article-title":"Causes of maternal death in Ethiopia between 1990 and 2016","volume":"32","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethiop J Heal Dev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4665","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20204830","article-title":"Why do mothers die? A retrospective analysis of maternal mortality over 7 years in a tertiary care teaching Hospital in North Karnataka, India","volume":"9","author":"Yaliwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03920-4","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for maternal mortality at a tertiary care Centre in eastern Nepal- retrospective cross sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Sitaula","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0060","article-title":"Causes and contributing factors of maternal mortality in Bosaso District of Somalia. A retrospective study of 30 cases using a verbal autopsy approach","volume":"12","author":"Aden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Health Action [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1406-5","article-title":"Factors associated with maternal mortality in Malawi: application of the three delays model","volume":"17","author":"Mgawadere","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7","article-title":"Too far to walk\u00a0: maternal mortality in context","volume":"38","author":"Thaddeus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1699-z","article-title":"Maternal death and delays in accessing emergency obstetric care in Mozambique","volume":"18","author":"Chavane","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03262-7","article-title":"A ten year analysis of maternal deaths in a tertiary hospital using the three delays model","volume":"20","author":"Mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13010","article-title":"Cause of and contributing factors to maternal deaths a cross-sectional study using verbal autopsy in.Pdf","volume":"121","author":"Halim","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0090","series-title":"Population projections for Ethiopia 2007\u20132037","first-page":"188","author":"Central Statistaical Agency","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0095","unstructured":"Alebachew A, Waddington C. Improving Health System Efficiency: Ethiopia: Human Resources for Health Reforms. WHO [Internet] 2015;1\u201328. Available from https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/187240\/WHO_HIS_HGF_CaseStudy_15.6_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0100","series-title":"Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey","author":"Central Statistical Agency[Ethiopia] and ICF","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0105","series-title":"Beyond the Numbers: Reviewing Maternal Deaths and Disabilities to Make Pregnancy Safer [internet]. Maternal and Infant Deaths: Chasing Millennium Development goals 4 and 5","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0110","article-title":"Variation in maternal mortality in Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia: a population based cross sectional household survey","volume":"18","author":"Kea","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06516-w","article-title":"A population-based estimation of maternal mortality in Lagos state, Nigeria using the indirect sisterhood method","volume":"24","author":"Wright","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0120","series-title":"Maternal Mortality: The Urgency of a Systemic and Multisectoral Approach in Mitigating Maternal Deaths in Africa. Anal Fact Sheet","first-page":"1","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0125","unstructured":"World Bank. Ethiopia Maternal Mortality Rate 1960\u20132024\/MacroTrends. [Internet]. https:\/\/wwwmacrotrendsnet\/global-metrics\/countries\/ETH\/ethiopia\/maternal-mortality-rate. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.macrotrends.net\/global-metrics\/countries\/ETH\/ethiopia\/maternal-mortality- rate\u2019%3EEthiopia Maternal Mortality Rate 1960\u20132024%3C\/a%3E. www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2024-09-16.%0AMaternal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0130","series-title":"Guidelines 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sub-Fund. The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Futures","author":"United Nation Sustainble Development Goals","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0135","article-title":"Critical factors associated with postpartum maternal death in Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Tesfay","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1479-1","article-title":"Institutional maternal and perinatal deaths: a review of 40 low and middle income countries","volume":"17","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00578","article-title":"Timing of maternal mortality and severe morbidity during the postpartum period: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Dol","year":"2022","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk factors for postpartum maternal mortality and hospital readmission in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Symonds","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0155","article-title":"Causes of maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of studies publiched from 2015 to 2020","volume":"15","author":"Musarandega","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0160","article-title":"Target areas to reduce the burden of maternal death due to obstetric hemorrhage in Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Tesfay","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11648\/j.jgo.20221001.11","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in Balochistan, Pakistan - causes & contributory factors of maternal deaths","volume":"10","author":"Arif","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13010","article-title":"Cause of and contributing factors to maternal deaths; a cross-sectional study using verbal autopsy in four districts in Bangladesh","volume":"121","author":"Halim","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2617-8","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Mersha","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70227-X","article-title":"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"2","author":"Say","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v24i0.3S","article-title":"Causes of maternal mortality in Ethiopia: a significant decline in abortion related death","volume":"24","author":"Berhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214807","article-title":"Patterns and causes of hospital maternal mortality in","volume":"24","author":"Bwana","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02526-6","article-title":"Third delay and associated factors among women who gave birth at public health facilities of Gurage zone, southern Ethiopia","volume":"23","author":"Berihun","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05460-7","article-title":"Causes of maternal deaths and delays in care: comparison between routine maternal death surveillance and response system and an obstetrician expert panel in Tanzania","volume":"20","author":"Said","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["Global Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590113325000379?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590113325000379?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T22:14:52Z","timestamp":1765491292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590113325000379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2590113325000379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1133","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Maternal death surveillance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017\u20132021: Causes and contributing factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Global Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloepi.2025.100219","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100219"}}