{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:17:49Z","timestamp":1789676269506,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hand Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,10]],"date-time":"2007-01-10T10:08:25Z","timestamp":1168423705000},"page":"341-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Malunions of the Finger Metacarpals and Phalanges"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Freeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila G.","family":"Lindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200506000-00028","article-title":"Malunion and nonunion of the metacarpals and phalanges","volume":"87","author":"Ring","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Overlapping fingers due to malunion of a phalanx corrected by a metacarpal rotational osteotomy\u2014report of two cases","volume":"10","author":"Botelheiro","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19900201-09","article-title":"Correction of rotary malunion of the fingers by metacarpal rotational osteotomy","volume":"13","author":"Menon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.54B3.516","article-title":"Correction of rotational malunion of a phalanx by metacarpal osteotomy","volume":"54","author":"Pieron","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196547040-00009","article-title":"Rotational osteotomy of the metacarpal for overlapping fingers","volume":"47","author":"Weckesser","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80009-X","article-title":"Corrective osteotomy for post-traumatic malunion of the phalanges of the hand","volume":"21","author":"Buchler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80156-1","article-title":"In situ osteotomy for extra-articular malunion of the proximal phalanx","volume":"23","author":"Trumble","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196951070-00006","article-title":"Impacted fractures in the proximal portion of the proximal phalanx of the finger","volume":"51","author":"Coonrad","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80138-4","article-title":"Osteotomy for digital deformity","volume":"6","author":"Froimson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(00)80007-8","article-title":"Corrective osteotomy of malunited fractures of phalanges and metacarpals","volume":"25","author":"Gollamudi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-9053(89)80042-0","article-title":"Osteotomy of the metacarpals and phalanges stabilized by AO plates and screws","volume":"8","author":"Lucas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Chir Main"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198110000-00016","article-title":"Step osteotomy: a precise rotation osteotomy to correct scissoring deformities of the fingers","volume":"68","author":"Manktelow","year":"1981","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(91)90031-6","article-title":"Rotational step-cut osteotomy for treatment of metacarpal and phalangeal malunion","volume":"16","author":"Pichora","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib14","first-page":"449","article-title":"Metacarpal and phalangeal osteotomy with miniplate fixation","volume":"20","author":"Sanders","year":"1991","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199312000-00017","article-title":"Correction osteotomies of phalanges and metacarpals for rotational and angular malunion: a long-term follow-up and a review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Van der Lei","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(89)80096-6","article-title":"Intraarticular osteotomy for malunion of metacarpal hand fractures","volume":"14","author":"Duncan","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.12.003","article-title":"Extra-articular osteotomy for malunited unicondylar fractures of the proximal phalanx","volume":"30","author":"Harness","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198701000-00019","article-title":"Salvage of intraarticular malunions of the hand and wrist. The role of realignment osteotomy","volume":"214","author":"Light","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.2001.0694","article-title":"Condylar advancement osteotomy for correcting condylar malunion of the finger","volume":"27","author":"Teoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90102-W","article-title":"Functional range of motion of the joints of the hand","volume":"15","author":"Hume","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80120-2","article-title":"A cadaver study of the effects of dorsal angulation and shortening of the metacarpal shaft on the extension and flexion force ratios of the index and little fingers","volume":"20","author":"Low","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.03.002","article-title":"Predicted effects of metacarpal shortening on interosseous muscle function","volume":"29","author":"Meunier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80471-X","article-title":"Metacarpal shaft fractures: the effect of shortening on the extensor tendon mechanism","volume":"23","author":"Strauch","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199708000-00014","article-title":"Fractures of the fourth metacarpal","volume":"11","author":"Eglseder","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.1999.0835","article-title":"The biomechanical effects of angulated boxer's fractures","volume":"24","author":"Ali","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199704000-00024","article-title":"Metacarpal fracture angulation decreases flexor mechanical efficiency in human hands","volume":"99","author":"Birndorf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052060-00008","article-title":"Fifth metacarpal fractures in a compensation clinic population. A report on one-hundred and thirty-three cases","volume":"52","author":"Hunter","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-003-0580-2","article-title":"Immediate mobilization gives good results in boxer's fractures with volar angulation up to 70 degrees: a prospective randomized trial comparing immediate mobilization with cast immobilization","volume":"123","author":"Statius Muller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01167-7","article-title":"Management of malunited fractures of the metacarpal and phalangeal shafts","volume":"4","author":"Seitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31297-9","article-title":"Fractures of the hand","volume":"14","author":"Opgrande","year":"1983","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(90)90068-F","article-title":"Rotational deformity following metacarpal fracture","volume":"15","author":"Royle","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31712-0","article-title":"Treatment principles for proximal and middle phalangeal fractures","volume":"23","author":"Agee","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80054-3","article-title":"Effect of proximal phalangeal fracture deformity on extensor tendon function","volume":"23","author":"Vahey","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.12.781","article-title":"Principles of metacarpal and phalangeal fracture management: a review of rehabilitation concepts","volume":"34","author":"Hardy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2005.05.010","article-title":"Closed reduction of hand fractures","volume":"32","author":"Freeland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199606000-00009","article-title":"Impending malunions of the hand. Treatment of subacute, malaligned fractures","volume":"327","author":"Lester","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00130911-200106000-00004","article-title":"Unilateral intrinsic resection of the lateral band and oblique fibers of the metacarpophalangeal joint for proximal phalangeal fractures","volume":"5","author":"Freeland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib38","series-title":"Hand fractures: repair, reconstruction, and rehabilitation","first-page":"232","article-title":"Union with deformity (malunion)","author":"Freeland","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00538-2","article-title":"Complications of phalangeal and metacarpal fractures","volume":"2","author":"Green","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199908000-00027","article-title":"Fixation influences osteogenesis of comminuted fractures","volume":"365","author":"Claes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2003.12.002","article-title":"Influence of fracture pattern on consolidation after metacarpal plate fixation","volume":"23","author":"Fusetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib42","first-page":"535","article-title":"Complications of plate fixation in metacarpal fractures","volume":"52","author":"Fusetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80157-3","article-title":"Complications and range of motion following plate fixation of metacarpal and phalangeal fractures","volume":"23","author":"Page","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(85)80259-8","article-title":"Metacarpal rotational osteotomy","volume":"10","author":"Gross","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B3.0830397","article-title":"Sample size and statistical power of randomized, controlled trials in orthopaedics","volume":"83","author":"Freedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.2.218","article-title":"Contradicted and initially stronger effects in highly cited clinical research","volume":"294","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200111000-00005","article-title":"Type-II error rates (beta errors) of randomized trials in orthopaedic trauma","volume":"83","author":"Lockner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200101000-00003","article-title":"Meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery. A systematic review of their methodologies","volume":"83","author":"Bhandari","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Hand Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749071206000333?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749071206000333?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T19:58:52Z","timestamp":1707508732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749071206000333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749071206000333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}}}