{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1772336796879,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T23:06:37Z","timestamp":1592867197000},"page":"331-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Septic Joints"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Chenoweth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.8.470","article-title":"Incidence and sources of native and prosthetic joint infection: a community based prospective survey","volume":"56","author":"Kaandorp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.527-544.2002","article-title":"Acute septic arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Shirtliff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.4.693","article-title":"Fibronectin, fibrinogen, and laminin act as mediators of adherence of clinical staphylococcal isolates to foreign material","volume":"158","author":"Herrmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.336-342.1998","article-title":"Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus escapes the endosome and induces apoptosis in epithelial cells","volume":"66","author":"Bayles","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib5","first-page":"244","article-title":"Demonstration of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in cells of synovial fluids by flow cytometry","volume":"1","author":"Koch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03392.x","article-title":"Role of T lymphocytes in experimental Staphylococcus aureus arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Abdelnour","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib7","first-page":"44","article-title":"Ultrastructure of articular cartilage in pyogenic arthritis","volume":"99","author":"Roy","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(93)90079-L","article-title":"Septic arthritis of the hand","volume":"24","author":"de Vries","year":"1993","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00419-4","article-title":"Septic arthritis of the hand and wrist","volume":"14","author":"Murray","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"9717","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61595-6","article-title":"Bacterial septic arthritis in adults","volume":"375","author":"Mathews","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib11","first-page":"653","article-title":"Approach to septic arthritis","volume":"84","author":"Horowitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2003.09.018","article-title":"Laboratory tests in adults with monoarticular arthritis: can they rule out a septic joint?","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2006.08.011","article-title":"Septic arthritis of the small joints of the hand","volume":"31","author":"Sinha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl295","article-title":"Guideline for the management of the hot swollen joint in adults with a particular focus on septic arthritis","volume":"58","author":"Weston","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2011.09.1928","article-title":"Ultrasound versus anatomic guidance for intra-articular and periarticular injection: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Gilliland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.09.006","article-title":"Improvement in wrist pain with ultrasound-guided glucocorticoid injections: a meta-analysis of individual patient data","volume":"42","author":"Dubreuil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00630","article-title":"Comparison of arthroscopic and open treatment of septic arthritis of the wrist","volume":"91","author":"Sammer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199507000-00011","article-title":"New dorsal capsulotomy for the surgical exposure of the wrist","volume":"35","author":"Berger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.03.032","article-title":"Nerve-sparing dorsal and volar approaches to the radiocarpal joint","volume":"35","author":"Hagert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01315","article-title":"Comparison of arthroscopic and open treatment of septic arthritis of the wrist. Surgical technique","volume":"92","author":"Sammer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib21","series-title":"Green's operative hand surgery","author":"Wolfe","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.12.003","article-title":"Surgical exposure of the proximal interphalangeal joint","volume":"34","author":"DeDeugd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80074-X","article-title":"A\u00a0functional treatment method for interphalangeal pyogenic arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Wittels","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(91)90020-O","article-title":"Human fight-bite injuries of the hand. A study of 100 cases within 18 months","volume":"16","author":"Mennen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000241","article-title":"Techniques for continuous irrigation of septic joints of the hand","volume":"23","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0566-0","article-title":"Antimicrobial management of septic arthritis of the hand and wrist","volume":"42","author":"Kowalski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1710926","article-title":"Oral versus intravenous antibiotics for bone and joint infection","volume":"380","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.05.022","article-title":"Pyarthrosis of the small joints of the hand resulting in arthrodesis or amputation","volume":"36","author":"Giuffre","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200009010-00011","article-title":"Management of hand and upper-extremity infections in heart transplant recipients","volume":"106","author":"Klein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.07.001","article-title":"Hand infections in the immunocompromised patient: an update","volume":"44","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.1999.0682","article-title":"Upper extremity infections in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"24","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1142\/S021881041100559X","article-title":"Hand infection in diabetic patients","volume":"16","author":"Jalil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hand Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107015","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107015","article-title":"Pronounced metabolic changes in adaptation to biofilm growth by Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"9","author":"Allan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftw056","article-title":"Penetration barrier contributes to bacterial biofilm-associated resistance against only select antibiotics, and exhibits genus-, strain- and antibiotic-specific differences","volume":"74","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.10.023","article-title":"Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of implant infection in the distal upper extremity","volume":"43","author":"Edwards","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201102400216","article-title":"Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as markers of postoperative orthopaedic joint prosthesis infections","volume":"24","author":"Drago","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Hand Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749071220300330?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749071220300330?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1760063563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749071220300330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749071220300330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Septic Joints","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hand Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}