{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:07:16Z","timestamp":1790633236607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA15NOS4780205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA15NOS4780205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA16NOS0120021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA16NOS0120021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T03:31:45Z","timestamp":1617247905000},"page":"101981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6862-3990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne M.","family":"Gibble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael M.","family":"Kudela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bodenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1036-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathi A.","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2307\/1369852","article-title":"Temporal and spatial patterns in the diet of the common murre in California waters","volume":"98","author":"Ainley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0002","first-page":"217","article-title":"The detection and distribution of the marine neurotoxin domoic acid on the Pacific coast of the United States","volume":"14","author":"Altwein","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Shellfish Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0003","first-page":"526","article-title":"Food habits and niche overlap of seabirds wintering on Monterey Bay, California","volume":"94","author":"Baltz","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Auk."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0004","series-title":"The Birds of North America","article-title":"Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) No. 513","author":"Barr","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0005","series-title":"Harmful Algal Blooms","first-page":"135","article-title":"Harmful Algal Blooms and Shellfish","author":"Basti","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL063306","article-title":"Causes and impacts of the 2014 warm anomaly in the NE Pacific","volume":"42","author":"Bond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2006.00045.x","article-title":"Domoic acid causes reproductive failure in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)","volume":"22","author":"Brodie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Mam Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0008","series-title":"The Birds of North America","article-title":"White-winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca) No. 274.","author":"Brown","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0009","series-title":"2007 Harmful Algal Bloom Event","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2013.04.009","article-title":"Dietary exposure to harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxins in the endangered manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Florida, USA","volume":"28","author":"Capper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0011","series-title":"Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Report. April 2017, Technical Report No. 17-15","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0012","series-title":"Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Report. May 2017, Technical Report No. 17-19","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0013","series-title":"Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Report. July 2017, Technical Report No. 17-21","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0014","series-title":"Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Report. August 2017, Technical Report No. 17-22","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0015","series-title":"Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Report. January 2018, Technical Report No. 18-10","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0016","series-title":"Marine Biotoxin Monitoring Report. February 2018, Technical Report No. 18-11","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6267","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac5675","article-title":"Algal toxin impairs sea lion memory and hippocampal connectivity, with implications for strandings","volume":"350","author":"Cook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0018","series-title":"Food Habits of North American Diving ducks. United States","first-page":"1","author":"Cottam","year":"1939"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0019","first-page":"381","article-title":"Exceptional mortality of shags and other seabirds caused by paralytic shellfish poison","volume":"61","author":"Coulson","year":"1968","journal-title":"British Birds"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(01)00178-3","article-title":"Toxicity of domoic acid in the marine mussel Mytilus edulis","volume":"55","author":"Dizer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.06.011","article-title":"An unusual bloom of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea off the central Oregon, USA, coast in autumn 2009","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414894112","article-title":"Recent shifts in the occurrence, cause, and magnitude of animal mass mortality events","volume":"112","author":"Fey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2010.12.001","article-title":"Co-occurrence of multiple classes of harmful algal toxins in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranding during an unusual mortality event in Texas, USA","volume":"10","author":"Fire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0024","series-title":"New Directions in Conservation Medicine: Applied Cases in Ecological Health","first-page":"374","article-title":"Marine biotoxins: emergence of harmful algal blooms as health threats to marine wildlife","author":"Fire","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1992.00439.x","article-title":"An outbreak of domoic acid poisoning attributed to the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis","volume":"28","author":"Fritz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0026","series-title":"Harmful Algal Blooms","first-page":"223","article-title":"Interactions between Seabirds and Harmful Algal Blooms","author":"Gibble","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-07-179","article-title":"Investigation of a largescale common murre (Uria aalge) mortality event in California in 2015","volume":"54","author":"Gibble","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12662","article-title":"Vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to changes in harmful algal bloom distribution in response to climate change: projections based on model analysis","volume":"20","author":"Glibert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0029","first-page":"73","article-title":"The effect of scoter duck predation on a clam population in Dabob Bay","volume":"55","author":"Glude","year":"1964","journal-title":"Washington. Proc. Natl. Shellfish"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4975","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1619575114","article-title":"Ocean warming since 1982 has expanded the niche of toxic algal blooms in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans","volume":"114","author":"Gobler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prod. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.101731","article-title":"Climate change and harmful algal blooms: insights and perspective","volume":"91","author":"Gobler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0032","first-page":"267","article-title":"Novel symptomatology and changing epidemiology of domoic acid toxicosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): an increasing risk to marine mammal health","volume":"275","author":"Goldstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.15.475","article-title":"Domoic acid toxicity in Californian sea lions (Zalophus californianus): clinical signs, treatment and survival","volume":"150","author":"Gulland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-32-2-79.1","article-title":"A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase","volume":"32","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0035","series-title":"Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae","first-page":"25","article-title":"Harmful algal blooms: a global overview","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2010.00815.x","article-title":"Ocean climate change, phytoplankton community responses, and harmful algal blooms: a formidable predictive challenge","volume":"46","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-445X(94)00057-W","article-title":"Effects of domoic acid on haemolymph pH, PCO2 and PO2 in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and the California mussel, Mytilus californianus","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12253","article-title":"Mass mortality of marine birds in the Northeast Pacific caused by Akashiwo sanguinea","volume":"579","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216532","article-title":"Unusual mortality of Tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) in the eastern Bering Sea","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0040","article-title":"Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds from California and Rhode Island 2015-2017","author":"Knowles","year":"2020","journal-title":"U.S. Geol. Surv. Data Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07569","article-title":"Domoic acid contamination within eight representative species from the benthic food web of Monterey Bay, California, USA","volume":"367","author":"Kvitek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2010.8.0645","article-title":"Application of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) for field detection of the hydrophilic phycotoxins domoic acid and saxitoxin in coastal California","volume":"8","author":"Lane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr. Method."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0043","series-title":"Oceans and health: Pathogens in the Marine Environment","first-page":"16S","article-title":"Marine and estuarine harmful algal blooms: impacts on human and animal health","author":"Landsberg","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-7189(199905\/06)7:3<85::AID-NT39>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Detection of domoic acid in northern anchovies and California sea lions associated with an unusual mortality event","volume":"7","author":"Lefebvre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Toxins."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2010.01.007","article-title":"Clinical signs and histopathology associated with domoic acid poisoning in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and comparison of toxin detection methods","volume":"9","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.01.007","article-title":"Prevalence of algal toxins in Alaskan marine mammals foraging in a changing arctic and subarctic environment","volume":"55","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.06.003","article-title":"Domoic acid in California sea lion fetal fluids indicates continuous exposure to a neuroteratogen poses risks to mammals","volume":"79","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2010.01.009","article-title":"Feeding mechanics as the basis for differential uptake of the neurotoxin domoic acid by oysters, Crassostrea virginica, and mussels, Mytilus edulis","volume":"97","author":"Mafra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10366","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL070023","article-title":"An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions","volume":"43","author":"McCabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00143-5","article-title":"Complex toxin profiles in phytoplankton and Greenshell mussels (Perna canaliculus), revealed by LC\u2013MS\/MS analysis","volume":"40","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.2307\/1364402","article-title":"Unusual numbers of dead birds on the Washington coast","volume":"44","author":"McKernan","year":"1942","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0052","series-title":"Diet, demography, and Diving Behavior of the Common Murre (Uria aalge) in Central California","first-page":"1","author":"Nevins","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2307\/1367071","article-title":"Paralytic shellfish poisoning: effects on breeding terns","volume":"85","author":"Nisbet","year":"1983","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.02.005","article-title":"Blurred lines: multiple freshwater and marine algal toxins at the land-sea interface of San Francisco Bay, California","volume":"73","author":"Peacock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1898\/10-32.1","article-title":"Summary of birds killed by a harmful algal bloom along the south Washington and north Oregon coasts during October 2009","volume":"92","author":"Phillips","year":"2011","journal-title":"Northwest. Nat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226087","article-title":"Extreme mortality and reproductive failure of common murres resulting from the northeast Pacific marine heatwave of 2014-2016","volume":"15","author":"Piatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053A","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00193a745","article-title":"The amnesic shellfish poisoning mystery","volume":"61","author":"Quilliam","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0502","series-title":"Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Rhode Island's October 2016 Pseudo-nitzschia Bloom","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0058","series-title":"The Birds of North America","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pacific Loon (Gavia pacifica) and Arctic Loon (Gavia arctica) No. 657","author":"Russell","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12117","article-title":"Domoic acid in milk of free living California marine mammals indicates lactational exposure occurs","volume":"30","author":"Rust","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Mam. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0060","series-title":"The Birds of North America","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) No. 363","author":"Savard","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/47481","article-title":"Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom","volume":"403","author":"Scholin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.SGESeubert","article-title":"Development, comparison, and validation using ELISAs for the determination of domoic acid in California sea lion body fluids","volume":"97","author":"Seubert","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.7589\/2013-11-296","article-title":"Fatal paralytic shellfish poisoning in Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) nestlings, Alaska, USA","volume":"50","author":"Shearn-Bochsler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0064","series-title":"The Birds of North America","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) No. 609","author":"Shields","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9883(03)00002-7","article-title":"Marine birds and harmful algal blooms: sporadic victims or under-reported events?","volume":"2","author":"Shumway","year":"2003","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0066","series-title":"The Sibley Guide to Birds","author":"Sibley","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00140-7","article-title":"Sea bird mortality at Cabo San Lucas, Mexico: evidence that toxic diatom blooms are spreading","volume":"35","author":"Sierra-Beltr\u00e1n","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0068","series-title":"Comparative Pathology and Diagnosis of Domoic Acid Toxicity","first-page":"1","author":"Silvagni","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-2-184","article-title":"Pathology of domoic acid toxicity in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)","volume":"42","author":"Silvagni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.07.007","article-title":"A decade and a half of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and domoic acid along the coast of southern California","volume":"79","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2307\/1935566","article-title":"Food-habitat relationship of sea ducks on the New Hampshire coastline","volume":"54","author":"Stott","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-56.1.69","article-title":"Domoic acid and amnesic shellfish poisoning - a review","volume":"56","author":"Todd","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1203","article-title":"Toxic marine phytoplankton, zooplankton grazers, and pelagic food webs","volume":"42","author":"Turner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0074","series-title":"Unusual Mortality Event \u2013 Beach Survey Results (Technical Report and Press Release)","first-page":"1","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.101730","article-title":"Algal toxins in Alaskan seabirds: evaluating the role of saxitoxin and domoic acid in a large-scale die-off of Common Murres","volume":"92","author":"Van Hemert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0076","first-page":"106","article-title":"Food and populations of surf scoters in British Columbia","volume":"32","author":"Vermeer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Wildfowl"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0077","first-page":"12","article-title":"Populations, biomass and food habits of ducks on the Fraser Delta intertidal area, British Columbia","volume":"28","author":"Vermeer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Wildfowl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981_bib0078","first-page":"54","article-title":"Epidemiology of domoic acid poisoning in brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and Brandt's cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in California","volume":"24","author":"Work","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Zoo. Wildl. Med."}],"container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568988321000081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568988321000081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:02:54Z","timestamp":1761598974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568988321000081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S1568988321000081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Harmful Algae","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101981","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101981"}}