{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:55:57Z","timestamp":1792036557015,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010040","name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013143","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:38:30Z","timestamp":1780760310000},"page":"103159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Toxin partitioning and sxtA4 expression in Alexandrium catenella under excess nitrogen supply"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Ziru","family":"Lian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren-Cheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2023.102473","article-title":"Effects of nitrate on the saxitoxins biosynthesis revealed by sxt genes in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum (group IV)","volume":"127","author":"Abassi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/md18020103","article-title":"Biosynthesis of saxitoxin in marine dinoflagellates: an omics perspective","volume":"18","author":"Akbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Drug."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3390\/md21090497","article-title":"Nutrient deficiencies impact on the cellular and metabolic responses of saxitoxin producing Alexandrium minutum: a transcriptomic perspective","volume":"21","author":"Akbar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Drug."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2011.10.012","article-title":"The globally distributed genus Alexandrium: multifaceted roles in marine ecosystems and impacts on human health","volume":"14","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00042","article-title":"Paralytic toxin producing dinoflagellates in Latin America: ecology and physiology","volume":"6","author":"Band-Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060905","article-title":"First detection of paralytic shellfish toxins from Alexandrium pacificum above the regulatory limit in blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in New South Wales","volume":"8","author":"Barua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australia. Microorganisms"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13080544","article-title":"In vitro effects of paralytic shellfish toxins and lytic extracellular compounds produced by Alexandrium strains on hemocyte integrity and function in Mytilus edulis","volume":"13","author":"Bianchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13152127","article-title":"Phosphorous utilization in microalgae: physiological aspects and applied implications","volume":"13","author":"Bossa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16050210","article-title":"Environmental factors modulate saxitoxins (STXs) production in toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium: an updated review of STXs and synthesis gene aspects","volume":"16","author":"Bui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0010","first-page":"17","article-title":"The use of pigment \u201cfingerprints\u201d in the study of harmful algal blooms","volume":"52","author":"Bustillos-Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. Biol. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2024.106550","article-title":"Toxin production and transcriptomic response to nitrate concentrations in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense","volume":"198","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2020.101972","article-title":"SxtA localizes to chloroplasts and changes to its 3\u2032 UTR may reduce toxin biosynthesis in non-toxic Alexandrium catenella (Group I)","volume":"101","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39708-y","article-title":"Metabolomic study of saxitoxin analogues and biosynthetic intermediates in dinoflagellates using 15N-labelled sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source","volume":"9","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-010-0406-5","article-title":"Characterization of paralytic shellfish toxins in seawater and sardines (Sardina pilchardus) during blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum","volume":"655","author":"Costa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-1720-3","article-title":"Identification of promoter elements in the Dolichospermum circinale AWQC131C saxitoxin gene cluster and the experimental analysis of their use for heterologous expression","volume":"20","author":"D\u2019Agostino","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Microb."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.05014-11","article-title":"Cell biology of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis","volume":"76","author":"Davy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0017","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO, 2016. Toxicity equivalence factors for marine biotoxins associated with bivalve molluscs. p. 108."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17018","article-title":"Effect of dissolved metabolites of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Graham, 1943) on the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931): a histological study","volume":"9","author":"Flores-Chavarria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00417-15","article-title":"High specificity of a quantitative PCR assay targeting a saxitoxin gene for monitoring toxic algae associated with paralytic shellfish toxins in the Yellow Sea","volume":"81","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.613199","article-title":"From the sxtA4 gene to saxitoxin production: what controls the variability among Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium pacificum strains?","volume":"12","author":"Geffroy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1139\/m62-029","article-title":"Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt, and Detonula confervacea (cleve) Gran","volume":"8","author":"Guillard","year":"1962","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss142","article-title":"Evolution of saxitoxin synthesis in cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates","volume":"30","author":"Hackett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4044","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00353-08","article-title":"Biosynthetic intermediate analysis and functional homology reveal a saxitoxin gene cluster in cyanobacteria","volume":"74","author":"Kellmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/md19060291","article-title":"Low temperature and cold stress significantly increase saxitoxins (STXs) and expression of STX biosynthesis genes sxtA4 and sxtG in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-023-03159-w","article-title":"Promoter regions of sxtA and sxtG reveal relationship between saxitoxin biosynthesis and photosynthesis in toxic Alexandrium catenella","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2008.01.025","article-title":"Competition for phosphorus between two dinoflagellates: a toxic Alexandrium minutum and a non-toxic Heterocapsa triquetra","volume":"358","author":"Labry","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NP00009H","article-title":"Marine paralytic shellfish toxins: chemical properties, mode of action, newer analogues, and structure-toxicity relationship","volume":"39","author":"Leal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2012.08.009","article-title":"Effects of different nitrate and phosphate concentrations on the growth and toxin production of an Alexandrium tamarense strain collected from Drake Passage","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132869","article-title":"CO2 enrichment and excess nitrogen supply synergistically increase toxicity of marine dinoflagellate alexandrium minutum","volume":"463","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741266","article-title":"Dynamic variations in profile of intra and extracellular paralytic shellfish toxins during the growth cycle of Alexandrium species and their accumulation in mussels","volume":"592","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128627","article-title":"Rising CO2 will increase toxicity of marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum","volume":"431","author":"Lian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-009-9443-8","article-title":"Growth and toxin production of tropical Alexandrium minutum Halim (Dinophyceae) under various nitrogen to phosphorus ratios","volume":"22","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133896","article-title":"Potential roles of hydroxybenzoate paralytic shellfish toxins in modulating toxin biokinetics in scallops","volume":"469","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111042","article-title":"First determination of extracellular paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in the culture medium of toxigenic dinoflagellates by HILIC\u2013HRMS","volume":"204","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.06.017","article-title":"Gene duplication, loss and selection in the evolution of saxitoxin biosynthesis in alveolates","volume":"92","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51074-3","article-title":"Evaluation of sxtA and rDNA qPCR assays through monitoring of an inshore bloom of Alexandrium catenella Group 1","volume":"9","author":"Murray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13048","article-title":"Elevated Na+ and pH influence the production and transport of saxitoxin in the cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis AWQC131C and cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3","volume":"18","author":"Ongley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5258","DOI":"10.3390\/md12105258","article-title":"SxtA and sxtG gene expression and toxin production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)","volume":"12","author":"Perini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2023.115802","article-title":"Growth and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin production by a Mexican dinoflagellate strain of Alexandrium tamiyavanichii Balech (1994) under different nutrient conditions","volume":"198","author":"Pichardo-Velarde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23187","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c10666","article-title":"Tissue-specific accumulation, toxicological effects, and detoxification strategies in the mysid Neomysis awatschensis exposed to dissolved paralytic shellfish toxins","volume":"59","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0589-3","article-title":"Saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin bioavailability increases in future oceans","volume":"9","author":"Roggatz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2023.102428","article-title":"Proteomic and toxicological analysis of the response of dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella to changes in NaNO3 concentration","volume":"125","author":"Saldivia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-019-01831-8","article-title":"Luxury phosphorus uptake in microalgae","volume":"31","author":"Solovchenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2023.102516","article-title":"Novel insights into toxin changes associated with the growth of Alexandrium pacificum: revealing active toxin-secretion ability and toxin cell quota variation","volume":"129","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055664","article-title":"In silico analysis of putative paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins export proteins in cyanobacteria","volume":"8","author":"Soto-Liebe","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00399","article-title":"Considerations in harmful algal bloom research and monitoring: perspectives from a consensus-building workshop and technology testing","volume":"6","author":"Stauffer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020096","article-title":"Discovery of nuclear-encoded genes for the neurotoxin saxitoxin in dinoflagellates","volume":"6","author":"St\u00fcken","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00404","article-title":"Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains","volume":"6","author":"St\u00fcken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0050","series-title":"IMAP monitoring guidelines for common indicators 13 and 14: Sampling and analysis of seawater for nutrients and chlorophyll a","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7080222","article-title":"The genetic basis of toxin biosynthesis in dinoflagellates","volume":"7","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149801","article-title":"Temperature influences the content and biosynthesis gene expression of saxitoxins (STXs) in the toxigenic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum","volume":"802","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.108177","article-title":"CHEMTAX analysis of phytoplankton assemblages revealed potential indicators for blooms of haptophyte phaeocystis globosa","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2024.102730","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of dissolved paralytic shellfish toxins in seawater in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, China","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.3390\/md8072185","article-title":"Neurotoxic alkaloids: saxitoxin and its analogs","volume":"8","author":"Wiese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Drug."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0056","article-title":"Multiple toxicological effects of paralytic shellfish toxins and their producing microalgae on diverse aquatic organisms","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water Biol. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09879","article-title":"Pigment-based chloroplast types in dinoflagellates","volume":"465","author":"Zapata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2024.102734","article-title":"Predator-induced defense decreases growth rate and photoprotective capacity in a nitrogen-limited dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum","volume":"139","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."}],"container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568988326001113?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568988326001113?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:20:53Z","timestamp":1790094053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568988326001113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S1568988326001113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toxin partitioning and sxtA4 expression in Alexandrium catenella under excess nitrogen supply","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Harmful Algae","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103159","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103159"}}