{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:55:23Z","timestamp":1786964123554,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T07:45:52Z","timestamp":1570175152000},"page":"551-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hepatobiliary Complications of Chronic Intestinal Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Van Gossum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Demetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.08.017","article-title":"ESPEN endorsed recommendations. Definition and classification of intestinal failure in adults","volume":"34","author":"Pironi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.04.013","article-title":"Clinical classification of adult patients with chronic intestinal failure due to benign disease: an international multicenter cross-sectional survey","volume":"37","author":"Pironi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90864-9","article-title":"Hepatobiliary complications of total parenteral nutrition","volume":"104","author":"Quigley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bon Djemah V, Colomb V, Corcos O, et\u00a0al. Home parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. In: Bozzetti F, Staun M, Van Gossum A, editors. Home parenteral nutrition, 2nd edition. Wallingford, UK:CABI; p. 155\u201370.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780643113.0155"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2015-100560","article-title":"Reversal of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD): emphasis on its multifactorial nature","volume":"7","author":"Hvas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontline Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607117722755","article-title":"Predictive value of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in premature infants with intestinal perforation","volume":"42","author":"Vongbhavit","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.07.006","article-title":"Clinical approach to the management of Intestinal Failure Associated Liver Disease (IFALD) in adults: a position paper from the Home Artificial Nutrition and Chronic Intestinal Failure Special Interest Group of ESPEN","volume":"37","author":"Lal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.07.032","article-title":"Cost analysis of chronic intestinal failure","volume":"38","author":"Canovai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.04.019","article-title":"Assessment of intestinal failure associated liver disease according to different diagnostic criteria","volume":"38","author":"Sasdelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290480032019","article-title":"Liver function values in adults receiving total parenteral nutrition","volume":"241","author":"Lindor","year":"1979","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2 suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.10.066","article-title":"Intestinal failure associated liver disease: what do we know today?","volume":"130","author":"Kelly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-7-200004040-00003","article-title":"Prevalence of liver disease and contributing factors in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition for permanent intestinal failure","volume":"132","author":"Cavicchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.06.016","article-title":"Five-year survival and causes of death in patients on home parenteral nutrition for severe chronic and benign intestinal failure","volume":"37","author":"Joly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.01.020","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on chronic intestinal failure in adults","volume":"35","author":"Pironi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2002.0554","article-title":"Prevalence, outcome and associated factors of deranged liver function tests in patients on home parenteral nutrition","volume":"21","author":"Luman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114538057","article-title":"Transient elastography (FibroScan) is not correlated with liver fibrosis but with cholestasis in patients with long-term home parenteral nutrition","volume":"39","author":"Van Gossum","year":"2015","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12887","article-title":"Transient elastography and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio predict liver injury in paediatric intestinal failure","volume":"36","author":"Hukkinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03615.x","article-title":"Chronic biochemical cholestasis in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition: prevalence and predisposing factors","volume":"27","author":"Lloyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib19","first-page":"30","article-title":"Chronic cholestasis and macronutrient excess in patients treated with prolonged parenteral nutrition","volume":"8","author":"Messing","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13545","article-title":"Ultrashort bowel is an independent risk factor for liver fibrosis in adults with home parenteral nutrition","volume":"38","author":"Cazals-Hatem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1423","article-title":"The gut microbiome in patients with intestinal failure: current evidence and implications for clinical practice","volume":"43","author":"Neelis","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.09.001","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis","volume":"2","author":"Inagaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1362","article-title":"Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids","volume":"284","author":"Makishima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867321666140303142053","article-title":"Metabolic effects of bile acids in the gut in health and disease","volume":"21","author":"Boesjes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03764-1","article-title":"Macrophage-derived IL-1\u03b2-kB signaling mediates parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis","volume":"9","author":"El Kasmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1167","article-title":"No gut no gain! Enteral bile acid treatment preserves gut growth but not parenteral nutrition-associated liver injury in a novel extensive short bowel animal model","volume":"42","author":"Villalona","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000503","article-title":"Intestinal failure-associated liver disease: causes, manifestations and therapies","volume":"35","author":"Rochling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.04.013","article-title":"What information should lead to a suspicion of catheter sepsis in HPN?","volume":"27","author":"Clare","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.147","article-title":"Chronic cholestasis in patients on parenteral nutrition: the influence of restoring bowel continuity after mesenteric infarction","volume":"70","author":"Adaba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90433-7","article-title":"L-Carnitine therapy in home parenteral nutrition patients with abnormal liver tests and low plasma carnitine concentrations","volume":"94","author":"Bowyer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607101025005260","article-title":"Choline deficiency causes reversible hepatic abnormalities in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: proof of a human choline requirement: a placebo controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Buchman","year":"2001","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90777-V","article-title":"Lecithin increases plasma free choline and decreases hepatic steatosis in long-term total parenteral nutrition patients","volume":"102","author":"Buchman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib33","article-title":"Long-term use of mixed-oil lipid emulsion in soybean oil-intolerant home parenteral nutrition patients","author":"Mundi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclnm.2010.08.003","article-title":"Fish oil-based emulsion for the treatment of parenteral nutrition associated liver disease in an adult patient","volume":"5","author":"Pironi","year":"2010","journal-title":"e-SPEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607112450301","article-title":"Reversal of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease with a fish oil-based lipid emulsion (Omegaven) in an adult dependent on home parenteral nutrition","volume":"37","author":"Burns","year":"2013","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.07.009","article-title":"Successful treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in an adult by use of a fish oil-based lipid source","volume":"29","author":"Venecourt-Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.10.001","article-title":"Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to reverse biopsy-proven parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in adults","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.03.008","article-title":"Intravenous lipid emulsions and liver function in adult chronic intestinal failure patients: results from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"55-56","author":"Klek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1463","article-title":"Long-term outcomes in children with intestinal failure-associated liver disease treated with 6\u00a0months of intravenous fish oil followed by resumption of intravenous soybean oil","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.05.004","article-title":"Outcome on home parenteral nutrition for benign intestinal failure: a review of the literature and benchmarking with the European prospective survey of ESPEN","volume":"31","author":"Pironi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.223255","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients on home parenteral nutrition in Europe: implications for intestinal transplantation","volume":"60","author":"Pironi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.11.1493","article-title":"Colonic preservation reduces need for parenteral therapy, increases incidence of renal stones, but does not change high prevalence of gallstones in patients with a short bowel","volume":"33","author":"Nightingale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1996.01430170102020","article-title":"The role of prophylactic cholecystectomy in the short-bowel syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Thompson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90204-4","article-title":"Does total parenteral nutrition induce gallbladder sludge formation and lithiasis?","volume":"84","author":"Messing","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-199805000-00003","article-title":"Bile composition in patients with ileal resection due to Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Lapidus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.09.008","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and complications of cholelithiasis in patients with home parenteral nutrition","volume":"204","author":"Dray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.07.017","article-title":"Decreased bile acid synthesis with total parenteral nutrition","volume":"194","author":"Dawes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.10.1400","article-title":"Effect of lipid infusion on lipid composition and lithogenicity in patients without cholesterol gallstones","volume":"33","author":"Rubin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607189013005461","article-title":"Gallstone disease in patients with severe short bowel syndrome dependent on parenteral nutrition","volume":"13","author":"Manji","year":"1989","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E153","article-title":"Sincalide in patients with parenteral nutrition associated gallbladder disease","volume":"38","author":"Prescott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607196020003187","article-title":"IV chenodeoxycholate prevents calcium bilirubinate gallstones during total parenteral nutrition in the prairie dog","volume":"20","author":"Broughton","year":"1996","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib52","first-page":"609","article-title":"Effect of short-term octreotide therapy and total parenteral nutrition on the development of biliary sludge and lithiasis","volume":"49","author":"Baudet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.12.009","article-title":"Intestinal failure-associated liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Pironi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855319300603?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855319300603?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:28:36Z","timestamp":1760178516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889855319300603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889855319300603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hepatobiliary Complications of Chronic Intestinal Failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2019.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}