{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:48:29Z","timestamp":1793155709474,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:39:57Z","timestamp":1661809197000},"page":"625-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Conrad J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galen","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Eads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryson W.","family":"Katona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One hundred years after \u201ccarcinoid\u201d: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589","article-title":"Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Dasari","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20011015)92:8<2204::AID-CNCR1564>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Incidence trends and risk factors of carcinoid tumors: a nationwide epidemiologic study from Sweden","volume":"92","author":"Hemminki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23883","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology: contrasting Norway and North America","volume":"113","author":"Hauso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29099","article-title":"Exploring the rising incidence of neuroendocrine tumors: a population-based analysis of epidemiology, metastatic presentation, and outcomes","volume":"121","author":"Hallet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0678-5","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: analysis of a US commercial insurance claims database","volume":"18","author":"Broder","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2124750","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.24750","article-title":"Epidemiologic trends of and factors associated with overall survival for patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01029-7","article-title":"Epidemiology, incidence, and prevalence of neuroendocrine neoplasms: are there global differences?","volume":"23","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11105","article-title":"A\u00a05-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors","volume":"97","author":"Modlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2018.07.001","article-title":"Epidemiologic trends in neuroendocrine tumors: an examination of incidence rates and survival of specific patient subgroups over the past 20 years","volume":"45","author":"Sackstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib11","series-title":"Neuroendocrine and adrenal tumors. Version 4","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13975","article-title":"The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system","volume":"76","author":"Nagtegaal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000619","article-title":"Evaluation of the concordance between the stage of the disease and Ki-67 proliferation index in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"28","author":"\u00d6zaslan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182417d36","article-title":"Small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas are genetically similar and distinct from well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"36","author":"Yachida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31124","article-title":"Comparative study of lung and extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas: A SEER database analysis of 162,983 cases","volume":"124","author":"Dasari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28721","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"120","author":"Sorbye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.11.014","article-title":"National rise of primary pancreatic carcinoid tumors: comparison to functional and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"224","author":"Kasumova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000376","article-title":"Carcinoid-syndrome: recent advances, current status and controversies","volume":"25","author":"Ito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.08.045","article-title":"Analysis of 150 patients with carcinoid syndrome seen in a single year at one institution in the first decade of the twenty-first century","volume":"101","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30110-9","article-title":"Frequency of carcinoid syndrome at neuroendocrine tumour diagnosis: a population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Halperin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.5678","article-title":"Carcinoid syndrome from a carcinoid tumor of the pancreas without liver metastases: a case report and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Zavras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr122","article-title":"Carcinoid syndrome from small bowel endocrine carcinoma in the absence of hepatic metastasis","volume":"40","author":"Datta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481307900437","article-title":"Terminal ileal carcinoid tumor without hepatic or extrahepatic metastasis causing carcinoid syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Datta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib24","first-page":"254","article-title":"Flush symptoms caused by a mesenteric carcinoid without liver metastases","volume":"85","author":"Sonnet","year":"2002","journal-title":"JBR-BTR"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1119456","article-title":"Rectal carcinoids are on the rise: early detection by screening endoscopy","volume":"41","author":"Scher\u00fcbl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.165803","article-title":"68Ga-DOTATATE compared with 111In-DTPA-octreotide and conventional imaging for pulmonary and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Deppen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.156539","article-title":"64Cu-DOTATATE PET for neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective head-to-head comparison with 111In-DTPA-octreotide in 112 patients","volume":"56","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-019-0684-7","article-title":"Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (Carcinoids)","volume":"21","author":"Gluckman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90266-F","article-title":"Three subtypes of gastric argyrophil carcinoid and the gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"104","author":"Rindi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-4014-0","article-title":"Solitary gastric carcinoid tumor associated with long-term use of omeprazole: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Nandy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1054426","article-title":"Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms and proton pump inhibitors: fact or coincidence?","volume":"50","author":"Cavalcoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4019-2","article-title":"Natural history of MEN1 GEP-NET: single-center experience after a long follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Giudici","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2017.181","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"50","author":"Chin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v7.i4.346","article-title":"Endoscopic diagnosis and management of type I neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"7","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6817","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i30.6817","article-title":"Management of gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"22","author":"Sato","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13324","article-title":"Systematic review: the effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor use on serum gastrin levels and gastric histology","volume":"42","author":"Lundell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2017.01.004","article-title":"Mass-forming lesions of the duodenum: a pictorial review","volume":"98","author":"Barat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2365-4","article-title":"Clinical outcomes for neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum and ampulla of Vater: a population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Randle","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000444803","article-title":"Four neuroendocrine tumor types and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the duodenum: analysis of 203 cases","volume":"104","author":"Vanoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2020.04.002","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"13","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.05.009","article-title":"Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: classification, functional syndromes, diagnosis and medical treatment","volume":"19","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197908093010601","article-title":"Somatostatinoma syndrome. Biochemical, morphologic and clinical features","volume":"301","author":"Krejs","year":"1979","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib43","first-page":"349","article-title":"Endocrinocarcinomas (carcinoids and their variants) of the duodenum. An evaluation of 927 cases","volume":"22","author":"Soga","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Clin Cancer Res CR"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2020.296","article-title":"The role of endoscopy in small bowel neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"54","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2015.1092383","article-title":"Genetics of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: implications for the clinic","volume":"9","author":"Pea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.07.023","article-title":"EUS-guided tattooing before laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection (with video)","volume":"72","author":"Lennon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1159\/000499172","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: the role of endoscopic ultrasound biopsy in diagnosis and grading based on the WHO 2017 classification","volume":"37","author":"Di Leo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig Dis Basel Switz"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001454","article-title":"The North American neuroendocrine tumor society consensus paper on the surgical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"49","author":"Howe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.08.030","article-title":"EUS is still superior to multidetector computerized tomography for detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"73","author":"Khashab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2014.12.031","article-title":"Incremental benefit of preoperative EUS for the detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"James","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6676-2","article-title":"The distal predilection of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"25","author":"Keck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib52","first-page":"6620036","article-title":"Asymptomatic Ileal Neuroendocrine \u201cCarcinoid\u201d Tumor Incidentally Diagnosed on Colorectal Cancer Screening Colonoscopy: does Routine TI Intubation Matter?","volume":"2021","author":"Zakaria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastrointest Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197908)44:2<758::AID-CNCR2820440250>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Mesenteric occlusive lesion and ileal carcinoids","volume":"44","author":"Warner","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800570209","article-title":"Gangrene of the small intestine--a complication of argentaffin carcinoma","volume":"57","author":"Anthony","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.166017","article-title":"The Impact of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET\/CT imaging on management of patients with neuroendocrine tumors: experience from a national referral center in the United Kingdom","volume":"57","author":"Skoura","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2010.10","article-title":"Identification of unknown primary tumors in patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-995783","article-title":"Small-bowel neoplasms in patients undergoing video capsule endoscopy: a multicenter European study","volume":"40","author":"Rondonotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21975","article-title":"Increased diagnostic yield of small bowel tumors with capsule endoscopy","volume":"107","author":"Cobrin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00749.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and outcome of small bowel tumors found by capsule endoscopy: a three-center Australian experience","volume":"101","author":"Bailey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.262.wce","article-title":"The role of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) in the detection of occult primary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"26","author":"Furnari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Liver Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.07.004","article-title":"Capsule endoscopy to detect primary tumour site in metastatic neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"46","author":"Frilling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0456-y","article-title":"Detection of neuroendocrine tumors of the small bowel by double balloon enteroscopy","volume":"54","author":"Bellutti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24825","article-title":"The role of pre-operative imaging and double balloon enteroscopy in the surgical management of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: Is it necessary?","volume":"117","author":"Manguso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24390","article-title":"Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: a critical analysis of diagnostic work-up and operative approach","volume":"114","author":"Ethun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26581-5","article-title":"Independent somatic evolution underlies clustered neuroendocrine tumors in the human small intestine","volume":"12","author":"Elias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481808400525","article-title":"Colon and rectal neuroendocrine tumors: are they really one disease? A single-institution experience over 15 years","volume":"84","author":"Broecker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000443166","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines update for colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"103","author":"Ramage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-200306000-00004","article-title":"Malignant carcinoids in the USA, SEER 1992-1999. An epidemiological study with 6830 cases","volume":"12","author":"Crocetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198712313172704","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis","volume":"317","author":"Moertel","year":"1987","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2017.134","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of rectal neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"50","author":"Chablaney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1256414","article-title":"Criteria for decision making after endoscopic resection of well-differentiated rectal carcinoids with regard to potential lymphatic spread","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0791-x","article-title":"Endoscopic submucosal dissection and preoperative assessment with endoscopic ultrasonography for the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumors","volume":"24","author":"Ishii","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0765-y","article-title":"Indications of endoscopic polypectomy for rectal carcinoid tumors and clinical usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography","volume":"48","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000335629","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms from the jejuno-ileum and the appendix including goblet cell carcinomas","volume":"95","author":"Pape","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8838","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-10293-7","article-title":"Gastric neuroendocrine tumors: reappraisal of type in predicting outcome","volume":"28","author":"Hanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000443168","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines update for gastroduodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"103","author":"Delle Fave","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000335595","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with gastroduodenal neoplasms","volume":"95","author":"Delle Fave","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253860","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/253860","article-title":"The efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection of type I gastric carcinoid tumors compared with conventional endoscopic mucosal resection","volume":"2014","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1392882","article-title":"Endoscopic submucosal dissection: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"47","author":"Pimentel-Nunes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2015.07.155","article-title":"Intermittent treatment of recurrent type-1 gastric carcinoids with somatostatin analogues in patients with chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis","volume":"47","author":"Massironi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2010.539255","article-title":"Five-year follow-up of patients treated for 1 year with octreotide long-acting release for enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids","volume":"46","author":"Jianu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13146","article-title":"Netazepide, a gastrin\/cholecystokinin-2 receptor antagonist, can eradicate gastric neuroendocrine tumours in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis","volume":"83","author":"Boyce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.08.040","article-title":"Laparoscopic antrectomy: a safe and definitive treatment in managing type 1 gastric carcinoids","volume":"211","author":"Jenny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008243430805","article-title":"Treatment of type II gastric carcinoid tumors with somatostatin analogues","volume":"343","author":"Tomassetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1159\/000511613","article-title":"A\u00a0\u201cwatch and wait\u201d strategy involving regular endoscopic surveillance is safe for many patients with small, sporadic, grade 1, non-ampullary, non-functioning duodenal neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"111","author":"Exarchou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001197","article-title":"Endoscopic resection of duodenal carcinoid tumors: a single center comparison between simple polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection","volume":"48","author":"Mahmud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12390","article-title":"Endoscopic resection for duodenal carcinoid tumors: a multicenter, retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16154","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016154","article-title":"Comparisons of therapeutic outcomes in patients with nonampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NADNETs): a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15885","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015885","article-title":"Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective, single-center study","volume":"98","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000459619","article-title":"The risk factors for metastasis in non-ampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors measuring 20\u00a0mm or less in diameter","volume":"95","author":"Hatta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000124290.05524.5e","article-title":"Does the use of routine duodenotomy (DUODX) affect rate of cure, development of liver metastases, or survival in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?","volume":"239","author":"Norton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00043-1","article-title":"Challenges and controversies in management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours in patients with MEN1","volume":"3","author":"Yates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000335591","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Digestive Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Functional Pancreatic Endocrine Tumor Syndromes","volume":"95","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1159\/000335587","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system: well-differentiated pancreatic non-functioning tumors","volume":"95","author":"Falconi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10312","article-title":"Systematic review of active surveillance versus surgical management of asymptomatic small non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"104","author":"Partelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-014-2615-0","article-title":"Surgical resection provides an overall survival benefit for patients with small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"19","author":"Sharpe","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25716","article-title":"Impact of tumor size and nodal status on recurrence of nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors \u22642\u00a0cm after curative resection: a multi-institutional study of 392 cases","volume":"120","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000443171","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines update for the management of patients with functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"103","author":"Falconi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000850","article-title":"The North American neuroendocrine tumor society consensus guidelines for surveillance and medical management of midgut neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"46","author":"Strosberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000335594","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"95","author":"Caplin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-020-04525-6","article-title":"Outcomes for a large cohort of patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumors: an analysis of the national cancer database","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15978","article-title":"Nodal metastases in small rectal neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"23","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.143.5.471","article-title":"Rectal carcinoid tumors: review of results after endoscopic and surgical therapy","volume":"143","author":"Kwaan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.048","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal carcinoids","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001888","article-title":"Size criteria is not sufficient in selecting patients for local excision versus radical excision for rectal neuroendocrine tumors\u00a0>2\u00a0cm: a national cancer database analysis","volume":"64","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359211018047","article-title":"Novel therapeutics for patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2019.08.011","article-title":"Treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"12","author":"Perez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198609113151102","article-title":"Treatment of the malignant carcinoid syndrome. Evaluation of a long-acting somatostatin analogue","volume":"315","author":"Kvols","year":"1986","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510","article-title":"Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group","volume":"27","author":"Rinke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1316158","article-title":"Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"371","author":"Caplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.09.006","article-title":"Resection of primary tumor may prolong survival in metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"165","author":"Tierney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-1154-5","article-title":"Surgical management of hepatic neuroendocrine tumor metastasis: results from an international multi-institutional analysis","volume":"17","author":"Mayo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4856-2","article-title":"Intra-arterial therapy of neuroendocrine tumour liver metastases: comparing conventional TACE, drug-eluting beads TACE and yttrium-90 radioembolisation as treatment options using a propensity score analysis model","volume":"27","author":"Do Minh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2782-5","article-title":"Randomized embolization trial for neuroendocrine tumor metastases to the liver (RETNET): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2020.05.019","article-title":"Chronic hepatotoxicity in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor: transarterial chemoembolization versus transarterial radioembolization","volume":"31","author":"Currie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001115","article-title":"Safety and feasibility of integrating yttrium-90 radioembolization with capecitabine-temozolomide for grade 2 liver-dominant metastatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"47","author":"Soulen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607427","article-title":"Phase 3 trial of 177Lu-dotatate for midgut neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"376","author":"Strosberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e212274","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.2274","article-title":"Laboratory, clinical, and survival outcomes associated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"4","author":"Kipnis","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0947","article-title":"The role of adding somatostatin analogues to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy as a combination and maintenance therapy","volume":"24","author":"Yordanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e457","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001816","article-title":"Concomitant 177Lu-DOTATATE and capecitabine therapy in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors: a long-term-outcome, toxicity, survival, and quality-of-life study","volume":"42","author":"Ballal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0743","article-title":"Abnormal pretreatment liver function tests are associated with discontinuation of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in a U.S.-based neuroendocrine tumor cohort","volume":"25","author":"Heckert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000919","article-title":"Efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in a united states-based cohort of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor patients: single-institution retrospective analysis","volume":"46","author":"Katona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009290","article-title":"Everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"364","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10022","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00817-X","article-title":"Everolimus for the treatment of advanced, non-functional neuroendocrine tumours of the lung or gastrointestinal tract (RADIANT-4): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"387","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003825","article-title":"Sunitinib malate for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"364","author":"Raymond","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2017.10.08","article-title":"Management of functional neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas","volume":"7","author":"Oberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001384","article-title":"Management of diarrhea in patients with carcinoid syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Naraev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.2780","article-title":"Telotristat Ethyl, a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Carcinoid Syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Kulke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-14-0173","article-title":"Telotristat etiprate, a novel serotonin synthesis inhibitor, in patients with carcinoid syndrome and diarrhea not adequately controlled by octreotide","volume":"21","author":"Kulke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9713","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S276519","article-title":"Survival and clinical outcomes with telotristat ethyl in patients with carcinoid syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Metz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855322000280?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855322000280?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:41:28Z","timestamp":1760179288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889855322000280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889855322000280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8553","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2022.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}