{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T15:51:34Z","timestamp":1765986694384,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T04:15:59Z","timestamp":1758946559000},"page":"859-874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management of Pediatric Intestinal Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Batul","family":"Kaj-Carbaidwala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corie M.","family":"Klepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2022.151175","article-title":"Management of pediatric intestinal failure related to short bowel syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Belza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2232","article-title":"ASPEN definitions in pediatric intestinal failure","volume":"46","author":"Modi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2212-6874","article-title":"The development of the international intestinal failure registry and an overview of its results","volume":"34","author":"Avitzur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2022.07.015","article-title":"Medical and surgical aspects of intestinal failure in the child","volume":"102","author":"Wendel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.02.070","article-title":"The impact of multi-disciplinary intestinal rehabilitation programs on the outcome of pediatric patients with intestinal failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Stanger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602650","article-title":"Pediatric intestinal failure","volume":"377","author":"Duggan","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2540","article-title":"Assessment of body composition in pediatric intestinal failure: a comparison study","volume":"47","author":"Yanchis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607103027004291","article-title":"Early developments and clinical applications of total parenteral nutrition","volume":"27","author":"Dudrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"206","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006898","article-title":"Phytosterols promote liver injury and kupffer cell activation in parenteral nutrition\u2013associated liver disease","volume":"5","author":"El Kasmi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003763","article-title":"Intestinal failure-associated liver disease and growth Pre- and post-transition to a composite lipid emulsion","volume":"76","author":"Hudson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001799","article-title":"Long-term exposure of children to a mixed lipid emulsion is less hepatotoxic than soybean-based lipid emulsion","volume":"66","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1762","article-title":"Lipid emulsion use in pediatric patients requiring long-term parenteral nutrition","volume":"44","author":"Goulet","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.111029","article-title":"Intravenous lipid emulsions and liver function in adult chronic intestinal failure patients: results after 5 y of home parenteral nutrition","volume":"82","author":"Klek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1311","article-title":"Essential fatty acid status in surgical infants receiving parenteral nutrition with a composite lipid emulsion: a case series","volume":"43","author":"Carey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.048","article-title":"Persistence of hepatic fibrosis in pediatric intestinal failure patients treated with intravenous fish oil lipid emulsion","volume":"52","author":"Belza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10496","article-title":"ASPEN lipid injectable emulsion safety recommendations, part 1: background and adult considerations","volume":"35","author":"Mirtallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2022.02.016","article-title":"Nutritional management of short bowel syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Premkumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010062","article-title":"Nutritional management of intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome in children","volume":"15","author":"Puoti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607108316197","article-title":"Colostrum supplementation restores insulin-like growth factor -1 levels and alters muscle morphology following massive small bowel resection","volume":"32","author":"Pereira-Fantini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"n\/a","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib20","article-title":"Parenteral nutrition dependence and growth in pediatric patients with intestinal failure following transition to blenderized tube feedings: a case series","volume":"n\/a","author":"DePaula","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.114481","article-title":"Nutritional and other postoperative management of neonates with short bowel syndrome correlates with clinical outcomes","volume":"139","author":"Andorsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib22","first-page":"123","article-title":"Reducing parenteral requirement in children with short bowel syndrome: impact of an amino acid-based complete infant formula","volume":"26","author":"Bines","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02872.x","article-title":"Influence of diet complexity on intestinal adaptation following massive small bowel resection in a preclinical model","volume":"17","author":"Bines","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607184008006685","article-title":"Effect of high percentage medium-chain triglyceride diet on mucosal adaptation following massive bowel resection in rats","volume":"8","author":"Vanderhoof","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003850","article-title":"Nutrition and intestinal rehabilitation of children with short bowel syndrome: a position paper of the ESPGHAN Committee on nutrition. Part 2: long-term Follow-Up on home parenteral nutrition","volume":"77","author":"Norsa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.018","article-title":"The prevalence of feeding difficulties and potential risk factors in pediatric intestinal failure: time to consider promoting oral feeds?","volume":"40","author":"Boctor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2024.01.008","article-title":"Strategies to promote success in oral feedings in infants and children with intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Hopkins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2023.12.003","article-title":"Pediatric intestinal failure associated eating disorder","volume":"53","author":"Boctor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.08.003","article-title":"Central venous catheter repair is not associated with an increased risk of central line infection or colonization in intestinal failure pediatric patients","volume":"51","author":"McNiven","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.06.006","article-title":"Central venous catheter repair is highly successful in children with intestinal failure","volume":"54","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003946","article-title":"Causes and outcome of central venous catheter repair in children with intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition","volume":"77","author":"Zaidi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.09.034","article-title":"High rate of venous thromboembolism in severe pediatric intestinal failure","volume":"253","author":"Keefe","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9684","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60220-8","article-title":"Management of occlusion and thrombosis associated with long-term indwelling central venous catheters","volume":"374","author":"Baskin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.01.017","article-title":"Central venous catheter-related thrombosis in children and adults","volume":"187","author":"Citla Sridhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2055","article-title":"Secondary anticoagulation prophylaxis for catheter-related thrombosis in pediatric intestinal failure: Comparison of Short- Vs long-term treatment protocols","volume":"45","author":"Schmidt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000812","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in patients with intestinal failure presenting to a pediatric emergency department with fever and a central line","volume":"33","author":"Szydlowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12175","article-title":"Catheter salvage from central line-related bloodstream infections in pediatric intestinal failure","volume":"78","author":"Larson-Nath","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003658","article-title":"Systematic review of antimicrobial lock solutions for prevention of bacteremia in pediatric patients with intestinal failure","volume":"76","author":"Gibson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1989","article-title":"Reduction of central line\u2013associated bloodstream infections and line occlusions in pediatric intestinal failure patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition using an alternative locking solution, 4% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid","volume":"45","author":"Quirt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003434","article-title":"Mechanical complications in central lines using taurolidine versus ethanol lock therapy in children with intestinal failure","volume":"74","author":"Strauss","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2509","article-title":"Ethanol lock therapy increases mechanical catheter complications in a pediatric intestinal failure population: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Fligor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2128","article-title":"Anticipated impact of recent ethanol lock shortage and price increase on practice among pediatric intestinal rehabilitation programs across the United States","volume":"46","author":"Talathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003506","article-title":"Sodium bicarbonate locks may be a safe and effective alternative in pediatric intestinal failure","volume":"75","author":"Josyabhatla","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002090","article-title":"Growth, body composition, and micronutrient abnormalities during and after weaning off home parenteral nutrition","volume":"67","author":"Neelis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10685","article-title":"Vitamin D status in children with intestinal failure who have achieved enteral autonomy","volume":"36","author":"Lepus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2412","article-title":"Analysis of transition from intravenous iron sucrose to ferric carboxymaltose infusions in pediatric patients with intestinal failure","volume":"46","author":"Kaenkumchorn","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31829c10eb","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density in pediatric and young adult intestinal failure","volume":"57","author":"Ubesie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12123","article-title":"Monitoring of long-term parenteral nutrition in children with intestinal failure","volume":"3","author":"Zemrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib49","first-page":"112","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a comprehensive review","volume":"3","author":"Dukowicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1113996","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"368","author":"Stabler","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.09.024","article-title":"Is serum methylmalonic acid a reliable biomarker of vitamin B12 status in children with short bowel syndrome: a case series","volume":"192","author":"Jimenez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050995","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease in children with intestinal failure and long-term parenteral nutrition: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Gatti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0007","article-title":"Association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of fracture in children","volume":"174","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173474","article-title":"Iodine and iodine deficiency: a comprehensive review of a Re-Emerging issue","volume":"14","author":"Hatch-McChesney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/jpr3.12117","article-title":"Long lasting effect of intramuscular iodine injection in the treatment of goiter in an intestinal failure patient with complete entero-colectomy","volume":"5","author":"Belaid","year":"2024","journal-title":"JPGN Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3046","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and iodine deficiency in children on chronic parenteral nutrition","volume":"141","author":"Ikomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1152","article-title":"Children with intestinal failure undergoing intestinal rehabilitation are at risk for essential fatty acid deficiency","volume":"42","author":"Gunnar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00265854","article-title":"Necrotising colitis with perforation in diarrhoic patients treated with loperamide","volume":"40","author":"Olm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607104028004265","article-title":"Use of clonidine to decrease intestinal fluid losses in patients with high-output short-bowel syndrome","volume":"28","author":"McDoniel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607106030006487","article-title":"Clonidine reduces diarrhea and sodium loss in patients with proximal jejunostomy: a controlled study","volume":"30","author":"Buchman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000055892","article-title":"Indication for pancreatic enzyme substitution following small intestinal resection (short bowel syndrome)","volume":"1","author":"Layer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.11119","article-title":"Fat malabsorption in short bowel syndrome: a review of pathophysiology and management","volume":"39","author":"Hirsch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282248","article-title":"Fat digestion using RELiZORB in children with short bowel syndrome who are dependent on parenteral nutrition: protocol for a 90-day, phase 3, open labeled study","volume":"18","author":"Tsikis","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50139","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation","volume":"124","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2369","article-title":"Bacterial overgrowth assessment and treatment among pediatric intestinal rehabilitation and nutrition support providers: an international survey of clinical practice patterns","volume":"46","author":"Namjoshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143169","article-title":"Current insights regarding intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD): a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Zafirovska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31152","article-title":"New insights into intestinal failure\u2013associated liver disease in children","volume":"71","author":"Khalaf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000778","article-title":"Intestinal anastomotic ulcers in children with short bowel syndrome and anemia detected by capsule endoscopy","volume":"61","author":"Bass","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib69","article-title":"Risk factors and treatment strategies for anastomotic ulcers in pediatric intestinal failure","author":"Chugh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-023-00873-w","article-title":"Anastomotic ulcers: current understanding of the pathogenesis and management","volume":"25","author":"McKay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003058","article-title":"Glucocorticoids improve enteral feeding tolerance in pediatric short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal inflammation","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003811","article-title":"Chronic mucosal inflammation in pediatric intestinal failure patients\u2014A unique phenomenon","volume":"77","author":"Moran-Lev","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003718","article-title":"Factors associated with chronic intestinal inflammation resembling inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric intestinal failure: a matched case-control study","volume":"76","author":"Culbreath","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.12.018","article-title":"Report of 111 consecutive patients enrolled in the international serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) data registry: a retrospective observational study","volume":"216","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(80)80005-4","article-title":"Intestinal loop lengthening\u2014A technique for increasing small intestinal length","volume":"15","author":"Bianchi","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1S","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114529446","article-title":"Surgical management of short bowel syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Iyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2003.50073","article-title":"Serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP): a novel bowel lengthening procedure","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2024.161909","article-title":"Serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) for short bowel syndrome (SBS) in children: a multicenter study on long-term outcomes","volume":"60","author":"Dagorno","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.05.032","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on management of short bowel syndrome: expert review","volume":"20","author":"Iyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.07.043","article-title":"Generation of porcine ileum through spring-mediated mechanical distraction","volume":"280","author":"Rafeeqi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology31030029","article-title":"Distraction enterogenesis in rats: a novel approach for the treatment of short bowel syndrome","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Quin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2023.12.006","article-title":"Bioengineering of intestinal grafts","volume":"53","author":"Herath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12274","article-title":"Evaluation of pediatric patients for intestinal transplantation in the modern era","volume":"79","author":"Bryan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.01.023","article-title":"OPTN\/SRTR 2023 annual data report: intestine","volume":"25","author":"Horslen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.869399","article-title":"Innovations in immunosuppression for intestinal transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Dogra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003922","article-title":"Effects of teduglutide on diarrhea in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure","volume":"77","author":"Fifi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/jpn3.12276","article-title":"Long-term teduglutide associated with improved response in pediatric short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure","volume":"79","author":"Wales","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1690","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of teduglutide in pediatric patients with intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome: a 24-Week, phase III study","volume":"44","author":"Kocoshis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.06.019","article-title":"Transition from pediatric to adult care in patients with chronic intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition: how to do it right?","volume":"43","author":"Demirok","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2499","article-title":"Optimizing transition from pediatric to adult care in short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure","volume":"47","author":"Kinberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003102","article-title":"Generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life in pediatric intestinal failure","volume":"73","author":"McCaig","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.09.039","article-title":"A beautiful struggle: parent-perceived impact of short bowel syndrome on child and family wellbeing","volume":"57","author":"Neumann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.049","article-title":"The extent of intestinal failure-associated liver disease in patients referred for intestinal rehabilitation is associated with increased mortality: an analysis of the pediatric intestinal failure consortium database","volume":"53","author":"Javid","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855325000512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889855325000512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T15:47:21Z","timestamp":1765986441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889855325000512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889855325000512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8553"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0889-8553"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Management of Pediatric Intestinal Failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Gastroenterology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2025.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}