{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T13:07:24Z","timestamp":1784293644306,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T18:00:25Z","timestamp":1382551225000},"page":"785-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Chronic Pelvic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199806000-00023","article-title":"Evidence-based management of chronic pelvic pain","volume":"41","author":"Reiter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00465.x","article-title":"Chronic female pelvic pain\u2014part 1: clinical pathoanatomy and examination of the pelvic region","volume":"12","author":"Apte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00458-0","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain: prevalence, health-related quality of life, and economic correlates","volume":"87","author":"Mathias","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"468","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib4","first-page":"541","article-title":"The community prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in women and associated illness behaviour","volume":"51","author":"Zondervan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2004.tb00446.x","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain in New Zealand: prevalence, pain severity, diagnoses and use of the health services","volume":"28","author":"Grace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.06.045","article-title":"Diagnosis of endometriosis and pelvic pain","volume":"86","author":"Garry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib7","first-page":"428","article-title":"Demographic and historic variables in women with idiopathic chronic pelvic pain","volume":"75","author":"Reiter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib8","first-page":"193","article-title":"Abuse history and chronic pain in women: I. Prevalences of sexual abuse and physical abuse","volume":"84","author":"Walling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09356.x","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative study of women with chronic pelvic pain, chronic nonpelvic pain and those with no history of pain attending general practitioners","volume":"105","author":"Collett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib10","first-page":"2225","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain","volume":"54","author":"Ryder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib11","unstructured":"International Pelvic Pain Society history and physical form. Available at: http:\/\/www.pelvicpain.org\/pdf\/History_and_Physical_Form\/IPPS-H&PformR-MSW.pdf. Accessed May 2013."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199709000-00016","article-title":"Office assessment of chronic pelvic pain","volume":"40","author":"Steege","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OGX.0000083225.90017.01","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain: an integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"58","author":"Gunter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200312000-00009","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain as a form of complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Janicki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.8813","article-title":"Chronic anal and perianal pain resolved with MRI","volume":"200","author":"Dwarkasing","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2007.16.2.22764","article-title":"A\u00a0multidisciplinary approach to self-care in chronic pelvic pain","volume":"16","author":"Pearce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00492.x","article-title":"Chronic female pelvic pain\u2014part 2: differential diagnosis and management","volume":"12","author":"Nelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21774.x","article-title":"The rationale for use of medical suppressive therapy prior to endoscopic surgery","volume":"734","author":"Buttram","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-012-0850-6","article-title":"Deep pelvic endometriosis: accuracy of pelvic MRI completed by MR colonography","volume":"118","author":"Scardapane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.05.006","article-title":"Beyond laparoscopy: 3-T magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of posterior cul-de-sac obliteration","volume":"30","author":"Manganaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12305","article-title":"Prediction of pouch of Douglas obliteration in women with suspected endometriosis using a new real-time dynamic transvaginal ultrasound technique: the sliding sign","volume":"41","author":"Reid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7898","article-title":"The value of pelvic MRI in the diagnosis of posterior cul-de-sac obliteration in cases of deep pelvic endometriosis","volume":"199","author":"Macario","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12431","article-title":"Uterine sliding sign: a simple sonographic predictor for presence of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum","volume":"41","author":"Hudelist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2007.07.008","article-title":"Japanese-style acupuncture for endometriosis-related pelvic pain in adolescents and young women: results of a randomized sham-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Wayne","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2006.12.317","article-title":"Adolescent endometriosis-related pelvic pain treated with acupuncture: two case reports","volume":"12","author":"Highfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Altern Complement Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib26","article-title":"Surgical interruption of pelvic nerve pathways for primary dysmenorrhea","author":"Proctor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1258\/026835507780807248","article-title":"Pelvic congestion syndrome: chronic pelvic pain caused by ovarian and internal iliac varices","volume":"22","author":"Liddle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3181e0976f","article-title":"Pelvic congestion syndrome-associated pelvic pain: a systematic review of diagnosis and management","volume":"65","author":"Tu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib29","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Vulvodynia: diagnosis and management","volume":"73","author":"Reed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200312000-00007","article-title":"Vulvodynia","volume":"15","author":"Smart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.3.236","article-title":"NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis","volume":"282","author":"Krieger","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib32","first-page":"818","article-title":"Leukocytes and bacteria in men with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome compared to asymptomatic controls","volume":"170","author":"Nickel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02087-2","article-title":"Diagnosing interstitial cystitis in women with chronic pelvic pain","volume":"100","author":"Clemons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib34","first-page":"1862","article-title":"The role of urinary potassium in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis","volume":"159","author":"Parson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl 6A","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01131-1","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: current issues and controversies in diagnosis","volume":"57","author":"Sant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200203000-00027","article-title":"Interstitial cystitis: a pathophysiology and treatment update","volume":"45","author":"Moldwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(90)80116-5","article-title":"Pentosan polysulfate sodium for therapy of interstitial cystitis","volume":"35","author":"Mulholland","year":"1990","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006113.pub2","article-title":"Intravesical treatments for painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis","author":"Dawson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08495.x","article-title":"Comparison of intravesical botulinum toxin type A injections plus hydrodistention with hydrodistention alone for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Kuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0466-x","article-title":"Short-term results of bilateral S2-S4 sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome, and chronic pelvic pain","volume":"19","author":"Zabihi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00153-5","article-title":"Urethral syndrome and associated risk factors related to obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"83","author":"G\u00fcrel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1159\/000090876","article-title":"Treatment of urethral syndrome: a prospective randomized study with Nd:YAG laser","volume":"76","author":"Costantini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.061","article-title":"Functional bowel disorders","volume":"130","author":"Longstreth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-011-0204-4","article-title":"Management of chronic pelvic pain","volume":"15","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"6577","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6577.934","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome as a cause of chronic pain in women attending a gynaecology clinic","volume":"294","author":"Hogston","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1004409","article-title":"Rifaximin therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation","volume":"364","author":"Pimental","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003960.pub3","article-title":"Tegaserod for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation","author":"Evans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03964.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: effects of botulinum toxin on levator ani syndrome\u2014a double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"29","author":"Rao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e318217586f","article-title":"Patient characteristics and treatment outcome in functional anorectal pain","volume":"54","author":"Atkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.04.013","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain","volume":"23","author":"Baranowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-004-0060-x","article-title":"Anorectal and perineal pain: new pathophysiological hypothesis","volume":"8","author":"Mazza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib52","unstructured":"Rome III diagnostic criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Available at:\u00a0http:\/\/www.romecriteria.org\/assets\/pdf\/19_RomeIII_apA_885\u2013898.pdf. Accessed January 3, 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050352","article-title":"Manometric and radiologic investigations and biofeedback treatment of chronic idiopathic anal pain","volume":"34","author":"Grimaud","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599709030631","article-title":"Entrapment neuropathy of the internal pudendal nerve: report of two cases","volume":"31","author":"Pisani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235281","article-title":"Treatment of proctalgia fugax with topical nitroglycerin: report of a case","volume":"41","author":"Lowenstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200111000-00017","article-title":"Treatment of proctalgia fugax with botulinum A toxin","volume":"13","author":"Katsinelos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0736-3","article-title":"Proctalgia fugax: caused by pudendal neuropathy?","volume":"48","author":"Takano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4321\/S1130-01082005000700004","article-title":"Sequential treatment for proctalgia fugax. Mid-term follow-up","volume":"97","author":"Gracia Solanas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e31819d1319","article-title":"Is sacral nerve stimulation an effective treatment for chronic idiopathic anal pain?","volume":"52","author":"Falletto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000158870.68159.d9","article-title":"Effect of three different physical therapy treatments on pain and activity in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: a randomized clinical trial with 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up postpartum","volume":"30","author":"Nilsson-Wikmar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2007.02.001","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of pelvic girdle pain disorders \u2013 part 1: a mechanism based approach within a biopsychosocial framework","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2012.748114","article-title":"Effectiveness of physical therapy for pregnancy-related low back and\/or pelvic pain after delivery: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050206","article-title":"The active straight leg raising test and mobility of the pelvic joints","volume":"8","author":"Mens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199607000-00002","article-title":"CT-guided intraarticular corticosteroid injection into the sacroiliac joints in patients with spondyloarthropathy: indication and follow-up with contrast-enhanced MRI","volume":"20","author":"Bollow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31817f4c7c","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled study evaluating lateral branch radiofrequency denervation for sacroiliac joint pain","volume":"109","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2008.00231.x","article-title":"Cooled radiofrequency system for the treatment of chronic pain from sacroiliitis: the first case-series","volume":"8","author":"Kapural","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01303162","article-title":"U.S. householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders: prevalence, sociodemography, and health impact","volume":"38","author":"Drossman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02587168","article-title":"Levator syndrome: an analysis of 316 cases","volume":"18","author":"Grant","year":"1975","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02560224","article-title":"Levator syndrome: a treatment that works","volume":"28","author":"Nicosia","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(05)70176-X","article-title":"Functional anorectal and pelvic pain","volume":"30","author":"Wald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00315.x","article-title":"The use of botulinum toxin type A\u00a0(BOTOX) as treatment for intractable chronic pelvic pain associated with spasm of the levator ani muscles","volume":"112","author":"Thomson","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054987","article-title":"Biofeedback for intractable rectal pain","volume":"40","author":"Gilliland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E621","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231895.72380.64","article-title":"The treatment of chronic coccydynia with intrarectal manipulation: a randomized controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Maigne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2010.00404.x","article-title":"Coccygodynia","volume":"10","author":"Patijn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181b0c2ae","article-title":"Age-related pelvic floor modifications and prolapse risk factors in postmenopausal women","volume":"17","author":"Tinelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00438.x","article-title":"Young women with genital prolapse have a low collagen concentration","volume":"83","author":"Soderberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e31816d7386","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections in adolescent women","volume":"51","author":"Tarr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(00)01056-5","article-title":"Conscious pain mapping by laparoscopy in women with chronic pelvic pain","volume":"96","author":"Howard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2009\/12\/633","article-title":"Successful treatment of refractory pudendal neuralgia with pulsed radiofrequency","volume":"12","author":"Rhame","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00143.x","article-title":"Pulsed radiofrequency denervation for the treatment of sacroiliac joint syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Vallejo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-007-0191-x","article-title":"Pulsed radiofrequency for the treatment of chronic ilioinguinal neuropathy","volume":"11","author":"Mitra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00484-5","article-title":"The efficacy and complications of laparoscopic presacral neurectomy in pelvic pain","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92070-2","article-title":"Double- blind study of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis","volume":"2","author":"Tsui","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000237100.29870.cc","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for chronic pain and pelvic floor spasm in women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-2015-5","article-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin type A injection of the pelvic floor muscle in pain due to spasticity: a review of the current literature","volume":"24","author":"Bhide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.1999.0086","article-title":"The role of laparoscopy as a diagnostic tool in chronic pelvic pain","volume":"14","author":"Howard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib87","first-page":"587","article-title":"American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists' 1988 membership survey on operative laparoscopy","volume":"35","author":"Peterson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib88","first-page":"569","article-title":"Operative laparoscopy. American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 1991 membership survey","volume":"38","author":"Hulka","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib89","first-page":"740","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized clinical trial to compare two different approaches in women with chronic pelvic pain","volume":"77","author":"Peters","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9365","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12979-0","article-title":"Laparoscopic adhesiolysis in patients with chronic abdominal pain: a blinded randomised controlled multi-centre trial","volume":"361","author":"Swank","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(05)60007-2","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and quality of life after laparoscopic adhesiolysis for chronic abdominal pain","volume":"11","author":"Dunker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303253281207","article-title":"Indications for hysterectomy","volume":"328","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00304-A","article-title":"The effectiveness of hysterectomy for chronic pelvic pain","volume":"86","author":"Hillis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855313001003?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855313001003?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T10:05:43Z","timestamp":1646906743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889855313001003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889855313001003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}}}