{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:49:35Z","timestamp":1790412575923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1625868167000},"page":"447-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Starfish Procedure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Andrew Jordan","family":"Grier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan J.","family":"Loeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Glenn","family":"Gaston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80208-5","article-title":"Replantation and revascularization at the transmetacarpal level: long-term functional results","volume":"21","author":"Weinzweig","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.02.030","article-title":"Long-term results of transmetacarpal replantation","volume":"60","author":"Paavilainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679509157156","article-title":"Mid-palm replantation. Long-term results","volume":"264","author":"Gerostathopoulos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.0418","article-title":"Patient-reported and functional outcomes after revision amputation and replantation of digit amputations: the FRANCHISE multicenter international retrospective cohort study","volume":"154","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.09.002","article-title":"\"Damage control\" hand surgery: evaluation and emergency management of the mangled hand","volume":"34","author":"Tosti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.12.002","article-title":"Posttraumatic finger reconstruction with microsurgical transplantation of toes","volume":"23","author":"Wallace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409337958","article-title":"The functional results of post-traumatic metacarpal hand reconstruction with microvascular toe transfers","volume":"34","author":"Kotkansalo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.182232","article-title":"Functional outcomes of post-traumatic metacarpal hand reconstruction with free toe-to-hand transfer","volume":"49","author":"Venkatramani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib9","first-page":"275","article-title":"Toe-to-finger transfer for post-traumatic reconstruction of the fingerless hand","volume":"44","author":"Williamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.03.020","article-title":"Toe-to-hand transfer: evolving indications and relevant outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Waljee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.04.010","article-title":"Posttraumatic reconstruction of the hand--a retrospective review of 87 toe-to-hand transfers compared with an earlier report","volume":"36","author":"Kvernmo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000712","article-title":"Heterotopic vascularized joint transfer in mutilating hand injuries","volume":"76","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B11.BJJ-2018-0301.R1","article-title":"Management and outcome of acral soft-tissue sarcomas","volume":"100-B","author":"Dean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.11.014","article-title":"Partial hand preservation for large soft tissue sarcomas of the hand","volume":"35","author":"Puhaindran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.01.050","article-title":"Causes and outcomes of finger ischemia in hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"68","author":"Landry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944718791189","article-title":"Why not life and limb? vasopressor use in intensive care unit patients the cause of acute limb ischemia","volume":"15","author":"Newbury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9800","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009800","article-title":"Amputation of multiple limbs caused by use of inotropics: Case report, a report of 4 cases","volume":"97","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.18.00162","article-title":"Team approach: modern-day prostheses in the mangled hand","volume":"7","author":"Delarosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.03.053","article-title":"Current concepts in upper-extremity amputation","volume":"43","author":"Pierrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80278-3","article-title":"Prosthetic usage in major upper extremity amputations","volume":"20","author":"Wright","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-003-0546-4","article-title":"Prosthetic rehabilitation in traumatic upper limb amputees (an Indian perspective)","volume":"123","author":"Bhaskaranand","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0137729","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137729","article-title":"Replantation versus Prosthetic Fitting in Traumatic Arm Amputations: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Otto","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2305111","article-title":"The extraction of neural information from the surface EMG for the control of upper-limb prostheses: emerging avenues and challenges","volume":"22","author":"Farina","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(88)90169-1","article-title":"Surface myoelectric signal cross-talk among muscles of the leg","volume":"69","author":"De Luca","year":"1988","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2016.2523799","article-title":"Treatment of the partial hand amputation: an engineering perspective","volume":"9","author":"Imbinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2005485","article-title":"Decoding of individuated finger movements using surface electromyography","volume":"56","author":"Tenore","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00162","article-title":"Control capabilities of myoelectric robotic prostheses by hand amputees: a scientific research and market overview","volume":"9","author":"Atzori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163.e1-5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.04.009","article-title":"A\u00a0novel muscle transfer for independent digital control of a myoelectric prosthesis: the starfish procedure","volume":"44","author":"Gaston","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006134","article-title":"Practical tips to improve efficiency and success in upper limb replantation","volume":"144","author":"Woo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b038c9","article-title":"Targeted reinnervation for transhumeral amputees: current surgical technique and update on results","volume":"124","author":"Dumanian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14386-w","article-title":"Myoelectric pattern recognition outperforms direct control for transhumeral amputees with targeted muscle reinnervation: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Hargrove","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525.e1-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.11.019","article-title":"Targeted muscle reinnervation for prosthesis optimization and neuroma management in the setting of transradial amputation","volume":"44","author":"Pierrie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.116","article-title":"Targeted muscle reinnervation for real-time myoelectric control of multifunction artificial arms","volume":"301","author":"Kuiken","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0000000000000141","article-title":"Targeted muscle reinnervation for transradial amputation: description of operative technique","volume":"20","author":"Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib35","first-page":"884.e1-e6","article-title":"Targeted muscle reinnervation in the hand: treatment and prevention of pain after ray amputation","volume":"45","author":"Elmaraghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"10081","key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30601-3","article-title":"Restoration of reaching and grasping movements through brain-controlled muscle stimulation in a person with tetraplegia: a proof-of-concept demonstration","volume":"389","author":"Ajiboye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21781","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21781","article-title":"Real-time control of a neuroprosthetic hand by magnetoencephalographic signals from paralysed patients","volume":"6","author":"Fukuma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Hand Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749071221010507?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749071221010507?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T02:35:27Z","timestamp":1760063727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749071221010507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749071221010507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0712"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0712","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Starfish Procedure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Hand Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2021.04.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}