{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:08:24Z","timestamp":1790096904018,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20251930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20251930"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T13:35:20Z","timestamp":1785072920000},"page":"103185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Physiological and transcriptomic responses of Heterosigma akashiwo to nitrogen deficiency and urea utilization"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxia","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9199-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanjing","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6281","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv340","article-title":"Whole-cell response to nitrogen deprivation in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum","volume":"66","author":"Alipanah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02804901","article-title":"Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: nutrient sources, composition, and consequences","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-019-1496-3","article-title":"Increased urea availability promotes adjustments in C\/N metabolism and lipid content without impacting growth in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"15","author":"Batista","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqac012","article-title":"Rethinking mitchell\u2019s chemiosmotic theory: potassium dominates over proton flux to drive mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase","volume":"3","author":"Bertero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2010.02.001","article-title":"Inorganic and organic nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the stratified mid-atlantic bight","volume":"88","author":"Bradley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-022-02813-z","article-title":"Low salinity causes oxidative stress and modulates specific antioxidant gene expression in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum","volume":"34","author":"Bui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-019-01811-y","article-title":"Transcriptome and key gene expression related to carbon metabolism and fatty acid synthesis of Chlorella vulgaris under a nitrogen starvation and phosphorus repletion regime","volume":"31","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(03)00051-1","article-title":"Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation","volume":"43","author":"Coleman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2014.05.008","article-title":"Comparing diatom and Alexandrium catenella\/tamarense blooms in Thau lagoon: importance of dissolved organic nitrogen in seasonally N-limited systems","volume":"37","author":"Collos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00639","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of Scrippsiella trochoidea CCMP 3099 reveals physiological changes related to nitrate depletion","volume":"7","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.07.056","article-title":"Cyanobacterial toxins: modes of actions, fate in aquatic and soil ecosystems, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in agricultural crops","volume":"96","author":"Corbel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2009.00781.x","article-title":"Nitrate reductase (NR1) sequence and expression in the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo (raphidophyceae) 1","volume":"46","author":"Coyne","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05760-y","article-title":"Coastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century","volume":"615","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0014","first-page":"845","article-title":"Phospholipase D in endocytosis and endosomal recycling pathways","volume":"1791","author":"Donaldson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0015","article-title":"Understanding strategy of nitrate and urea assimilation in a Chinese strain of Aureococcus anophagefferens through RNA-seq analysis","volume":"9","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3354\/meps061183","article-title":"The interaction between ammonium and nitrate uptake in phytoplankton","volume":"61","author":"Dortch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9883(03)00047-7","article-title":"Characterization of the affinity for nitrogen, uptake kinetics, and environmental relationships for Prorocentrum minimum in natural blooms and laboratory cultures","volume":"2","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-6834-7-17","article-title":"Lipid accumulation and biosynthesis genes response of the oleaginous Chlorella pyrenoidosa under three nutrition stressors","volume":"7","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2015.03.014","article-title":"Endocytosis and its regulation in plants","volume":"20","author":"Fan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2010.55.3.1213","article-title":"Experimental evidence that pollution with urea can degrade water quality in phosphorus-rich lakes of the northern great plains","volume":"55","author":"Finlay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22482","article-title":"Regulation of PIP5K activity by Arf6 and its physiological significance","volume":"226","author":"Funakoshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400882","article-title":"The SM protein VPS-45 is required for RAB-5-dependent endocytic transport in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"8","author":"Gengyo-Ando","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2017.110","article-title":"Globally changing nutrient loads and harmful algal blooms: recent advances, new paradigms, and continuing challenges","volume":"30","author":"Glibert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-005-3070-5","article-title":"Escalating worldwide use of urea \u2013 a global change contributing to coastal eutrophication","volume":"77","author":"Glibert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2019.101731","article-title":"Climate change and harmful algal blooms: insights and perspective","volume":"91","author":"Gobler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102059","article-title":"Emerging harmful algal bloom species over the last four decades in China","volume":"111","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1139\/m62-029","article-title":"Studies of marine planktonic diatoms: i. Cyclotella nana hustedt, and Detonula confervacea (cleve) gran","volume":"8","author":"Guillard","year":"1962","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2017.07.001","article-title":"Transcriptional response of the harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo to nitrate and phosphate stress","volume":"68","author":"Haley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101992","article-title":"Global harmful algal bloom status reporting","volume":"102","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3530411","article-title":"Mitochondrial respiratory chain-dependent generation of superoxide anion and its release into the intermembrane space","volume":"353","author":"Han","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124148","article-title":"Nitrogenous nutrients promote the growth and toxicity of Dinophysis acuminata during estuarine bloom events","volume":"10","author":"Hattenrath-Lehmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2008.08.006","article-title":"Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: a scientific consensus","volume":"8","author":"Heisler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.1999.3520403.x","article-title":"Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae","volume":"35","author":"Hillebrand","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.184333","article-title":"The response of diatom central carbon metabolism to nitrogen starvation is different from that of green algae and higher plants","volume":"158","author":"Hockin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2006.06.003","article-title":"Nitrogenous preference of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia australis (bacillariophyceae) from field and laboratory experiments","volume":"6","author":"Howard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2015.04.023","article-title":"The effect of nitrogen limitation on the physiology and metabolism of chlorella vulgaris var L3","volume":"10","author":"Ikaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14045","article-title":"Metatranscriptome analysis reveals environmental and diel regulation of a Heterosigma akashiwo (raphidophyceae) bloom","volume":"20","author":"Ji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2024.102601","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo under a 24-hour light-dark cycle","volume":"133","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2022.102267","article-title":"Transcriptomic response of the harmful algae Heterosigma akashiwo to polyphosphate utilization and phosphate stress","volume":"117","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0040","article-title":"Utilization of various forms of nitrogen and expression regulation of transporters in the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)","volume":"92","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes8020067","article-title":"Physiological and transcriptomic response of asiatic hard clam Meretrix meretrix to the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo","volume":"8","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fishes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187837","article-title":"Utilization of urea and expression profiles of related genes in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense","volume":"12","author":"Jing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2007.08.003","article-title":"A novel Heterosigma akashiwo (raphidophyceae) bloom extending from a south carolina bay to offshore waters","volume":"7","author":"Kempton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2023.102521","article-title":"Comprehensive understanding of the life history of harmful raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo: integrating in situ and in vitro observations","volume":"129","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01064","article-title":"Urea is both a carbon and nitrogen source for Microcystis aeruginosa: tracking 13C incorporation at bloom pH conditions","volume":"10","author":"Krausfeldt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.01.015","article-title":"Variability in toxicity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense in response to different nitrogen sources and concentrations","volume":"43","author":"Leong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143013","article-title":"Transcriptome profiling reveals versatile dissolved organic nitrogen utilization, mixotrophy, and N conservation in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum shikokuense under N deficiency","volume":"763","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2015.05.013","article-title":"Effects of phosphorus deficiency and adenosine 5\u2032-triphosphate (ATP) on growth and cell cycle of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141906","article-title":"Physiological and transcriptomic responses to N-deficiency and ammonium: nitrate shift in Fugacium kawagutii (Symbiodiniaceae)","volume":"753","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00631","article-title":"Changes in gene expression of Prymnesium parvum induced by nitrogen and phosphorus limitation","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6172","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1639-4","article-title":"Influence of exogenous urea on photosynthetic pigments, 14CO2 uptake, and urease activity in elodea densa\u2014environmental implications","volume":"20","author":"Maleva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13556","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4600-x","article-title":"Urea-induced oxidative damage in elodea densa leaves","volume":"22","author":"Maleva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121239","article-title":"Physiological and molecular responses to urea environment in Cladocopium goreaui (symbiodiniaceae)","volume":"273","author":"Manullang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3787","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti430","article-title":"Automated genome annotation and pathway identification using the KEGG orthology (KO) as a controlled vocabulary","volume":"21","author":"Mao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pocean.2022.102921","article-title":"Extreme harmful algal blooms, climate change, and potential risk of eutrophication in patagonian fjords: insights from an exceptional Heterosigma akashiwo fish-killing event","volume":"210","author":"Mardones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fbp135","article-title":"Growth response of six strains of Heterosigma akashiwo to varying temperature, salinity and irradiance conditions","volume":"32","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Plankton Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres14010012","article-title":"Heterosigma akashiwo, a fish-killing flagellate","volume":"14","author":"Mehdizadeh Allaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00362","article-title":"Nitrogen limitation of the summer phytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryote communities in the Chukchi sea","volume":"5","author":"Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2019.07.007","article-title":"RAB GTPases and their effectors in plant endosomal transport","volume":"52","author":"Minamino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0060","first-page":"957","article-title":"Lipid biosynthesis","volume":"7","author":"Ohlrogge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28228-y","article-title":"New insights on the role of nitrogen in the resistance to environmental stress in an endosymbiotic dinoflagellate","volume":"30","author":"Oliveira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1139\/f86-301","article-title":"Nickel ion requirements for autotrophic growth of several marine microalgae with urea serving as nitrogen source","volume":"43","author":"Oliveira","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122665","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the harmful dinoflagellate Heterocapsa bohaiensis under varied nutrient stress conditions","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2016.00186","article-title":"Suffocating phytoplankton, suffocating waters\u2014red tides and anoxia","volume":"3","author":"Pitcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103087","article-title":"Urea as a rising driver of harmful algal blooms: integrating global patterns, metabolic pathways, and ecological consequences","volume":"155","author":"Qin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1612483113","article-title":"Cryptophyte farming by symbiotic ciliate host detected in situ","volume":"113","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2005.3.290","article-title":"Urea analysis in coastal waters: comparison of enzymatic and direct methods: comparison of methods for urea analysis","volume":"3","author":"Revilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101977","article-title":"Transcriptome responses of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi driven by nitrogen deficiency","volume":"103","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101635","article-title":"Superoxide production by the red tide-producing Chattonella marina complex (raphidophyceae) correlates with toxicity to aquacultured fishes","volume":"10","author":"Shikata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0070","article-title":"A practical handbook of seawater analysis","author":"Strickland","year":"1972","journal-title":"Fish. Res. Board Can. Ott"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076663","article-title":"Behavioral and physiological changes during benthic-pelagic transition in the harmful alga, Heterosigma akashiwo: potential for rapid bloom formation","volume":"8","author":"Tobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240458997","article-title":"A cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase regulates differentiation of root initial cells in Arabidopsis","volume":"97","author":"Umeda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5325.494","article-title":"Human domination of Earth\u2019s ecosystems","volume":"277","author":"Vitousek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102058","article-title":"Coastal eutrophication in China: trend, sources, and ecological effects","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harmful Algae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0075","first-page":"343","article-title":"Capacity of Heterosigma akashiwo to utilize organic nitrogen","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0076","article-title":"A rapid and high-throughput microplate spectrophotometric method for field measurement of nitrate in seawater and freshwater","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116690","article-title":"Investigating the molecular mechanisms of Pseudalteromonas sp. LD-B1\u2019s algicidal effects on the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo","volume":"282","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-6834-6-67","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neutral lipid accumulation in diatom following nitrogen deprivation","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-2-r14","article-title":"Gene ontology analysis for RNA-seq: accounting for selection bias","volume":"11","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01425-19","article-title":"Functional differences in the blooming phytoplankton Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum donghaiense revealed by comparative metaproteomics","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-023-02396-y","article-title":"A phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase is involved in the regulation of phospholipids homeostasis in oleaginous Aurantiochytrium sp","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels Bioprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0082","article-title":"Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ROS generation and uncoupling (review)","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2019.109487","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of Haematococcus pluvialis of multiple defensive systems against nitrogen starvation","volume":"134","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Technol."}],"container-title":["Harmful Algae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S156898832600137X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S156898832600137X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:17:57Z","timestamp":1790093877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S156898832600137X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S156898832600137X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physiological and transcriptomic responses of Heterosigma akashiwo to nitrogen deficiency and urea utilization","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Harmful Algae","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hal.2026.103185","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103185"}}