{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:14:07Z","timestamp":1790997247859,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41876139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42030404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42030404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1404303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1404303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T08:47:40Z","timestamp":1623142060000},"page":"102059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Emerging harmful algal bloom species over the last four decades in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2350-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifeng","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songhui","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douding","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0446-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying Zhong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzao","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.45.67","article-title":"The thecal structure of a marine toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus gen. et sp. nov. collected in a ciguatera-endemic area","volume":"45","author":"Adachi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0002","first-page":"25","article-title":"A harmful dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sp. which bloomed in Shimonoseki Fishery Port","volume":"26","author":"Baba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bulletin of Yamaguchi Prefectural Naikai Fisheries Experimental Station"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2307\/3226651","article-title":"Three new species of the genus Alexandrium (Dinoflagellata)","volume":"113","author":"Balech","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Microscopical Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0004","first-page":"26","article-title":"Occurrence and analysis of red tides in Qinhuangdao sea area","volume":"8","author":"Bian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hebei Fishery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.08.001","article-title":"Two new karlotoxins found in Karlodinium veneficum (strain GM2) from the East China Sea","volume":"58","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-019-9178-6","article-title":"Who is the \u201cmurderer\u201d of the bloom in coastal waters of Fujian, China, in 2019?","volume":"38","author":"Cen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.1990.9516437","article-title":"First record of a Heterosigma (Raphidophyceae) bloom with associated mortality of cage-reared salmon in Big Glory Bay","volume":"24","author":"Chang","year":"1990","journal-title":"New Zealand. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0008","first-page":"230","article-title":"Studies on the dinoflagellate in adjacent waters of the Xisha Islands III. Some rare tropical ocean species","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0009","first-page":"238","article-title":"Taxonomic studies on three genera of Dinophysiaceae in South China Sea","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2007.12.012","article-title":"The emergence of Cochlodinium along the California Coast (USA)","volume":"7","author":"Curtiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0011","article-title":"Distribution of Alexandrium pacificum cysts in the area adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary","volume":"156","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"China. Mar. Poll. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2013.01.015","article-title":"Newly recorded Karlodinium veneficum dinoflagellate blooms in stratified water of the East China Sea","volume":"101","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res. (Top. Stud. Oceanogr.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110226","article-title":"Ecological characteristics and teratogenic retinal determination of Cochlodinium geminatum blooms in Pearl River Estuary, South China","volume":"191","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0014","series-title":"Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea","first-page":"235","article-title":"Toxic dinoflagellate red tide by a Cochlodinium sp. along the coast of Fujian, China","author":"Du","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cause of bloom breakout","volume":"22","author":"Fei","year":"1952","journal-title":"Xueyi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.05.007","article-title":"Chemical analysis of Karenia papilionacea","volume":"101","author":"Fowler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1515\/ohs-2017-0043","article-title":"Characterization of Dinophysis acuminata from the Yellow Sea, China, and its response to different temperatures and Mesodinium prey","volume":"46","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oceanol. Hydrobiol. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.05.025","article-title":"Distribution of Alexandrium fundyense and A. pacificum (Dinophyceae) in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea","volume":"96","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Poll. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2017.01.008","article-title":"Molecular characterization and morphology of Cochlodinium strangulatum, the type species of Cochlodinium, and Margalefidinium gen. nov. for C. polykrikoides and allied species (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)","volume":"63","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/19.8.1111","article-title":"Evidence of a new toxin in the red-tide dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum","volume":"19","author":"Grzebyk","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1759-6831.2011.00160.x","article-title":"Morphology, phylogenetic position, and ecophysiology of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) from the Bohai Sea","volume":"49","author":"Gu","year":"2011","journal-title":"China. J. Syst. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, H., Huo, K., Krock, B., Bilien, G., Pospelova, V., Li, Z., Carbonell-Moore, C., Morquecho, L., Nin\u010devi\u0107, \u017d., Mertens, K., 2021. Cyst-theca relationships of Spiniferites bentorii, S. hyperacanthus, S. ramosus, S. scabratus and molecular phylogenetics of Spiniferites and Tectatodinium (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae). Phycologia DOI:10.1080\/00318884.2021.1930796.","DOI":"10.1080\/00318884.2021.1930796"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2013.06.001","article-title":"Morphology, phylogeny and toxin profiles of Gymnodinium inusitatum sp. nov., Gymnodinium catenatum and Gymnodinium microreticulatum (Dinophyceae) from the Yellow Sea","volume":"28","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"China. Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2012.11.009","article-title":"Morphology, phylogeny and azaspiracid profile of Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) from the China Sea","volume":"21-22","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2216\/12-090.1","article-title":"Morphology, ultrastructure and phylogeny of Takayama xiamenensis sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) from the East China Sea","volume":"52","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2013.05.008","article-title":"Morphology, toxicity, and phylogeny of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) species along the coast of China","volume":"27","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-012-1273-5","article-title":"Morphology, phylogeny, and toxicity of Atama complex (Dinophyceae) from the Chukchi Sea","volume":"36","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polar Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0028","first-page":"335","article-title":"Species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) in Daya Bay China","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0029","first-page":"27","article-title":"The economic cost of red tides in China from 2008\u20132012","volume":"47","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PICES Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0030","first-page":"211","article-title":"Studies on Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada in the Dalian Bight, Liaoning, China","volume":"25","author":"Guo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0031","series-title":"Algae of Australia phytoplankton of temperate coastal waters","first-page":"145","article-title":"Planktonic dinoflagellates","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2983\/035.028.0219","article-title":"Mortality of the veined rapa whelk, Rapana venosa, in relation to a bloom of Alexandrium monilatum in the York River, United States","volume":"28","author":"Harding","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Shellfish Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1835.1995.tb00016.x","article-title":"Heterocapsa circularisquama sp. nov. (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae): a new marine dinoflagellate causing mass mortality of bivalves in Japan","volume":"43","author":"Horiguchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phycol. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-018-1295-0","article-title":"The morphological and phylogenetic characterization for the dinoflagellate Margalefidinium fulvescens (= Cochlodinium fulvescens) isolated from the Jiaozhou Bay","volume":"37","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"China. Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0035","first-page":"197","article-title":"Taxonomic and biological studies on causative organisms from a large scale red tide occurrence in Zhujiang River Estuary in the spring, 1998 I","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0036","first-page":"233","article-title":"Taxonomic and biological studies on causative organisms from a large scale red tide occurrence in Zhujiang River Estuary in the spring, 1998 II","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2331\/fishsci.65.171","article-title":"Toxins of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim from the coastal waters and aquaculture ponds in southern Taiwan","volume":"65","author":"Hwang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2007.12.003","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships in the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) inferred from LSU rDNA sequences","volume":"7","author":"Iwataki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1444-2906.2002.00549.x","article-title":"New record of Heterocapsa circularisquama (Dinophyceae) from Hong Kong","volume":"68","author":"Iwataki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004550","article-title":"Mass stranding of marine birds caused by a surfactant-producing red tide","volume":"4","author":"Jessup","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14045","article-title":"Metatranscriptome analysis reveals environmental and diel regulation of a Heterosigma akashiwo (raphidophyceae) bloom","volume":"20","author":"Ji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0042","first-page":"41","article-title":"Twice red tide occurred in the North of the Yellow Sea of China","volume":"15","author":"Jiao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2014.10.001","article-title":"Formal revision of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex (Dinophyceae) taxonomy: The introduction of five species with emphasis on molecular-based (rDNA) classification","volume":"165","author":"John","year":"2014","journal-title":"Protist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2013.05.006","article-title":"Morphology and molecular characterization of the epiphytic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the temperate waters off Jeju Island","volume":"27","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korea. Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-012-1141-8","article-title":"A dinoflagellate Cochlodinium geminatum bloom in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary in autumn 2009","volume":"30","author":"Ke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2018.09.006","article-title":"Does Noctiluca scintillans end the diatom bloom in coastal water?","volume":"510","author":"Kitatsuji","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12134","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, and toxin patterns in the Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) complex: implications for species boundaries and identities","volume":"50","author":"Kremp","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2014.04.012","article-title":"Azaspiracid variability of Azadinium poporum (Dinophyceae) from the China Sea","volume":"36","author":"Krock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.12.005","article-title":"Two novel azaspiracids from Azadinium poporum, and a comprehensive compilation of azaspiracids produced by Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae)","volume":"82","author":"Krock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0050","series-title":"Dinoflagellate cysts along the coast of China","first-page":"40","author":"Lan","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0051","unstructured":"Law, S.P.C. & Lee, F.Y.K. 2013. Harmful Marine Microalgae in Hong Kong. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China, 73 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2016.02.010","article-title":"New scenario for speciation in the benthic dinoflagellate genus Coolia (Dinophyceae)","volume":"55","author":"Leaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"Supplement C","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.08.007","article-title":"Authentication of the proteins expression profiles (PEPs) identification methodology in a bloom of Karenia digitata, the most damaging harmful algal bloom causative agent in the history of Hong Kong","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.03.003","article-title":"Phylogeny, morphology and toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates of the genus Fukuyoa (Goniodomataceae, Dinophyceae) from a subtropical reef ecosystem in the South China Sea","volume":"74","author":"Leung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12768","article-title":"A review of the global distribution of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) and comments on ecology and associated paralytic shellfish toxin profiles, with a focus on Northern","volume":"54","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3595-z","article-title":"Lipophilic shellfish toxins in Dinophysis caudata picked cells and in shellfish from the East China Sea","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Poll. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07975","article-title":"Relationships between nitrogen and phosphorus forms and ratios and the development of dinoflagellate blooms in the East China Sea","volume":"383","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Yan, M., Gu, J., Lam, V.T., Wai, T.C., Baker, D.M., Thompson, P.D., Yiu, S.K., Lam, P.K., Leung, P.T., 2020. The effect of temperature on physiology, toxicity and toxin content of the benthic dinoflagellate Coolia malayensis from a seasonal tropical region. Water Res. 116264.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116264"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.57.888","article-title":"Cooliatin, an unprecedented natural dioxocyclononane from dinoflagellate Coolia monotis from South China Sea","volume":"57","author":"Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Pharma. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0060","first-page":"511","article-title":"Progresses in investigation and research on phycotoxins and toxic microalgaes in the coastal waters of china","volume":"50","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2005.02.001","article-title":"Phylogeny, biogeography, and species boundaries within the Alexandrium minutum group","volume":"4","author":"Lilly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2014.10.005","article-title":"A bloom of Karlodinium australe (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) associated with mass mortality of cage-cultured fishes in West Johor Strait","volume":"40","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malaysia. Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"s2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0063","first-page":"1","article-title":"History, status and characteristics of red tide in Bohai Sea","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0064","first-page":"187","article-title":"Study on diversity of planktonic dinoflagellates in Chinese waters","volume":"3","author":"Lin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chin. Biodiv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0065","first-page":"22","article-title":"Survey on an event of shellfish intoxication related with blooms","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0066","article-title":"An assessment on the intrapopulational and intraindividual genetic diversity in LSU rDNA in the harmful algal blooms-forming dinoflagellate Margalefidinium (= Cochlodinium) fulvescens based on clonal cultures and bloom samples from Jiaozhou Bay","volume":"96","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"China. Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0067","first-page":"16","article-title":"Red tide caused by a marine toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech, in shrimp ponds in Xiamen","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Taiwan Strait"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.09.015","article-title":"Seasonal variability of Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxins in Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in northern Yellow Sea of China","volume":"139","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2020.101868","article-title":"Toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum and their cysts in Taiwan Strait and their relationship to global populations","volume":"97","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0070","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on toxic dinoflagellate","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Coolia monotis Meunier I. Thecal morphology. Tropic Oceanology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.13189\/eer.2016.040605","article-title":"The production, distribution and fate of Yessotoxins, taking the northern Yellow Sea of China for example","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Ecol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2020.101788","article-title":"Evidence for resting cyst production in the cosmopolitan toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum and the cyst distribution in the China seas","volume":"93","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0073","first-page":"22","article-title":"Preliminary research on Karenia mikimotoi bloom in Fujian coast","volume":"4","author":"Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Fujian Fisheries"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.1021\/ol051300u","article-title":"Prorocentin, a new polyketide from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Organic letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1127\/1864-1318\/2014\/0161","article-title":"Causative species of harmful algal blooms in Chinese coastal waters","volume":"145\/146","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Algological Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1023\/B:HYDR.0000020331.75003.18","article-title":"Harmful algal bloom causative collected from Hong Kong waters","volume":"512","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0077","first-page":"1","article-title":"An unusual year for the occurrence of harmful algae","volume":"18","author":"L\u00fc","year":"1999","journal-title":"Harmful Algae News"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0078","first-page":"487","article-title":"The research status quo, hazard, and ecological mechanisms of Karenia mikimotoi red tide in coastal waters of china Oceanol","volume":"50","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Limnol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0079","unstructured":"Luo, X., 2011. Population dynamics and toxin production of Dinophysis species in the coastal waters of Qingdao. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ph.D. thesis. p160."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.08.003","article-title":"Sympatric occurrence of two Azadinium poporum ribotypes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea","volume":"78","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2216\/17-106.1","article-title":"Karlodinium zhouanum, a new dinoflagellate species from China, and molecular phylogeny of Karenia digitata and Karenia longicanalis (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)","volume":"57","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2017.05.008","article-title":"Cryptic diversity within the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea in coastal Chinese waters is related to differentiated ecological niches","volume":"66","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2016.11.020","article-title":"Morphology, molecular phylogeny and okadaic acid production of epibenthic Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) species from the northern South China Sea","volume":"22","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.10.003","article-title":"Isolation of pectenotoxin-2 from Dinophysis acuta and its conversion to pectenotoxin-2 seco acid, and preliminary assessment of their acute toxicities","volume":"43","author":"Miles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1515\/bot-2013-0121","article-title":"Cyst morphology, germination characteristics, and potential toxicity of Pyrodinium bahamense in the Gulf of California","volume":"57","author":"Morquecho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bot. Mar."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)86674-5","article-title":"Goniodomin a, a novel polyether macrolide from the dinoflagellate Goniodoma pseudogoniaulax","volume":"29","author":"Murakami","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2007.04.001","article-title":"Widespread presence of hydrophobic paralytic shellfish toxins in Gymnodinium catenatum","volume":"6","author":"Negri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2008.08.001","article-title":"Comparative study on the PSP component and toxicity produced by Alexandrium tamiyavanichii (Dinophyceae) strains occurring in Japanese coastal water","volume":"8","author":"Oh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0089","first-page":"57","article-title":"The outbreak of Cochlodinium geminatum bloom in Zhuhai","volume":"29","author":"Ou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Guangdong. J. Trop. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0090","unstructured":"Orellana-Cepeda, E., Granados-Machuca, C., Serrano-Esquer, J., 2002. Ceratium furca: One possible cause of mass mortality of cultured blue fin tuna at Baja California, Mexico. Harmful Algae, 514\u2013516."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2017.12.004","article-title":"Intraspecific bloom succession in the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophyceae) extended the blooming period in Korean coastal waters in 2009","volume":"71","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/md6020073","article-title":"Yessotoxins, a group of marine polyether toxins: an overview","volume":"6","author":"Paz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.05.021","article-title":"Production and release of yessotoxins by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedrum in culture","volume":"44","author":"Paz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.11.006","article-title":"Devastating farmed abalone mortalities attributed to yessotoxin-producing dinoflagellates","volume":"81","author":"Pitcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1023\/B:HYDR.0000020329.06666.8c","article-title":"Some observations on harmful algal bloom (HAB) events along the coast of Guangdong, southern China in 1998","volume":"512","author":"Qi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0096","first-page":"206","article-title":"Taxonomic studies on red tide causative dinoflagellates in Dapeng Bay","volume":"25","author":"Qi","year":"1994","journal-title":"South China Sea. Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0097","first-page":"132","article-title":"Outbreak of Chattonella marina red tide and its relations to ecological parameters in Dapeng Bay","volume":"25","author":"Qi","year":"1994","journal-title":"South China Sea. Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0098","first-page":"87","article-title":"Dinoflagellate cysts from recent marine sediments of the South and East China Seas","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Asian Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0099","unstructured":"Qi, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Ou, L., Wang, H., Xie, X., Rong, A., L\u00fc, S., 2008. Evolution and causes of formation of Cochlodinium geminatum (Sch\u00fctt) Sch\u00fctt blooms in the coast of Zhuhai, China. Abstracts of the 5th international symposium on targeted HAB species in the East Asia Waters, p. 19, Hangzhou, China."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0100","first-page":"191","article-title":"The investigation of red tide disaster and its causation in coastal waters of Haizhou bay","volume":"3","author":"Qian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071346","article-title":"Apical groove type and molecular phylogeny suggests reclassification of Cochlodinium geminatum asPolykrikos geminatum","volume":"8","author":"Qiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.3390\/md8072021","article-title":"Palytoxin and analogs: biological and ecological effects","volume":"8","author":"Ramos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3390\/md12010394","article-title":"Dinophysis toxins: causative organisms, distribution and fate in shellfish","volume":"12","author":"Reguera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2013.02.004","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships of Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) from the Mediterranean Sea and the implications of its global biogeography","volume":"25","author":"Re\u00f1\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.2216\/11-19.1","article-title":"Dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum identified as the causative organism of pinnatoxins in Australia, New Zealand and Japan","volume":"50","author":"Rhodes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2009.08.013","article-title":"The catastrophic 2008\u20132009 red tide in the Arabian gulf region, with observations on the identification and phylogeny of the fish-killing dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides","volume":"9","author":"Richlen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/19970504NT7","article-title":"Identification of Protoceratium reticulatum as the biogenetic origin of yessotoxin","volume":"5","author":"Satake","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Toxins"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2014.08.056","article-title":"Pinnatoxin H: a new pinnatoxin analogue from a South China Sea Vulcanodinium rugosum isolate","volume":"55","author":"Selwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0110","first-page":"557","article-title":"Study on species diversity of dinoflagellate cysts in the central of north Yellow Sea and Sishili Bay","volume":"31","author":"Shao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.09.009","article-title":"Morphology and bloom dynamics of Cochlodinium geminatum (Sch\u00fctt) Sch\u00fctt in the Pearl River Estuary, South China Sea","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0112","article-title":"Phylogeny, growth and toxicity of the noxious red-tide dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei in Japan","volume":"36","author":"Shikata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0113","first-page":"425","article-title":"The causes and bloom process of a red tide species\u2014Chattonella marina in the coastal area of rushan, Shandong province","volume":"42","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0114","first-page":"93","article-title":"Evolution and formation causes of Alexandrium tamarense red tide in the sea area of the Nanhuangcheng Island","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.1998.340431.x","article-title":"First report of Gymnodinium pulchellum (Dinophyceae) in north America and associated fish kills in the Indian river","volume":"34","author":"Steidinger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Florida. J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0116","first-page":"227","article-title":"Dinoflagellates collected from aquaculture ponds in southern Taiwan","volume":"39","author":"Su","year":"1991","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Phycol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0117","first-page":"132","article-title":"Phytoplankton in northern South China Sea in the winter of 2004","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, K., Lum, W. M., Benico, G., Uchida, H., Ozawa, M., Oikawa, H., Suzuki, T., Nguyen, N.V., Ha, D.V., Iwataki, M. (2021). Toxigenic strains of Azadinium poporum (Amphidomataceae, Dinophyceae) from Japan and Vietnam, with first reports of A. poporum (ribotype A) and A. trinitatum in Asian Pacific. Phycol. Res. doi: 10.1111\/pre.12455.","DOI":"10.1111\/pre.12455"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-012-1142-7","article-title":"Application of rRNA probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization for rapid detection of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum","volume":"30","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-006-0396-z","article-title":"Dinoflagellate Alexandrium leei (Dinophyceae) from Singapore coastal waters produces a water-soluble ichthyotoxin","volume":"150","author":"Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2012.01135.x","article-title":"Report of a bloom-forming dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha from tropical coastal waters of singapore","volume":"48","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15196","article-title":"3,000 km and 1,500-year presence of Aureococcus anophagefferens reveals indigenous origin of brown tides in China","volume":"28","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/09670262.2011.556753","article-title":"A new non-toxic species in the dinoflagellate genus Azadinium: A. poporum sp. nov","volume":"46","author":"Tillmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.07.038","article-title":"Yessotoxins: A toxicological overview","volume":"56","author":"Tubaro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2011.05.137","article-title":"Occurrence of 12-methylgymnodimine in a spirolide-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium peruvianum and the biogenetic implications","volume":"52","author":"Van Wagoner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0126","first-page":"757","article-title":"Morphology and phylogeny of dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides from the East China Sea","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"issue":"A01","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0127","first-page":"15","article-title":"The preliminary investigation of potentially toxic algae and bio-toxin in Changjiang Estuary","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.05.003","article-title":"Cryptic speciation in Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae): Evidence from morphological, molecular and ecophysiological data","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111400","article-title":"A preliminary study on the allelopathy and toxicity of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Poll. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0130","series-title":"Research on the biology and ecology of the harmful algal bloom species Phaeocystis globosa in China: progresses in the last 20 years","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1259.2012.00125","article-title":"Species Diversity and Eco-geographical distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the Bohai Sea","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"China. Chin. Bull. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0132","first-page":"115","article-title":"Recurrent toxic blooms of Alexandrium spp. in the East China Sea-potential role of Taiwan warm current in bloom initiation","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0485.2004.00035.x","article-title":"Dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from Chinese coastal waters","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-40-3-298.1","article-title":"First record of blooms of Cochlodinium sp. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) causing mortality to aquacultured salmon on the west coast of Canada","volume":"40","author":"Whyte","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1071\/MF14215","article-title":"Ciguatera toxins in wild coral reef fish along the southern coast of China","volume":"66","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Freshwat. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-018-1296-z","article-title":"Heterocapsa bohaiensis sp. nov. (Peridiniales: Dinophyceae): a novel marine dinoflagellate from the Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea","volume":"37","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"China. Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.10.051","article-title":"Warming and eutrophication combine to restructure diatoms and dinoflagellates","volume":"128","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13031","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b03726","article-title":"Warming amplifies the frequency of harmful algal blooms with eutrophication in Chinese coastal waters","volume":"53","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0139","first-page":"13","article-title":"Molecular identification of a bloom-forming species isolated from Sanggou Bay in Shandong Province","volume":"36","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3354\/ame01846","article-title":"Acute toxicity of the cosmopolitan bloom-forming dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea to finfish, shellfish, and zooplankton","volume":"80","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquat. Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13020161","article-title":"Molecular identification and toxin analysis of Alexandrium spp. in the Beibu Gulf: First report of toxic A. tamiyavanichii in Chinese coastal waters","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0142","first-page":"57","article-title":"Distribution and abundance of resting cysts of the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and A. catenella in 2006 and 2007 in Osaka Bay","volume":"73","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull. Jap. Fish. Ocean."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2216\/i0031-8884-39-6-463.1","article-title":"Karenia digitata sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new harmful algal bloom species from the coastal waters of west Japan and Hong Kong","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0144","first-page":"17","article-title":"A bloom of Heterosigma akashiwo and its correlation with environmental factors","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aquaculture"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.43.1021","article-title":"Finding of a dinoflagellate as a likely culprit of ciguatera","volume":"43","author":"Yasumoto","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315405011690","article-title":"Characterization of a Karenia papilionacea-like dinoflagellate from the South China Sea","volume":"85","author":"Yeung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124661","article-title":"Transcriptomic responses of Artemia salina exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of Alexandrium minutum cells or Gonyautoxin2\/3","volume":"238","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0148","first-page":"516","article-title":"Process Analysis for Harmful Bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea in Sishili Bay of Yantai","volume":"27","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0149","first-page":"1167","article-title":"Harmful algal blooms in the coastal waters of China: Current situation, long-term changes and prevention strategies","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Acad. J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0150","first-page":"66","article-title":"Analysis of a red tide event by the newly recorded dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the East China Sea","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocean Dev. Man."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.2012.719911","article-title":"The first report of Vulcanodinium rugosum (Dinophyceae) from the South China Sea with a focus on the life cycle","volume":"46","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0152","first-page":"1252","article-title":"Morphological and ultrastructural comparison and phylogenetic analyses for the East Asian and American\/Malaysian ribotypes of Margalefidinium polykrikoides","volume":"50","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oceanol. Limnol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsma.2020.101397","article-title":"Wind-driven development and transport of Gymnodinium catenatum blooms along the coast of Fujian, China","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regional studies in marine science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2216\/15-8.1","article-title":"Morphotypes of Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea: morphological and molecular characterization","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phycologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/pre.12192","article-title":"Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Ostreopsis cf. ovata and O. lenticularis (Dinophyceae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phycol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/pre.12137","article-title":"First report of three benthic dinoflagellates, Gambierdiscus pacificus, G. australes and G. caribaeus (Dinophyceae), from Hainan Island, South China Sea","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phycol. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0157","first-page":"602","article-title":"Observation of a red tide in Western Harbour of Xiamen","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0158","unstructured":"Zhao, R., 2016. Comparative study of Dinophysis fortii in the coastal waters of Dalian and Dinophysis acuminata of the United States. Dalian Ocean University, MS thesis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0159","first-page":"663","article-title":"Production of palytoxins by two strains of Ostreopsis sp. (Dinophyceae) from Weizhou island, Guangxi, China","volume":"26","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0160","first-page":"121","article-title":"Studies on the cyst of red-tide organisms in Dapeng Bay","volume":"16","author":"Zheng","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Jinan Uni. (Natural Science)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0161","first-page":"33","article-title":"The isolation and bioactivities of pinnatoxin","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0162","first-page":"118","article-title":"Research on red tide organism-one of new trends of marine planktology","volume":"1","author":"Zheng","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0163","first-page":"32","article-title":"Microscopic observations and molecular identification of toxic unarmoured dinoflagellates Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae) from the East China Sea (ECS)","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Sci. Bull."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0164","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Preliminary analysis of the characteristics of red tide areas in Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent sea. Chin","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0165","first-page":"9","article-title":"Study on the red tides caused by Noctiluca scientillans and Ceratium furca in Liaodong Bay","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fisheries Sci"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2014.09.056","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny and PSP toxin profile of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex along the coast of China","volume":"89","author":"Zou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Poll. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0167","first-page":"41","article-title":"Preliminary studies on the problem of eutrophication and red tides in Bohai Bay","volume":"2","author":"Zou","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111313","article-title":"The first benthic harmful dinoflagellate bloom in China: Morphology and toxicology of Prorocentrum concavum","volume":"158","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Poll. Bull."}],"container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568988321000895?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568988321000895?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:07:04Z","timestamp":1761599224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568988321000895"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":167,"alternative-id":["S1568988321000895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emerging harmful algal bloom species over the last four decades in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Harmful Algae","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102059"}}