{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:03:43Z","timestamp":1790597023620,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82303874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82303874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Medical Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:18:27Z","timestamp":1789085907000},"page":"100127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GPI: A pan-cancer biomarker integrating genetic alterations, immune infiltration, and therapeutic response prediction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jincheng","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasios A.","family":"Politis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio Vincenzo","family":"Grilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiefeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilkis, S.J. and D.K. Granner, Molecular physiology of the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Annu Rev Physiol, 1992(0066-4278 (Print)).","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.54.030192.004321"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.752642","article-title":"GPI is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.995972","article-title":"GPI: an indicator for immune infiltrates and prognosis of human breast cancer from a comprehensive analysis","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012615-044438","article-title":"Cancer stem cells: basic concepts and therapeutic implications","volume":"11","author":"Nassar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.03.001","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade: a common denominator approach to cancer therapy","volume":"27","author":"Topalian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5114\/wo.2014.47136","article-title":"Review the cancer genome atlas (TCGA): an immeasurable source of knowledge","volume":"1A","author":"Tomczak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna Onkol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21078","article-title":"Genetic variations as cancer prognostic markers: review and update","volume":"30","author":"Savas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human. Mutat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9620870","article-title":"Genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications: driving cancer and informing precision medicine","volume":"2017","author":"Coyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17807","article-title":"Identification and validation of SOCS1\/2\/3\/4 as potential prognostic biomarkers and correlate with immune infiltration in glioblastoma","volume":"27","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac129","article-title":"CAMOIP: a web server for comprehensive analysis on multi-omics of immunotherapy in pan-cancer","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinforma."},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W556","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz430","article-title":"GEPIA2: an enhanced web server for large-scale expression profiling and interactive analysis","volume":"47","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"269","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004088","article-title":"Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib13","article-title":"Discovery of ferroptosis-related genes in renal ischemia reperfusion and evaluate the potential impact on kidney transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4200","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz210","article-title":"TISIDB: an integrated repository portal for tumor\u2013immune system interactions","volume":"35","author":"Ru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W283","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf423","article-title":"GEPIA3: enhanced drug sensitivity and interaction network analysis for cancer research","volume":"53","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbz142","article-title":"RNAactDrug: a comprehensive database of RNAs associated with drug sensitivity from multi-omics data","volume":"21","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinforma."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.202000311","article-title":"Universal and cross-cancer prognostic biomarkers for predicting survival risk of cancer patients from expression profile of apoptotic pathway genes","volume":"22","author":"Arora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-0253-2","article-title":"Role of RNA modifications in cancer","volume":"20","author":"Barbieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3331-1_13","article-title":"DNA methylation analysis","author":"Hattori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-022-01943-1","article-title":"DNA methylation and cancer: transcriptional regulation, prognostic, and therapeutic perspective","volume":"40","author":"Bhootra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-47189-7_7","article-title":"Wnt signaling in the tumor microenvironment","author":"Ruan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tumor Microenviron."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3612","article-title":"Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data","volume":"4","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.16346","article-title":"The clinical impact of the tumor stroma ratio in gastrointestinal cancer treatment","volume":"43","author":"Aoyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2023.2243169","article-title":"Light on life: immunoscore immune-checkpoint, a predictor of immunotherapy response","volume":"12","author":"Hijazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.650534","article-title":"High level of METTL7B indicates poor prognosis of patients and is related to immunity in glioma","volume":"11","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0584-2","article-title":"Tumor genomic alterations in severe-combined immunodeficiency bare-lymphocyte syndrome genes are associated with high mutational burden and disproportional neo-antigen rates","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.12.011","article-title":"Multifaceted role of chemokines in solid tumors: From biology to therapy.","author":"Raza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib30","article-title":"MHC-I genotype drives early immune selection of oncogenic mutations","volume":"5","author":"Marty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. & Cell. Oncol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.221","article-title":"Regulation of glycolysis and the Warburg effect by estrogen-related receptors","volume":"32","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.17.16745","article-title":"Mutations to metabolic enzymes in cancer herald a need to unify genetics and biochemistry","volume":"10","author":"Kawamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Cycle"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3130","article-title":"A decade of exploring the cancer epigenome \u2014 biological and translational implications","volume":"11","author":"Baylin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2499","article-title":"Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions","volume":"8","author":"Visvader","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7661","article-title":"Atractylenolide-1 affects glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis by downregulating the expression of TPI1 and GPI to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000704","article-title":"ALDOB\/KAT2A interactions epigenetically modulate TGF-\u03b2 expression and T cell functions in hepatocellular carcinogenesis","volume":"81","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04632-z","article-title":"Zeb1-induced metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis is essential for macrophage polarization in breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Death & Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0928-4","article-title":"Role of the tumor microenvironment in PD-L1\/PD-1-mediated tumor immune escape","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408868","article-title":"Combined vemurafenib and cobimetinib in braf-mutated melanoma","volume":"371","author":"Larkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"New. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib40","unstructured":"Spencer, B.Fa.C.M., Docetaxel. DRUG EVALUATION, 1996."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc706","article-title":"Multidrug resistance in cancer: role of ATP\u2013dependent transporters","volume":"2","author":"Gottesman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1074","article-title":"5-Fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies","volume":"3","author":"Longley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17435889.2024.2377062","article-title":"The advancement of siRNA-based nanomedicine for tumor therapy","author":"Qiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbinf.2024.1278228","article-title":"Ten common issues with reference sequence databases and how to mitigate them","volume":"4","author":"Chorlton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Bioinforma."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02408-3","article-title":"Pan-cancer landscape of CENPO and its underlying mechanism in LUAD","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.05.010","article-title":"Vivo and In Vitro models to study liver fibrosis: mechanisms and limitations","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.06.009","article-title":"AKT\/PKB signaling: navigating downstream","volume":"129","author":"Manning","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.537311","article-title":"GPI-AP: unraveling a new class of malignancy mediators and potential immunotherapy targets","volume":"10","author":"Hussein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Global Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2699940426000354?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2699940426000354?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:44:09Z","timestamp":1790595849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2699940426000354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2699940426000354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127","relation":{},"ISSN":["2699-9404"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2699-9404","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"GPI: A pan-cancer biomarker integrating genetic alterations, immune infiltration, and therapeutic response prediction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Global Medical Genetics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gmg.2026.100127","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100127"}}