{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:47:35Z","timestamp":1790491655500,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]],"date-time":"2010-03-03T10:16:08Z","timestamp":1267611368000},"page":"69-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Pharmacologic Therapies for Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Lee M.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2008.08.004","article-title":"Medications for weight reduction","volume":"37","author":"Bray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220802637063","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of obesity: emerging drugs and targets","volume":"13","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1294","article-title":"Lifestyle and pharmacological approaches to weight loss: efficacy and safety","volume":"93","author":"Bray","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802475","article-title":"Long-term pharmacotherapy for overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Padwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.59.2.2","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of the overweight patient","volume":"59","author":"Bray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004094.pub2","article-title":"Long-term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight","author":"Padwal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib7","first-page":"51S","article-title":"Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults\u2014the evidence report. National Institutes of Health","volume":"6","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)90009-9","article-title":"Weight management and current options in pharmacotherapy: orlistat and sibutramine","volume":"25","author":"Leung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.142","article-title":"Bupropion SR vs. placebo for weight loss in obese patients with depressive symptoms","volume":"10","author":"Jain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2283","article-title":"Metformin and weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: comparison of doses","volume":"90","author":"Harborne","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-008-0009-z","article-title":"Exenatide as a treatment for diabetes and obesity: implications for cardiovascular risk reduction","volume":"10","author":"Mafong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167S","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.284","article-title":"Topiramate: a new potential pharmacological treatment for obesity","volume":"12","author":"Astrup","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.14.1820","article-title":"Zonisamide for weight loss in obese adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"289","author":"Gadde","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.053","article-title":"Drug treatment of the overweight patient","volume":"132","author":"Bray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00463.x","article-title":"Head-to-head studies evaluating efficacy of pharmaco-therapy for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Neovius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901","article-title":"Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine","volume":"337","author":"Connolly","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-6-200203190-00018","article-title":"Regression and progression of valvulopathy associated with fenfluramine and phentermine","volume":"136","author":"Dahl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-1555-AAMFPV","article-title":"Aortic and mitral fenfluramine-phentermine valvulopathy in 64 patients treated with anorectic agents","volume":"125","author":"Volmar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.189","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of pharmacological anti-obesity treatments: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Neovius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050156","article-title":"Randomized trial of lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy for obesity","volume":"353","author":"Wadden","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.100","article-title":"Are non-prescription medications needed for weight control?","volume":"16","author":"Bray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803548","article-title":"Weight loss and metabolic effects of topiramate in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Eliasson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0029","article-title":"Sustained weight loss following 12-month pramlintide treatment as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention in obesity","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944708098226","article-title":"Current pharmacotherapeutic concepts for the treatment of obesity in adults","volume":"3","author":"Idelevich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.2174\/156802609788897826","article-title":"Promising strategies for obesity pharmacotherapy: melanocortin-4 (MC-4) receptor agonists and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor-1 antagonists","volume":"9","author":"Jeon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2174\/157488409787236128","article-title":"Recent advances in obesity pharmacotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Mayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903048959","article-title":"Naltrexone for the treatment of obesity: review and update","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4898","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1350","article-title":"Comparison of combined bupropion and naltrexone therapy for obesity with monotherapy and placebo","volume":"94","author":"Greenway","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib29","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Contrave, a bupropion and naltrexone combination therapy for the potential treatment of obesity","volume":"10","author":"Padwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560902775750","article-title":"Bupropion and naltrexone: a review of their use individually and in combination for the treatment of obesity","volume":"10","author":"Plodkowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680800200525","article-title":"Drugs in the pipeline for the obesity market","volume":"2","author":"Klonoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283304f90","article-title":"Combination therapy for obesity and metabolic disease","volume":"16","author":"Gadde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.2174\/138955709788452739","article-title":"Drug treatment of obesity: established and emerging therapies","volume":"9","author":"Isidro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.72","article-title":"Long-term weight control study. IV (weeks 156 to 190). The second double-blind phase","volume":"51","author":"Weintraub","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib35","first-page":"14853","article-title":"Implementation of the comprehensive methamphetamine control of 1996; regulation of pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and combination ephedrine drug products and reports of certain transactions to nonregulated persons. Final rule","volume":"67","author":"Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Justice","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib36","first-page":"6787","article-title":"Final rule declaring dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids adulterated because they present an unreasonable risk. Final rule","volume":"69","author":"Food and Drug Administration, HHS","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2008.00041.x","article-title":"Molecular pharmacodynamics, clinical therapeutics, and pharmacokinetics of topiramate","volume":"14","author":"Shank","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.14.1724","article-title":"Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"292","author":"Buchwald","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.507","article-title":"Capacity for physical activity predicts weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass","volume":"17","author":"Hatoum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855310000026?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855310000026?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T08:11:01Z","timestamp":1635063061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889855310000026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889855310000026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}