{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:37:34Z","timestamp":1792795054771,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatobiliary &amp; Pancreatic Diseases International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T11:36:26Z","timestamp":1685792186000},"page":"444-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Meng-Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Gao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.002","article-title":"2019 Global NAFLD prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S302","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0329","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the pathologist's perspective","volume":"29","author":"Leow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32542","article-title":"NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma: the growing challenge","volume":"77","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","article-title":"Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Romeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i17.4987","article-title":"NAFLD prevalence differs among hispanic subgroups: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Fleischman","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6969","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i41.6969","article-title":"PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism and progressive liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Dongiovanni","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.08.011","article-title":"Heritability of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis based on a prospective twin study","volume":"149","author":"Loomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0461","article-title":"Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Lewis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.06.003","article-title":"Fatty acids activate the transcriptional coactivator YAP1 to promote liver fibrosis via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase","volume":"12","author":"Salloum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0009","article-title":"Causes and metabolic consequences of fatty liver","volume":"29","author":"Stefan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34275","article-title":"Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: lessons from genetically engineered mice","volume":"118","author":"Postic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.10.018","article-title":"Does the human placenta delivered at term have a microbiota? Results of cultivation, quantitative real-time PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metagenomics","volume":"220","author":"Theis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05546-8","article-title":"Questioning the fetal microbiome illustrates pitfalls of low-biomass microbial studies","volume":"613","author":"Kennedy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-005-0020-3","article-title":"Isolation of commensal bacteria from umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates born by cesarean section","volume":"51","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1159\/000339182","article-title":"Probiotics modulate host-microbe interaction in the placenta and fetal gut: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"102","author":"Rautava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4578","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000081107","article-title":"Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome","volume":"108","author":"Koenig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053","article-title":"Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography","volume":"486","author":"Yatsunenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002601107","article-title":"Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns","volume":"107","author":"Dominguez-Bello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12522","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1409497111","article-title":"Patterned progression of bacterial populations in the premature infant gut","volume":"111","author":"La Rosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2016.04.013","article-title":"Exploring the contribution of maternal antibiotics and breastfeeding to development of the infant microbiome and pediatric obesity","volume":"21","author":"Lemas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2206505","article-title":"Maternal microbe-specific modulation of the offspring microbiome and development during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517","article-title":"Current understanding of the human microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.12.053","article-title":"Cross-differentiation from the CD8 lineage to CD4 T cells in the gut-associated microenvironment with a nonessential role of microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Lui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0011-z","article-title":"The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030820","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan","volume":"12","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356","article-title":"The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282f4710a","article-title":"Bile acid levels are increased in the liver of patients with steatohepatitis","volume":"20","author":"Aranha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.028","article-title":"Microbiome signatures associated with steatohepatitis and moderate to severe fibrosis in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"157","author":"Schwimmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.005","article-title":"Microbiota-driven gut vascular barrier disruption is a prerequisite for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development","volume":"71","author":"Mouries","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22848","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Miele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0303-2","article-title":"Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease","volume":"8","author":"Boulang\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31056","article-title":"Increased liver localization of lipopolysaccharides in human and experimental NAFLD","volume":"72","author":"Carpino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0034","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis: therapeutic targets and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.041","article-title":"Hepatocyte pyroptosis and release of inflammasome particles induce stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis","volume":"74","author":"Gaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02566","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02566-18","article-title":"Dynamics of human gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in response to dietary interventions with three fermentable fibers","volume":"10","author":"Baxter","year":"2019","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.153","article-title":"The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents","volume":"39","author":"Psichas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9949","article-title":"Microbiota-activated PPAR-\u03b3 signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion","volume":"357","author":"Byndloss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726","article-title":"Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation","volume":"504","author":"Arpaia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1213","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids protect against high-fat diet-induced obesity via a PPAR\u03b3-dependent switch from lipogenesis to fat oxidation","volume":"64","author":"den Besten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2852","article-title":"The gut microbiota suppresses insulin-mediated fat accumulation via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43","volume":"4","author":"Kimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08530","article-title":"Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43","volume":"461","author":"Maslowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-20-0018","article-title":"SCFAs alleviated steatosis and inflammation in mice with NASH induced by MCD","volume":"245","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618804444","article-title":"Fecal SCFAs and SCFA-producing bacteria in gut microbiome of human NAFLD as a putative link to systemic T-cell activation and advanced disease","volume":"6","author":"Rau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Unit Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.09.004","article-title":"Dysregulated microbial fermentation of soluble fiber induces cholestatic liver cancer","volume":"175","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist","volume":"17","author":"Sayin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00508002","article-title":"Hydrolysis of bile acid conjugates by Clostridium bifermentans","volume":"14","author":"Archer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Microbio Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.33.1.15-18.1977","article-title":"Deconjugation of bile acids by intestinal lactobacilli","volume":"33","author":"Gilliland","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13580","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804437105","article-title":"Functional and comparative metagenomic analysis of bile salt hydrolase activity in the human gut microbiome","volume":"105","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R500013-JLR200","article-title":"Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria","volume":"47","author":"Ridlon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3776-8","article-title":"Altered bile acid metabolome in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"60","author":"Ferslew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114664","article-title":"Altered bile acid composition and disposition in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"379","author":"Suga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154457","article-title":"Bile acids profile, histopathological indices and genetic variants for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression","volume":"116","author":"Nimer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61933-4","article-title":"Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.049","article-title":"Association between composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and development of fatty liver with choline deficiency","volume":"140","author":"Spencer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21851","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301982200","article-title":"A gender-specific role for phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-derived phosphatidylcholine in the regulation of plasma high density and very low density lipoproteins in mice","volume":"278","author":"Noga","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.1.68","article-title":"Choline deficiency-induced liver damage is reversible in Pemt(-\/-) mice","volume":"132","author":"Waite","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36258","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.265348","article-title":"Deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase in mice perturbs choline and 1-carbon metabolism, resulting in fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinomas","volume":"286","author":"Teng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3580com","article-title":"Polymorphism of the PEMT gene and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.147496","article-title":"Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) induces mitochondrial proton leak and increases susceptibility of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver to ischaemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"57","author":"Serviddio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.12.2471","article-title":"Alterations in nucleotide pools in rats fed diets deficient in choline, methionine and\/or folic acid","volume":"13","author":"James","year":"1992","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.07.046","article-title":"Stress signaling in the methionine-choline-deficient model of murine fatty liver disease","volume":"139","author":"Soon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247378","article-title":"Stool metabolome-microbiota evaluation among children and adolescents with obesity, overweight, and normal-weight using 1H NMR and 16S rRNA gene profiling","volume":"16","author":"Jaimes","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19076","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19076","article-title":"Associations of gut-flora-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine and choline with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900257","article-title":"Trimethylamine N-oxide aggravates liver steatosis through modulation of bile acid metabolism and inhibition of farnesoid X receptor signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"63","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02016-6","article-title":"Microbiome-derived ethanol in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Meijnikman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.08.018","article-title":"Fatty liver disease caused by high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"30","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(70)90982-4","article-title":"Hepatic microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS): differentiation from alcohol dehydrogenase and NADPH oxidase","volume":"40","author":"Lieber","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0014-7","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"4","author":"Seitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29892","article-title":"Link between gut-microbiome derived metabolite and shared gene-effects with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD","volume":"68","author":"Caussy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0061-3","article-title":"Molecular phenomics and metagenomics of hepatic steatosis in non-diabetic obese women","volume":"24","author":"Hoyles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.001","article-title":"Gut microbiome-based metagenomic signature for non-invasive detection of advanced fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"25","author":"Loomba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.759306","article-title":"Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000661","article-title":"Allogenic fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease improves abnormal small intestinal permeability: a randomized control trial","volume":"115","author":"Craven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7386","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8500","article-title":"Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on metabolic factors in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"97","author":"Nabavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093192","article-title":"The effect of probiotics (MCP\u00ae BCMC\u00ae strains) on hepatic steatosis, small intestinal mucosal immune function, and intestinal barrier in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Mohamad Nor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42059-3","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a multispecies probiotic mixture in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040937","article-title":"Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of inulin with metronidazole in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"12","author":"Chong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1721-2","article-title":"Histological improvement of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with a prebiotic: a pilot clinical trial","volume":"58","author":"Bomhof","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15367","article-title":"Effects of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on metabolic parameters, liver aminotransferases, and systemic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"85","author":"Behrouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1887-4","article-title":"Bifidobacterium longum with fructo-oligosaccharides in patients with non alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"57","author":"Malaguarnera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy088","article-title":"Daily consumption of synbiotic yogurt decreases liver steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"148","author":"Bakhshimoghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517000204","article-title":"Synbiotic supplementation in lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial","volume":"117","author":"Mofidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30690","article-title":"Fecal microbial transplant capsules are safe in hepatic encephalopathy: a phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1601","article-title":"Donor fecal microbiota transplantation alters gut microbiota and metabolites in obese individuals with steatohepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Witjes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910437","article-title":"Drug-resistant E. coli Bacteremia transmitted by fecal microbiota transplant","volume":"381","author":"DeFilipp","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9378-3","article-title":"Oral administration of compound probiotics ameliorates HFD-induced gut microbe dysbiosis and chronic metabolic inflammation via the G protein-coupled receptor 43 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-5752-1","article-title":"Preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 by attenuating inflammation and mitochondrial injury and improving gut environment in obese mice","volume":"98","author":"Xin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.01.003","article-title":"Shaping the future of probiotics and prebiotics","volume":"29","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trend Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200364","article-title":"Prebiotic approach alleviates hepatic steatosis: implication of fatty acid oxidative and cholesterol synthesis pathways","volume":"57","author":"Pachikian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82726-y","article-title":"Comparison between 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing data for the taxonomic characterization of the gut microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Durazzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.025","article-title":"Establishing or exaggerating causality for the gut microbiome: lessons from human microbiota-associated rodents","volume":"180","author":"Walter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.047","article-title":"Post-antibiotic gut mucosal microbiome reconstitution is impaired by probiotics and improved by autologous FMT","volume":"174","author":"Suez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Hepatobiliary &amp; Pancreatic Diseases International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499387223000838?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499387223000838?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:44:56Z","timestamp":1761493496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1499387223000838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1499387223000838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1499-3872"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1499-3872","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hbpd.2023.06.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}