{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:27:46Z","timestamp":1792268866921,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":283,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T09:38:59Z","timestamp":1615109939000},"page":"101989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":313,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Harmful algal blooms and their effects in coastal seas of Northern Europe"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7524-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bengt","family":"Karlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5490-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Arneborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Cembella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenche","family":"Eikrem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Joy","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Klemm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Kobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7784-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirpa","family":"Lehtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Lundholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6526-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Mazur-Marzec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Naustvoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnix","family":"Poelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4236-0384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Provoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"De Rijcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Suikkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.10.012","article-title":"Yessotoxins in Norwegian blue mussels (Mytilus edulis): uptake from Protoceratium reticulatum, metabolism and depuration","volume":"45","author":"Aasen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000480331","article-title":"Absorption and effect of azaspiracid-1 over the human intestinal barrier","volume":"43","author":"Abal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0003","series-title":"Economics of harmful algal blooms: literature review. Food and Resource Economics Department Project Report","author":"Adams","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2000.99193.x","article-title":"Production of mucilage by the Adriatic epipelic diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Bacillariophyceae) under nutrient limitation","volume":"36","author":"Alcoverro","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3800\/pbr.11.75","article-title":"The first recorded bloom of Protoperidinium quinquecorne and its link to a massive fish kill in Yemeni coastal waters","volume":"11","author":"Alkawri","year":"2016","journal-title":"South. Red Sea. Plankton Benthos Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.07.006","article-title":"Gonyaulax taylorii, a new yessotoxins-producer dinoflagellate species from Chilean waters","volume":"58","author":"Alvarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.05.006","article-title":"First report on azaspiracid and yessotoxin groups detection in French shellfish","volume":"52","author":"Amzil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0008","series-title":"Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis","first-page":"31","article-title":"Filtering\u2013calcofluor staining\u2013quantitative epifluorescence microscopy for phytoplankton analysis","author":"Andersen","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02916","article-title":"Ichthyotoxicity of the microalga Pseudochattonella farcimen under laboratory and field conditions in Danish waters","volume":"116","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0011","series-title":"Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society","first-page":"361","article-title":"\u2018K\u00f8kkenm\u00f8ddinger\u2019(shell middens) in Denmark: a survey","author":"Andersen","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.10.012","article-title":"The globally distributed genus Alexandrium: multifaceted roles in marine ecosystems and impacts on human health","volume":"14","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0013","series-title":"The ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms","author":"Anderson","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0015","series-title":"Estimated annual economic impacts from harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United States","first-page":"88 pp","author":"Anderson","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2989\/18142320609504186","article-title":"Evaluation of California isolates of Lingulodinium polyedrum for the production of yessotoxin","volume":"28","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Afr. J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0017","first-page":"82","article-title":"Environmental conditions during the Chattonella bloom in the North Sea and Skagerrak in May 1998","author":"Aure","year":"2001","journal-title":"Harmful Algal Blooms"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1992.10413480","article-title":"Oceanographic conditions in the Sandsfjord system, western Norway, after a bloom of the toxic prymnesiophyte Prymnesium parvum Carter in August 1990","volume":"76","author":"Aure","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0019","series-title":"The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata)","first-page":"151 pp","author":"Balech","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.06.103","article-title":"Environmental dynamics of red Noctiluca scintillans bloom in tropical coastal waters","volume":"111","author":"Baliarsingh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.04.018","article-title":"Drivers and effects of Karenia mikimotoi blooms in the western English Channel","volume":"137","author":"Barnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2000.03661.x","article-title":"Domoic-acid-producing diatoms: another genus added!","volume":"36","author":"Bates","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.06.001","article-title":"Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: new research since 2011","volume":"79","author":"Bates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428651","article-title":"Phaeocystis pouchetii blooms in the East Frisian coastal waters (German Bight, North Sea)","volume":"93","author":"B\u00e4tje","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-7963(94)90013-2","article-title":"The taxonomic identity of the cosmopolitan prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis: a morphological and ecophysiological approach","volume":"5","author":"Baumann","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315415001733","article-title":"Marine harmful algal blooms, human health and wellbeing: challenges and opportunities in the 21st century","volume":"96","author":"Berdalet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. United Kingdom"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10110453","article-title":"Accumulation of Dinophysis Toxins in Bivalve Molluscs","volume":"10","author":"Blanco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(01)00274-0","article-title":"Depuration and anatomical distribution of the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin domoic acid in the king scallop Pecten maximus","volume":"60","author":"Blanco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aquatic. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2017.03.004","article-title":"A search for mixotrophy and mucus trap production in Alexandrium spp. and the dynamics of mucus trap formation in Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax","volume":"64","author":"Blossom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2010.05.003","article-title":"Nuisance foam events and Phaeocystis globosa blooms in Dutch coastal waters analyzed with fuzzy logic","volume":"83","author":"Blauw","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst., GEOHAB Modeling"},{"issue":"5630","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/269687a0","article-title":"Unusual diatom off the coast of south-west England and its effect on fishing","volume":"269","author":"Boalch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2006.05.005","article-title":"The influence of size on domoic acid concentration in king scallop, Pecten maximus (L.)","volume":"6","author":"Bogan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0030","first-page":"91","article-title":"Brown water on the norwegian coast in autumn 1966","volume":"17","author":"Braarud","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nytt Mag. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2017.02.004","article-title":"Combined physical, chemical and biological factors shape Alexandrium ostenfeldii blooms in the Netherlands","volume":"63","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0032","first-page":"41","article-title":"Agnskjell [Mollusks as bait]","volume":"170","author":"Bratrein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Univ. Tromsfl, Tromsfl Mus. Ottar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0033","unstructured":"Bresnan, E., Ar\u00e9valo, F., Belin, C., Branco, M.A.C., Cembella, A.D., Clarke, D., Correa, J., Davidson, K., Dhanji-Rapkova, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Lozano, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Tejedor, M., Gu\u00f0finnsson, H., Ja\u00e9n-Carbonell, D.J., Laza-Martinez, A., Lemoine, M., Lewis, A.M., Mam\u00e1n-Men\u00e9ndez, L.M., Maskrey, B.H., McKinney, A., Pazos, Y., Revilla, M., Siano, R., Silva, A., Swan, S., Turner, A.D., Schweibold, L., Provoost, P., Enevoldsen, H., accepted for publication. Harmful algae - diversity and regional distribution of harmful algal events along the Atlantic margin of Europe. Harmful Algae."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2006.00045.x","article-title":"Domoic acid causes reproductive failure in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)","volume":"22","author":"Brodie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Mamm. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.10257","article-title":"Unbalanced reduction of nutrient loads has created an offshore gradient from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation in the North Sea","volume":"61","author":"Burson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0036","series-title":"Unders\u00f8kelser av bl\u00e5skjell (Mytilus edulis L.) i Oslofjorden","first-page":"19","author":"B\u00f8hle","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.05.005","article-title":"Sedimentation of Nodularia spumigena and distribution of nodularin in the food web during transport of a cyanobacterial bloom from the Baltic Sea to the Kattegat","volume":"86","author":"Carlsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/00364820410002550","article-title":"Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning toxins in Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758 (Brachyura, Cancridae) in Norwegian waters","volume":"89","author":"Castberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/md16040116","article-title":"Specific chemical and genetic markers revealed a thousands-year presence of toxic Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea","volume":"16","author":"Ceg\u0142owska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00003466","article-title":"Occurrence of okadaic acid, a major diarrheic shellfish toxin, in natural populations of Dinophysis spp. from the eastern coast of North America","volume":"1","author":"Cembella","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0041","series-title":"Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference","first-page":"12 p","article-title":"Chapter 16 Harmful algal species fact sheets: Alexandrium","author":"Cembella","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse3020401","article-title":"Cytotoxic Effects of Vicicitus globosus (Class Dictyochophyceae) and Chattonella marina (Class Raphidophyceae) on Rotifers and Other Microalgae","volume":"3","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2216\/10-104.1","article-title":"Chattonella globosa is a member of Dictyochophyceae: reassignment to Vicicitus gen. nov., based on molecular phylogeny, pigment composition, morphology and life history","volume":"51","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/pre.12181","article-title":"Taxonomic revision of Dictyochales (D ictyochophyceae) based on morphological, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular data","volume":"65","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phycol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12338","article-title":"Main issues and challenges for sustainable development of salmon farming in Chile: a socio-economic perspective","volume":"11","author":"Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00130-4","article-title":"Yessotoxin in mussels of the northern Adriatic Sea","volume":"35","author":"Ciminiello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0047","series-title":"A treatise on the phytoplankton of the Atlantic and its tributaries and on the periodical changes of the plankton of the Skagerrak","first-page":"27 pp","author":"Cleve","year":"1897"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0048","first-page":"53","article-title":"The plankton of the North Sea, the English Channel and the Skagerak in 1899","author":"Cleve","year":"1900","journal-title":"PA Norstedt & s\u00f6ner"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2005.02.004","article-title":"The dynamics of Chrysochromulina species in the Skagerrak in relation to environmental conditions","volume":"54","author":"Dahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0050","series-title":"Mass occurrence of Gyrodinium aureolum Hulburt and fish mortality along the southern coast of Norway in September-October 1981","first-page":"1","author":"Dahl","year":"1982"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-40-3-223.1","article-title":"Relationship between occurrence of Dinophysis species (Dinophyceae) and shellfish toxicity","volume":"40","author":"Dahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0052","series-title":"Novel phytoplankton blooms","first-page":"383","article-title":"The Chrysochromulina polylepis bloom in Scandinavian waters during spring 1988","author":"Dahl","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0053","series-title":"Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis","first-page":"37","article-title":"Filtering\u2013semitransparent filters for for quantitative phytoplankton analysis","author":"Dahl","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0054","series-title":"Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea","first-page":"15","article-title":"25 years experience with Gyrodinium aureolum in Norwegian Waters","author":"Dahl","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0055","series-title":"Toxic Dinoflagellates","first-page":"495","article-title":"Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in Norway in the autumn 1984 related to the occurrence of Dinophysis spp","author":"Dahl","year":"1985"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2008.07.007","article-title":"A large and prolonged bloom of Karenia mikimotoi in Scottish waters in 2006","volume":"8","author":"Davidson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0056a","unstructured":"Davidson, K., Jardine, S.L., Martino, S., Myre, G.B., Peck, L.E., Raymond, R.N. and West, J.J. (2020). The Economic Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms on Salmon Cage Aquaculture. pp. 8696 in: Trainer, V.L. (Ed.) 2020. GlobalHAB. Evaluating, Reducing and Mitigating the Cost of Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium of Case Studies. PICES Sci. Rep. No. 59."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-45.1.109","article-title":"Association of an unusual marine mammal mortality event with Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms along the southern California coastline","volume":"45","author":"De La Riva","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/md15100303","article-title":"Guanidinium toxins and their interactions with voltage-gated sodium ion channels","volume":"15","author":"Dur\u00e1n-Riveroll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00148","article-title":"A review on the biodiversity and biogeography of toxigenic benthic marine dinoflagellates of the coasts of Latin America","volume":"6","author":"Dur\u00e1n-Riveroll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.08.002","article-title":"The ichthyotoxic genus Pseudochattonella (Dictyochophyceae): Distribution, toxicity, enumeration, ecological impact, succession and life history\u2013A review","volume":"58","author":"Eckford-Soper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0061","first-page":"172","article-title":"Okadaic acid in blue mussels in Sweden diminishes with the distance from the open sea","volume":"101","author":"Edebo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Revue Int. dOceanogr. Med."},{"issue":"1Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2520\/myco1975.1988.1Supplement_27","article-title":"Presence of diarrheic shellfish toxins in cultivated mussels in Sweden","volume":"1988","author":"Edebo","year":"1988","journal-title":"JSM Mycotoxins"},{"issue":"7-12","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1988.tb00978.x","article-title":"Seasonal, geographic and individual variation of okadaic acid content in cultivated mussels in Sweden","volume":"96","author":"Edebo","year":"1988","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0064","series-title":"Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis","first-page":"13","article-title":"The Uterm\u00f6hl method for quantitative phytoplankton analysis","author":"Edler","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2007.00390.x","article-title":"Verrucophora farcimen gen. et sp. nov. (Dictyochophyceae, Heterokonta)\u2014a bloom-forming ichthyotoxic flagellate from the Skagerrak, Norway 1","volume":"43","author":"Edvardsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0066","unstructured":"Edvardsen, B., Paasche, E., 1998. Bloom dynamics and physiology of Prymnesium and Chrysochromulina. In Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D., Hallegraeff, G.M. (Eds.), Physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms, NATO Advanced Study Institute. Series G, Ecological Sciences, Springer, Berlin, 41, 193\u2013208."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315401003654","article-title":"Case history and persistence of the non-indigenous diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii in the north-east Atlantic","volume":"81","author":"Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. United Kingdom"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2009.1181","article-title":"Marine biotoxins in shellfish \u2013 Domoic acid","volume":"7","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0069","first-page":"1306","article-title":"Marine biotoxins in shellfish\u2013Summary on regulated marine biotoxins","volume":"7","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA Journal."},{"issue":"1306","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on Marine Biotoxins in Shellfish \u2013 Summary on regulated marine biotoxins","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0071","first-page":"41","article-title":"Paralytic and diarrhoeic shellfish poisons: occurrence in Europe, toxicity, analysis and regulation","volume":"2","author":"Egmond","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nat. Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1835.2009.00535.x","article-title":"Renaming Verrucophora farcimen Eikrem, Edvardsen et Throndsenpre_535 170","volume":"57","author":"Eikrem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phycol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-37-4-292.1","article-title":"Morphology of Chrysochromulina leadbeateri (Prymnesiophyceae) from northern Norway","volume":"37","author":"Eikrem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0074","series-title":"Physiological ecology of harmful algal blooms","first-page":"315","article-title":"Apects of Noctiluca (Dinophyceae) population dynamics","author":"Elbr\u00e4chter","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0075","first-page":"62","year":"2002","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0076","first-page":"1","article-title":"Commission regulation No. 786\/2013 of 16 August 2013 emending Annex III to Regulation (EC) No. 853\/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the permitted limits of yessotoxins in live bivalve molluscs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Union"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2005.03092.x","article-title":"Environmental factors controlling Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae) growth rate during a red tide event in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Canada) 1","volume":"41","author":"Fauchot","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.02.009","article-title":"Subacute immunotoxicity of the marine phycotoxin yessotoxin in rats","volume":"129","author":"Ferreiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447-30.4.172","article-title":"The history of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea","volume":"30","author":"Finni","year":"2001","journal-title":"AMBIO: A J. Hum. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0081","first-page":"179","article-title":"Swiss mice CD1 fed on mussels contaminated by okadaic acid and yessotoxins: effects on Thymus and Spleen","volume":"49","author":"Franchini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Histochem.: EJH"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10152-004-0197-z","article-title":"Ecological long-term research at Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea): retrospect and prospect\u2014an introduction","volume":"58","author":"Franke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Helgol. Mar. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-011-9666-3","article-title":"Effect of temperature on cell growth and production of transparent exopolymer particles by the diatom Coscinodiscus granii isolated from marine mucilage","volume":"24","author":"Fukao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-009-0122-0","article-title":"Marine mucilage in Ariake Sound, Japan, is composed of transparent exopolymer particles produced by the diatom Coscinodiscus granii","volume":"75","author":"Fukao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0085","series-title":"Investigations of the production of plankton in the Oslo Fjord","author":"Gaarder","year":"1927"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400036596","article-title":"Exotoxin production by Gyrodinium cf. aureolum (Dinophyceae)","volume":"70","author":"Gentien","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3354\/meps207201","article-title":"A long-term perspective on the Chrysochromulina bloom on the Norwegian Skagerrak coast 1988: a catastrophe or an innocent incident?","volume":"207","author":"Gjosaeter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser."},{"issue":"1632","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1221","article-title":"Novel symptomatology and changing epidemiology of domoic acid toxicosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): an increasing risk to marine mammal health","volume":"275","author":"Goldstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceed. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3354\/ame01523","article-title":"Considerations on the toxigenic nature and prey sources of Phalacroma rotundatum","volume":"64","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquat. Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0090","volume":"2","author":"Gran","year":"1902"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0092","series-title":"Novel phytoplankton blooms","first-page":"407","article-title":"From anoxia to fish poisoning: the last ten years of phytoplankton blooms in Swedish marine waters","author":"Gran\u00e9li","year":"1989"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-019-04908-9","article-title":"Summer hydrographic changes in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak projected in an ensemble of climate scenarios downscaled with a coupled regional ocean\u2013sea ice\u2013atmosphere model","volume":"53","author":"Gr\u00f6ger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0094","series-title":"AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication","author":"Guiry","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2006.07.004","article-title":"Causes of variability in diatom and Phaeocystis blooms in Belgian coastal waters between 1989 and 2003: A model study","volume":"57","author":"Gypens","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0095","series-title":"Musselodling i Europa samt f\u00f6rslag till ny teknik f\u00f6r kommande svensk odling","author":"Haamer","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0096","first-page":"1","article-title":"The mussel industry of Sweden","volume":"129","author":"Haamer","year":"1997","journal-title":"NOAA (Natl. Ocean Atmos. Adm.) Tech. Rep. NMFS (Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0097","first-page":"1","article-title":"Harmful algal blooms: a global overview","volume":"33","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Manual Harmful Marine Microalgae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0098","series-title":"UNESCO Manual on harmful marine microalgae","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1835.2006.00442.x","article-title":"Ultrastructure and large subunit rDNA sequences of Lepidodinium viride reveal a close relationship to Lepidodinium chlorophorum comb. nov.(= Gymnodinium chlorophorum)","volume":"55","author":"Hansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phycol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.05.004","article-title":"Toxin production and temperature-induced morphological variation of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata from the Arctic","volume":"10","author":"Hansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0101","first-page":"407","article-title":"Four new species of Chattonella (Raphidophyceae, Chromophyta) from Japan","volume":"42","author":"Hara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jpn J. Phycol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.11078","article-title":"Trophic interactions, toxicokinetics, and detoxification processes in a domoic acid-producing diatom and two copepod species","volume":"64","author":"Har\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12867-019-0124-0","article-title":"Transcriptomic responses to grazing reveal the metabolic pathway leading to the biosynthesis of domoic acid and highlight different defense strategies in diatoms","volume":"20","author":"Har\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2014.07.001","article-title":"The role of hydrographic parameters, measured from a ship of opportunity, in bloom formation of Karenia mikimotoi in the English Channel","volume":"140","author":"Hartman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02367149","article-title":"A review of Pseudo-nitzschia, with special reference to the Skagerrak, North Atlantic, and adjacent waters","volume":"50","author":"Hasle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Helgol\u00e4nder Meeresuntersuchungen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0106","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nitzschia and Fragilariopsis species studied in the light and electron microsocopes. I. Some marine species of the groups Nitzschiella and Lanceolatae","volume":"16","author":"Hasle","year":"1964","journal-title":"Skr. Norske Vidensk-Akad. I. Mat.-Nat. Kl. Ny Serie"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.2216\/0031-8884(2005)44[608:PSFOBR]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Pseudo-nitzschia seriata f.obtusa (Bacillariophyceae) raised in rank based on morphological, phylogenetic and distributional data","volume":"44","author":"Hasle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0108","article-title":"Development of a TaqMan qPCR assay for detection of Alexandrium spp and application to harmful algal bloom monitoring","volume":"2","author":"Hatfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicon: X"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-32-1-29.1","article-title":"Autecology, life history and toxicology of the silicoflagellate Dictyocha speculum (Silicoflagellata, Dictyochophyceae)","volume":"32","author":"Henriksen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0309","first-page":"114","article-title":"Long-term changes in phytoplankton in the Kattegat, the Belt Sea, the Sound and the western Baltic Sea","volume":"61","author":"Henriksen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sea Res., Long-term Phytoplankton Time Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0110","series-title":"Seafood and Freshwater Toxins: Pharmacology, Physiology, and Detection","first-page":"799","article-title":"Azaspiracids: Chemistry, biosynthesis, metabolism, and detection","author":"Hess","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2517\/prpsj.10.299","article-title":"Algae and their chloroplasts with particular reference to the dinoflagellates","volume":"10","author":"Horiguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paleontol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1515\/botm.1991.34.2.123","article-title":"Ultrastructure of a marine dinoflagellate, Peridinium quinquecorne Ab\u00e9 (Peridiniales) from South Africa with particular reference to its chrysophyte endosymbiont","volume":"34","author":"Horiguchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Botanica Marina"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1835.2006.00426.x","article-title":"Serial replacement of a diatom endosymbiont in the marine dinoflagellate Peridinium quinquecorne (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)","volume":"54","author":"Horiguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phycol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0114","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Harmful Algae. International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 2012","first-page":"81","article-title":"Annual cycle of Pseudo-nitzschia species in outer Oslofjorden, Norway","author":"Hostyeva","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00679","article-title":"Diversity of Pico- to Mesoplankton along the 2000 km Salinity Gradient of the Baltic Sea","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2015.10.017","article-title":"Two decades of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms and king scallop (Pecten maximus) contamination by domoic acid along the French Atlantic and English Channel coasts: Seasonal dynamics, spatial heterogeneity and interannual variability","volume":"51","author":"Husson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-15-0663.1","article-title":"Sea surface temperature climate data record for the North Sea and Baltic Sea","volume":"29","author":"H\u00f8yer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Climate"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(99)00203-2","article-title":"Multiple organ damage caused by a new toxin azaspiracid, isolated from mussels produced in Ireland","volume":"38","author":"Ito","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2012.04.008","article-title":"The fish-killing dictyochophyte Pseudochattonella farcimen: adaptations leading to bloom formation during early spring in Scandinavian waters","volume":"18","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2003.11.010","article-title":"Amnesic shellfish poison","volume":"42","author":"Jeffery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.02.002","article-title":"Detection and effects of harmful algal toxins in Scottish harbour seals and potential links to population decline","volume":"97","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00397272","article-title":"Naked Dictyocha speculum - a new type of phytoplankton bloom in the Western Baltic","volume":"103","author":"Jochem","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/83.2.411","article-title":"Stability of domoic acid in saline dosing solutions","volume":"83","author":"Johannessen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2014.10.001","article-title":"Formal revision of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex (Dinophyceae) taxonomy: the introduction of five species with emphasis on molecular-based (rDNA) classification","volume":"165","author":"John","year":"2014","journal-title":"Protist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.1999.3561465.x","article-title":"Eco-physiology, bio-optics and toxicity of the ichthyotoxic Chrysochromulina leadbeateri (Prymnesiophyceae)","volume":"35","author":"Johnsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Phycology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0127","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Harmful Algae. International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO","first-page":"58","article-title":"First Report of Dinophysis tripos bloom in Norwegian Coastal Waters","volume":"2012","author":"Johnsen","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-1688.2009.00386.x","article-title":"Prymnesium parvum: The Norwegian Experience","volume":"46","author":"Johnsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1989.10413435","article-title":"Prymnesium parvum Carter (Prymnesiophyceae) in association with macro algae in Ryfylke, southwestern Norway","volume":"74","author":"Johnsen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1139\/f91-272","article-title":"Occurrence of the toxic phytoflagellate Prymnesium parvum and associated fish mortality in a Norwegian fjord system","volume":"48","author":"Kaartvedt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat.Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3354\/meps079151","article-title":"The Chrysochromulina polylepis bloom in the Kattegat (Scandinavia) May-June 1988. Distribution, primary production and nutrient dynamics in the late stage of the bloom","volume":"79","author":"Kaas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-11-3619-2014","article-title":"Multidecadal time series of satellite-detected accumulations of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea","volume":"11","author":"Kahru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0133","series-title":"Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water","first-page":"75","article-title":"Paralytic shellfish poisoning","author":"Kao","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0134","series-title":"Kartlegging av hendelsesforl\u00f8p og beredskap under giftalgeangrepet v\u00e5ren 2019-Astafjorden, Ofotfjorden, Vestfjorden og Tysfjorden","author":"Karlsen","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0981(89)90180-9","article-title":"Seasonal phosphate uptake by size-fractionated plankton in the Skagerrak","volume":"127","author":"Karlson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399321","article-title":"Diarrhetic mussel poisoning in the Netherlands related to the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata","volume":"49","author":"Kat","year":"1983","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1983.10420559","article-title":"Dinophysis acuminata blooms in the Dutch coastal area related to diarrhetic mussel poisoning in the Dutch Waddensea","volume":"68","author":"Kat","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3354\/meps259093","article-title":"Diarrhetic shellfish toxicity in relation to the abundance of Dinophysis spp. in the German Bight near Helgoland","volume":"259","author":"Kl\u00f6pper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01610509","article-title":"Beobachtungen an Phaeocystis-Kulturen","volume":"5","author":"Kornmann","year":"1955","journal-title":"Helgol\u00e4nder Wiss. Meeresunters."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s10152-019-0528-8","article-title":"An updated phytoplankton check-list for the Helgoland Roads time series station with eleven new records of diatoms and dinoflagellates","volume":"73","author":"Kraberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helgol. Marine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.101622","article-title":"Distributions of three Alexandrium species and their toxins across a salinity gradient suggest an increasing impact of GDA producing A. pseudogonyaulax in shallow brackish waters of Northern Europe","volume":"87","author":"Kremp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2008.07.004","article-title":"Bloom forming Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in shallow waters of the \u00c5land archipelago, Northern Baltic Sea","volume":"8","author":"Kremp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0143","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th international Conference on Harmful Algae. International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae","first-page":"303","article-title":"Yessotoxin profiles of the marine dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Gonyaulax spinifera","author":"Krock","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.12.005","article-title":"Two novel azaspiracids from Azadinium poporum, and a comprehensive compilation of azaspiracids produced by Amphidomataceae,(Dinophyceae)","volume":"82","author":"Krock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.10.007","article-title":"Development of a LC-MS\/MS method for the quantification of goniodomins A and B and its application to Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax strains and plankton field samples of Danish coastal waters","volume":"155","author":"Krock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0146","series-title":"Third International Conference on Toxic Dinoflagellates","first-page":"501","article-title":"Outbreak of Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning on the west coast of Sweden","author":"Krogh","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0147","series-title":"Coscinodiscus wailesii\u2014a nuisance diatom in European waters, Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management","first-page":"53","author":"Laing","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(95)04545-C","article-title":"The mucilage phenomenon in the continental coastal waters of the North Sea","volume":"165","author":"Lancelot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3354\/meps289063","article-title":"Modelling diatom and Phaeocystis blooms and nutrient cycles in the Southern Bight of the North Sea: the MIRO model","volume":"289","author":"Lancelot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Marine Ecol. Progr. Ser."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1984.10420605","article-title":"An outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning in western Norway","volume":"69","author":"Langeland","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1051\/alr:1990014","article-title":"The diurnal vertical migrations of Dinophysis acuminata in an outdoor tank at Antifer (Normandy, France)","volume":"3","author":"Lassus","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aquat. Living Resour."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00003877","article-title":"Determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in various dinoflagellate species","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2017.04.002","article-title":"Different life cycle strategies of the dinoflagellates Fragilidium duplocampanaeforme and its prey Dinophysis acuminata may explain their different susceptibilities to the infection by the parasite Parvilucifera infectans","volume":"65","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.54.1953","article-title":"Diarrhetic shellfish toxins in Norwegian Mussels","volume":"54","author":"Lee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0304","series-title":"Phaeocystis, major link in the biogeochemical cycling of climate-relevant elements","first-page":"330","author":"Leeuwe","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-001-0713-5","article-title":"Domoic acid in planktivorous fish in relation to toxic Pseudo-nitzschia cell densities","volume":"140","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.01.007","article-title":"Prevalence of algal toxins in Alaskan marine mammals foraging in a changing arctic and subarctic environment","volume":"55","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.05.034","article-title":"Domoic acid and human exposure risks: a review","volume":"56","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1605","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3656","article-title":"Environmental forcing as a main determinant of bloom dynamics of the Chrysochromulina algae","volume":"273","author":"Lekve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceed. R. Soc. B: Biolo. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.2216\/11-37.1","article-title":"Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) species, domoic acid and amnesic shellfish poisoning: revisiting previous paradigms","volume":"51","author":"Lelong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0160","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis des Planktons und der Boden fauna einiger seichten Brackwasserbuchten","volume":"20","author":"Levander","year":"1901","journal-title":"Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2004.07.001","article-title":"First report of Alexandrium taylori and Alexandrium peruvianum (Dinophyceae) in Malaysia waters","volume":"4","author":"Lim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00396311","article-title":"On the development of a Gyrodinium aureolum occurrence on the Swedish west coast in 1982","volume":"77","author":"Lindahl","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1986.10419670","article-title":"Offshore growth Of Gyrodinium aureolum (Dinophyceae)-The cause of coastal blooms in the Skagerrak area?","volume":"71","author":"Lindahl","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2006.08.007","article-title":"Toxicity of Dinophysis spp. in relation to population density and environmental conditions on the Swedish west coast","volume":"6","author":"Lindahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0165","first-page":"49","article-title":"Bidrag till k\u00e4nnedom om \u00d6stersj\u00f6ns invertebratfauna","volume":"12","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1855","journal-title":"\u00d6fversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens F\u00f6rhandlingar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0166","first-page":"13","article-title":"A practical guide to new nomenclature for species within the \u201cAlexandrium tamarense species complex","volume":"61","author":"Litaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.09.015","article-title":"Seasonal variability of Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxins in Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in northern Yellow Sea of China","volume":"139","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1039\/b501296c","article-title":"Saxitoxin, a toxic marine natural product that targets a multitude of receptors","volume":"23","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/iroh.19110040102","article-title":"\u00dcber das Nannoplankton und die Zentrifugierung kleinster Wasserproben zur Gewinnung desselben in lebendem Zustande","volume":"4","author":"Lohmann","year":"1911","journal-title":"Internationale revue der gesamten hydrobiologie und hydrographie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0170","first-page":"129","article-title":"Untersuchungen zur Feststellung des vollstandigen Gehaltes des Meeres an Plankton","volume":"10","author":"Lohmann","year":"1908","journal-title":"Wissenschaftl. Meeresunters. Abt. Kiel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0171","series-title":"Bacillariophyceae","author":"Lundholm","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0172","first-page":"8","article-title":"Domoic acid in Danish blue mussels due to a bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia seriata","volume":"29","author":"Lundholm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harmful Algae News"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2010.03.001","article-title":"A 100-year record of changing Pseudo-nitzschia species in a sill-fjord in Denmark related to nitrogen loading and temperature","volume":"9","author":"Lundholm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.06.005","article-title":"Induction of domoic acid production in diatoms\u2014Types of grazers and diatoms are important","volume":"79","author":"Lundholm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2003.02031.x","article-title":"What is Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima? a study of the P. pseudodelicatissima\/cuspidata complex (Bacillariophyceae)","author":"Lundholm","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2006.00211.x","article-title":"Inter-and intraspecific variation of the Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima complex (Bacillariophyceae) illustrated by rRNA probes, morphological data and phylogenetic analyses 1","volume":"42","author":"Lundholm","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-33-6-475.1","article-title":"Domoic acid, the toxic amino acid responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning, now in Pseudonitzschia seriata (Bacillariophyceae) in Europe","volume":"33","author":"Lundholm","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-36-5-381.1","article-title":"Studies on the marine planktonic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. 2. Autecology of P. pseudodelicatissima based on isolates from Danish coastal waters","volume":"36","author":"Lundholm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0179","series-title":"Tentamen hydrophytologiae danicae continens omnia hydrophyta cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae hucusque cognita, systematice disposita, descripta et iconibus illustrata, adjectis simul speciebus norvegicis","author":"Lyngbye","year":"1819"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0180","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Harmful Algae. International Society for the Study of Harmful Algae and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO","first-page":"126","article-title":"Observations on Chattonella globosa in Norwegian coastal waters Are Chattonella globosa and Dictyocha fibula one species?","author":"L\u00f8msland","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0181","series-title":"Dinoflagellate blooms and associated DSP-toxicity in shellfish in New Zealand. Harmful Algae","first-page":"74","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0182","first-page":"18","article-title":"Possible association of fishing gear clogging with a diatom bloom in the middle Atlantic Bight","volume":"25","author":"Mahoney","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull. New Jersey Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00024","article-title":"Salinity-growth response and ichthyotoxic potency of the Chilean Pseudochattonella verruculosa","author":"Mardones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Marine Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2004.12.014","article-title":"Dynamics of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) production by Phaeocystis globosa under N-or P-limitation: a controlling factor of the retention\/export balance","volume":"4","author":"Mari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0185","series-title":"\u00d8konomiske og samfunnsmessige konsekvenser av algeoppblomstringen i Nord-Norge.","first-page":"1","author":"Marthinussen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.07.003","article-title":"Mortalities of sea-cage salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) due to a bloom of Pseudochattonella verruculosa (Dictyochophyceae) in Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand","volume":"11","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL070023","article-title":"An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions","volume":"43","author":"McCabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-007-9087-1","article-title":"A taxonomic review of the genus Phaeocystis","volume":"83","author":"Medlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0188","series-title":"Tenth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms","article-title":"Yessotoxin in Norwegian blue mussels caused by Protoceratium reticulatum","author":"Miles","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0189","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pathology of wild and cultured fish affected by a Karenia mikimotoi bloom in Ireland, 2005","volume":"27","author":"Mitchell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull.-Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0190","unstructured":"Moestrup, \u00d8., Akselmann-Cardella, R., Churro, C., Fraga, S., Hoppenrath, M., Iwataki, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Zingone, A., 2020. IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2013.12.002","article-title":"The dinoflagellates Pfiesteria shumwayae and Luciella masanensis cause fish kills in recirculation fish farms in Denmark","volume":"32","author":"Moestrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0192","first-page":"57","article-title":"Dictyocha speculum (Silicoflagellata, Dictyochopyceae), studies on armoured and unarmoured stages","volume":"37","author":"Moestrup","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(01)81076-5","article-title":"Isolation and structure of yessotoxin, a novel polyether compound implicated in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning","volume":"28","author":"Murata","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0194","series-title":"Climate Change and Marine and Freshwater Toxins","first-page":"125","article-title":"Alexandrium spp.: genetic and ecological factors influencing saxitoxin production and proliferation","author":"Murray","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.06.017","article-title":"Gene duplication, loss and selection in the evolution of saxitoxin biosynthesis in alveolates","volume":"92","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet Evol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2012.714908","article-title":"Monitoring of Dinophysis species and diarrhetic shellfish toxins in Fl\u00f8devigen Bay, Norway: inter-annual variability over a 25-year time-series","volume":"29","author":"Naustvoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part a-Chem. Anal. Control Expos. Risk Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3354\/meps062021","article-title":"Effects of a Chrysochromulina polylepis subsurface bloom on the planktonic community","author":"Nielsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Marine Ecol. Progr. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0198","series-title":"Unders\u00f8kelser av mytilotoksin i bl\u00e5skjell (Mytilus edulis L.)","author":"Oftebro","year":"1965"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2004.06.016","article-title":"The global distributional patterns of toxic, bloom dinoflagellates recorded from the Eurasian Arctic","volume":"4","author":"Okolodkov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2020.101817","article-title":"The impact of urea on toxic diatoms\u2013Potential effects of fertilizer silo breakdown on a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom","volume":"95","author":"Olesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.101685","article-title":"Basin-specific changes in filamentous cyanobacteria community composition across four decades in the Baltic Sea","volume":"91","author":"Olofsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2017.03.005","article-title":"High resolution mass spectrometry-based screening reveals lipophilic toxins in multiple trophic levels from the North Sea","volume":"64","author":"Orellana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0203","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the immigration of Biddulphia Sinensis Grev. and its occurrence in the North Sea during 1903-1907 and on its use for the study of the direction and rate of flow of the currents","volume":"1","author":"Ostenfeld","year":"1908","journal-title":"Medd. fra komm. for havunders\u00f6g."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/md6020073","article-title":"Yessotoxins, a group of marine polyether toxins: an overview","volume":"6","author":"Paz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.05.021","article-title":"Production and release of yessotoxins by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedrum in culture","volume":"44","author":"Paz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/20.3.517","article-title":"Development of the diatom- Phaeocystis spring bloom in the Dutch coastal zone of the North Sea: the silicon depletion versus the daily irradiance threshold hypothesis","volume":"20","author":"Peperzak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/22.1.107","article-title":"Growth and mortality of flagellates and non-flagellate cells of Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae)","volume":"22","author":"Peperzak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2008.06.001","article-title":"Mass mussel mortality in The Netherlands after a bloom of Phaeocystis globosa (prymnesiophyceae)","volume":"60","author":"Peperzak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/13657305.2013.825930","article-title":"Technological adaptation to harmful algal blooms: socioeconomic consequences for the shellfish farming sector in Bourgneuf bay (France)","volume":"17","author":"P\u00e9rez Ag\u00fandez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquacult. Econ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0209","series-title":"\u00c5rsrapport 2011-2013 - Kontrollprogrammet f\u00f6r tv\u00e5skaliga bl\u00f6tdjur. Livsmedelsverket","author":"Persson","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0210","series-title":"Kontrollprogrammet f\u00f6r tv\u00e5skaliga bl\u00f6tdjur, \u00c5rsrapport 2014-2019, Livsmedelsverkets rapportserie","first-page":"1","author":"Persson","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0211","author":"Philippart","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.10.021","article-title":"Karlodinium veneficum - The little dinoflagellate with a big bite","volume":"14","author":"Place","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1290040608","article-title":"Ion-spray mass spectrometry of marine toxins II. Analysis of diarrhetic shellfish toxins in plankton by liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"4","author":"Pleasance","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3354\/meps156275","article-title":"Nutrient and plankton dynamics during a spring drift experiment in the German Bight","volume":"156","author":"Raabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Marine Ecol. Progr. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0215","series-title":"A satellite and field portrait of a Karenia mikimotoi bloom off the south coast of Ireland, August 1998, Coastal Shellfish\u2014A Sustainable Resource","first-page":"187","author":"Raine","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/17.5.999","article-title":"Autoecology and some life history stages of Dinophysis acuta Ehrenberg","volume":"17","author":"Reguera","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.10.016","article-title":"Harmful Dinophysis species: a review","volume":"14","author":"Reguera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0218","series-title":"Oppblomstringen av Chrysochromulina leadbeateri i Vestfjorden, mai-juni 1991: rapport fra et faglig arbeidsseminar","author":"Rey","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2005.06.008","article-title":"Yessotoxin production by Gonyaulax spinifera","volume":"5","author":"Rhodes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.2019.1626746","article-title":"Checklist of the planktonic marine dinoflagellates of New Zealand","volume":"54","author":"Rhodes","year":"2020","journal-title":"N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368362","article-title":"Importance and abundance of the recently established species Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran & Angst in the German Bight","volume":"49","author":"Rick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Helgol\u00e4nder Meeresuntersuchungen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00356293","article-title":"Phaeocystis blooms and eutrophication of the continental coastal zones of the North Sea","volume":"112","author":"Riegman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400071186","article-title":"Mortalities of Salmo gairdneri exposed to cultures of Gyrodinium aureolum","volume":"63","author":"Roberts","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Marine Biol. Assoc. United Kingdom"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3354\/ame01700","article-title":"Feeding of Fragilidium cf. duplocampanaeforme and F. subglobosum on four Dinophysis species: prey specificity, local adaptation and fate of toxins","volume":"72","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat. Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0224","first-page":"78","article-title":"Identification of Belgian maritime zones affected by eutrophication (IZEUT)","author":"Rousseau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Belgian Sci. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00018-6","article-title":"Trophic efficiency of the planktonic food web in a coastal ecosystem dominated by Phaeocystis colonies","volume":"43","author":"Rousseau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.101623","article-title":"Variability of Amnesic Shellfish Toxin and Pseudo-nitzschia occurrence in bivalve molluscs and water samples\u2013Analysis of ten years of the official control monitoring programme","volume":"87","author":"Rowland-Pilgrim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03153","article-title":"qPCR assays for the detection and quantification of multiple paralytic shellfish toxin-producing species of Alexandrium","volume":"9","author":"Ruvindy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.06.010","article-title":"The role of Azadinium spinosum (Dinophyceae) in the production of azaspiracid shellfish poisoning in mussels","volume":"10","author":"Salas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3354\/ame033163","article-title":"Parasitism of Dinophysis norvegica by Amoebophrya sp. in the Baltic Sea","volume":"33","author":"Salomon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aquat. Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.04.010","article-title":"Use of ELISA to identify Protoceratium reticulatum as a source of yessotoxin in Norway","volume":"44","author":"Samdal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9967","DOI":"10.1021\/ja981413r","article-title":"Azaspiracid, a new marine toxin having unique spiro ring assemblies, isolated from Irish mussels, Mytilus edulis","volume":"120","author":"Satake","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"6765","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/47481","article-title":"Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom","volume":"403","author":"Scholin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2004.01.008","article-title":"Phaeocystis blooms in the global ocean and their controlling mechanisms: a review","volume":"53","author":"Schoemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.04.009","article-title":"Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid fluxes in Santa Barbara Basin (CA) from 1993 to 2008","volume":"10","author":"Sekula-Wood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat5096","article-title":"Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton","volume":"5","author":"Selander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1594","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0235","first-page":"1673","article-title":"Copepods induce paralytic shellfish toxin production in marine dinoflagellates","volume":"273","author":"Selander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceed. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0236","series-title":"Marine Environment and Health Series, No 21, 2005","first-page":"44 pp","article-title":"Karenia mikimotoi: an exceptional dinoflagellate bloom in western Irish waters, summer 2005","author":"Silke","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0237","author":"Skjoldal","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2010.02.005","article-title":"Adaptations and selection of harmful and other dinoflagellate species in upwelling systems. 2. Motility and migratory behaviour","volume":"85","author":"Smayda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-007-9091-5","article-title":"Environmental constraints on the production and removal of the climatically active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling","volume":"83","author":"Stefels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fby035","article-title":"Molecular analyses of protists in long-term observation programmes\u2014current status and future perspectives","volume":"40","author":"Stern","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0241","series-title":"The socio-economic impact of harmful algal blooms in European marine waters","author":"Stolte","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0242","first-page":"7","article-title":"The molluscan fisheries and culture of Norway","volume":"129","author":"Strand","year":"1997","journal-title":"NOAA Technical Report NMFS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2014.11.026","article-title":"Induction of domoic acid production in the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia seriata by calanoid copepods","volume":"159","author":"Tammilehto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquatic. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.11.003","article-title":"Diatom Nitzschia navis-varingica (Bacillariophyceae) and its domoic acid production from the mangrove environments of Malaysia","volume":"60","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1977.10411330","article-title":"Blooms of Gyrodinium aureolum (Dinophygeae) in North European waters, accompanied by mortality in marine organisms","volume":"63","author":"Tangen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00364827.1983.10420550","article-title":"Shellfish poisoning and the ocurrence of potentially toxic dinoflagellates in Norwegian waters","volume":"68","author":"Tangen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sarsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/3.3.389","article-title":"Observations on pigments and morphology of Gyrodinium aureolum Hurlburt, a marine dinoflagellate containing 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin as the main carotenoid","volume":"3","author":"Tangen","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Plankt. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0248","series-title":"Proceeding International Seminar on Application of Seawatch Indonesia Information System for Indonesian Marine Resources Development","first-page":"195","article-title":"Harmful phytoplankton in Norwegian waters - an overview","author":"Tangen","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0249","series-title":"Phytoplankton and the fish kills in Loch Striven, Internal reports","first-page":"13","author":"Tett","year":"1980"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0250","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Studier over den paralytiske form af forgiftning med blaaskjel(Mytilus edulis L.) Tidsskr","volume":"21","author":"Thesen","year":"1901","journal-title":"Norske L\u00e6gefor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0251","series-title":"Coccolithophores: from molecular processes to global impact","author":"Thierstein","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/09670260802578534","article-title":"Azadinium spinosum gen. et sp. nov.(Dinophyceae) identified as a primary producer of azaspiracid toxins","volume":"44","author":"Tillmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2011.10.005","article-title":"Amphidoma languida sp. nov.(Dinophyceae) reveals a close relationship between Amphidoma and Azadinium","volume":"163","author":"Tillmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Protist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torgersen, T., Aasen, J., Aune, T.J.T., 2005. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning by okadaic acid esters from Brown crabs (Cancer pagurus) in Norway. 46(5), 572\u2013578.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.06.024"},{"issue":"53","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0256","first-page":"37","article-title":"Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in the northeastern Pacific Ocean","author":"Trainer","year":"2017","journal-title":"PICES Sci. Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.10.025","article-title":"Pseudo-nitzschia physiological ecology, phylogeny, toxicity, monitoring and impacts on ecosystem health","volume":"14","author":"Trainer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.07.038","article-title":"Yessotoxins: a toxicological overview","volume":"56","author":"Tubaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0259","first-page":"34","article-title":"Olieforurening af havet og massedod af fugle","volume":"35","author":"T\u00e5ning","year":"1951","journal-title":"Naturens Verden"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zur Vervollkomnung der quantitativen","volume":"9","author":"Uterm\u00f6hl","year":"1958","journal-title":"Phytoplankton-Methodik. Mitt. int. Ver. ther. angew. Limnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0261","unstructured":"Van Beneden, P.-J., Van Iseghem, J., 1866. Rapport sur les parcs aux hu\u00eetres, \u00e0 Ostende, Rapport de la Commission charg\u00e9e de faire une enqu\u00eate sur la situation de la p\u00eache maritime en Belgique., pp. 61\u201364."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2011.628340","article-title":"Monitoring phytoplankton and marine biotoxins in production waters of the Netherlands: results after one decade","volume":"29","author":"van der Fels-Klerx","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Addit.Contam.: Part A"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s1133","article-title":"Marine algal toxins: origins, health effects, and their increased occurrence","volume":"108","author":"Van Dolah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0264","series-title":"Memo RWS CIV, 19-05-2020","author":"van Wezel","year":"2020"},{"issue":"86","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0077-7579(86)90059-1","article-title":"The spring bloom of phaeocystis pouchetii (haptophyceae) in Dutch coastal waters","volume":"20","author":"Veldhuis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neth. J. Sea Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-007-9090-6","article-title":"Current understanding of Phaeocystis ecology and biogeochemistry, and perspectives for future research","volume":"83","author":"Verity","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0265","series-title":"Ueber die Vergiftungen durch Miesmuscheln in Wilhelmshaven","author":"Virchow","year":"1885"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3354\/meps326077","article-title":"Bloom and decline of the toxic flagellate Chattonella marina in a Swedish fjord","volume":"326","author":"Waite","year":"2006","journal-title":"Marine Ecol. Progr. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2012.10.003","article-title":"Encystment of a cold-water dinoflagellate\u2014from in vitro to in silico","volume":"125","author":"Warns","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-7963(94)90017-5","article-title":"The trophic significance of Phaeocystis blooms","volume":"5","author":"Weisse","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"issue":"86","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(86)90052-1","article-title":"Dynamics of Phaeocystis pouchetii blooms in the Wadden Sea of Sylt (German Bight, North Sea)","volume":"23","author":"Weisse","year":"1986","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0268","series-title":"Forekomster av matnyttige skjell (muslinger) i norske kystfarvann (med et tillegg om sj\u00f8snegler), Fiskeridirektoratets Havforskningsinstitut","first-page":"1","author":"Wiborg","year":"1968"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235015","article-title":"Distribution and abundance of azaspiracid-producing dinophyte species and their toxins in North Atlantic and North Sea waters in summer 2018","volume":"15","author":"Wietkamp","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-009-9228-y","article-title":"Helgoland roads, North Sea: 45 years of change","volume":"33","author":"Wiltshire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015039","article-title":"A molecular and co-evolutionary context for grazer induced toxin production in Alexandrium tamarense","volume":"5","author":"Wohlrab","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0272","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pyrodinium phoneus, n. sp., agent de la toxicit\u00e9 des moules du canal maritime de Bruges \u00e0 Zeebrugge","volume":"15","author":"Woloszynska","year":"1939","journal-title":"Bull. Mus. royal d'Hist. Nat. Belg.\/Med. Kon. Natuurhist. Mus. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2015.11.020","article-title":"Environmental roles and biological activity of domoic acid: A review","volume":"13","author":"Zabaglo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Algal Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989_bib0274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09879","article-title":"Pigment-based chloroplast types in dinoflagellates","volume":"465","author":"Zapata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Marine Ecol. Progr. Ser."}],"container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568988321000160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568988321000160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:03:18Z","timestamp":1761598998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568988321000160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":283,"alternative-id":["S1568988321000160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Harmful algal blooms and their effects in coastal seas of Northern Europe","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Harmful Algae","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101989","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101989"}}